Economics in a new era Economic Impacts and Strategies By Brian Wang Sept 12, 2007.
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Transcript of Economics in a new era Economic Impacts and Strategies By Brian Wang Sept 12, 2007.
Economics in a new era
Economic Impacts and Strategies
By Brian Wang
Sept 12, 2007
Overview
• Lead up to Molecular manufacturing• Technology and world of 2015-2020
– Advanced self assembly, chemistry, DNA nanotechnology, highly scaled tools
• Nanofactories impact• Fast production Infrastructure revisions years/months
not decades• Not just production Clear hurdles to other technology• Choices that matter – faster growth not just economic
competition but to save lives
Metamaterials and superlenses,New states of matter Adiabatic quantum computer
Superthread: 100 times stronger than steel Zyvex nanosolve additive
Background and review of the Acceleration of Technology
DNA robotic arm array
DNA origami: 200-trillionths actual size map
Virus assembled batteries
Total genetic control Gene therapy, RNAi,RNA activation, metagenomics, synthetic biology
IBM nanogravure printing, 2 nanomater placements
Nanopantography(Billions of ion beams)
-Thermochemical nanolithography(writes 10,000+ times faster than DPN, mm/sec)dimensions down to 12 nanometers in width
Fracture induced Structuring, 60 nm
Convergence greater than sum of individual technology parts
A lot of different technology developing
Molecular nanotechnology and technology convergence
Makes what existed before more powerful and accelerates convergence
+ =
Improving technology that is underestimated
• Labs on a chip and bubble logic• Nanomaterials revolution not just for stronger material
(CNT reinforced aluminum, nanograin metal) but also batteries, fuel cells. CVD-diamond
• Superconductors• Nanomembranes• Lasers• Wireless, software radio• Robotics, automation, AI and UAVs• Rapid prototyping, rapid manufacturing, claytronics• RFIDs, smart dust and variations• Cryocoolers, magnetic cooling, efficient condition control
Social change
• Mass wealth (15 million millionaires in 2015 double 2004 amount)
Extrapolation of Merrill Lynch wealth survey• Triple the number of Tech angel investors in 2015UNH's venture research center : 51,000 businesses raised
angel funding from 234,000 individuals in 2006 $25.6 billion into US entrepreneurial ventures in 2006 http://www.boston.com/business/globe/articles/2007/03/20/
investing_in_start_ups_by_wealthy_angels_rises_108/• Rise of China, India and other countries• Long term acceleration of economic growth• More countries, companies and people able to fund
technology and change
More companies and countries will be able to fund and achieve disruptive changes
Faster than Moore’s Law and the spread of Moore’s law outside IT
• NAND memory
• System Integration (http://www.spectrum.ieee.org/jun06/3649)
• Graphics chips (general purpose GPUs)
• Falling price of DNA sequencing, synthesis
2015 Projections• 200,000 – 1 million qubit quantum computer• Billions of artificial or simulated neurons• NRAM (Nantero) and PRAM (Ovonics) memory• Ovonic quantum control devices 2008-2013 enable flat
computers• 64 Terabyte flash drives (Samsung)• Gene Therapy and gene doping• Superthread – carbon nanotubes common• Wireless, fiber&cable superbroadband 100Mbps5 GbpsComcast, Verizon, White space modem (Microsoft and others) overseas, NTT
fiber demo results
• Gigapixel cameras• Claytronics, Ubiquitous computing, wireless power/comm • China’s economy passes the USA 2018 +- 3 years
2015 : Nanomaterials, Tools
• Carbon Nanotubes: MWCNT 10k tons per year 2011, $10-50/lb
• Carbon Nanotubes: 40K-100K tons/year by 2015, $1-5/lb or less
• Graphene
• Millions of higher precision parallel AFMs/STMs etc…
DNA Sequencing cost and DNA synthesis
Cost to sequence genome (3 billion pairs)
Largest synthesis
3M BP for
ribosome
2007 $100K 45K BP
2010 $3K 1 M BP
2012 $300-600 5M BP
2015 $10-50 50M BPPre-full blown molecular manufacturing still has powerful nanopore technology
DNA factories help with the synthesis, as does UK ideas factory synthesis
Pre-nanofactoryA lot of China’s production revolution based on speed and flexibility.
’ China Makes, The World Takes’http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/prem/200707/shenzhena company that has built up a brand name and relationships with retailers, and knows
what it wants to promote and sell next—and needs to save time and money in manufacturing a product that requires a fair amount of assembly.
The Chinese factories can respond more quickly, and not simply because of 12-hour workdays. “Anyplace else, you’d have to import different raw materials and components,” Casey told me. “Here, you’ve got nine different suppliers within a mile, and they can bring a sample over that afternoon. People think China is cheap, but really, it’s fast.” Moreover, the Chinese factories use more human labor, and fewer expensive robots or assembly machines, than their counterparts in rich countries. “People are the most adaptable machines,” an American industrial designer who works in China told me. “Machines need to be reprogrammed. You can have people doing something entirely different next week.”
About this time (2015-2025) full blown molecular manufacturing
• What has been holding back technological change even against the powerful technology of 2015 (2015-2025) ?
• Changing Infrastructure has still been hard– Energy was taking decades to solve– Roadblocks to realizing full computing potential
• Truly conquering space has still been hard• Bad choices and governance too (expect that to
persist)• MM will provide the capacity to fix even the hard
problems (energy, infrastructure, space) but the X factor is the choices that people collectively make
Nanofactory capabilities
• A one-kilogram one-hour nanofactory could, if supplied with enough feedstock and energy, makes 4 thousand tons of nanofactories and 8 thousand tons of products in a single day
• Possible to replace/upgrade more than our current production capability in weeks to months
• Change out earth based infrastructure multiple times per year– World infrastructure X.0
• Even faster and more flexible – not just the nanofactory but world production supply chain
Capability to physically and technological overcome barriers to space and economic
goals can be achieved
Collective mental restrictions (consistently wrong choices and bad governance/incentive feedback structure) and that
prevent full capabilities from being developed must be overcome
Some past technology has been underutilized and underdeveloped and a
small fraction of its potential
Nuclear power and nuclear propulsion
Trying to give up good uses does not mean bad uses are avoided it just
means good uses are reduced
Any delays or production limitations for molecular manufacturing
• If full-blown nanofactory molecular manufacturing does not happen until 2025 or so, there will be increasingly powerful molecular manipulations and powerful nanometer control capabilities
• Use the advanced nanometer manipulation systems • Only use molecular manufacturing for critical
components• Even when we have diamondoid mechanosynthesis
other simpler manufacturing can be used. • Maximum energy and resource efficiency
We need to maintain momentum once we overcome current challenges
Best non-molecular manufacturing plans and enable and enhance them
• Dual mode transportation– Mix of car and rail. Cars with guiderails.– 3 to 6 times more efficient than standard cars– Lets you go all electric, prevent accidents– Linear Induction Motors (LIM) higher volumes, high
speeds, no accidents• Solar power in space and space colonization
– Current: Dnepr Rocket, CP1/a-Si:H (4300W/kg)
• Mirror / Laser arrays– 100-144 kw lasers, Thirty two 4.5 KW laser diodes– $30/watt 2006, $10/watt 2010, $2/watt 2015
• Food production stem cell factories
Drilling down on Industries and parts of the economy
• Automotive and Transportation• Consumer Products • Distribution • Energy, Utilities and Chemicals • Financial Services • Healthcare • Life Sciences • Manufacturing • Public Sector • Retail • Telecom, Media & Entertainment
Transportation and Distribution
• Clean, efficient energy and transportation• Smart cars and highways (plans and prototypes
but had chicken and egg problems)• Molecular manufacturing mass produces
“chickens and eggs”• Virtual reality – super halo communication
rooms, physical moving avatars• Local production less transportation of freight.
Pipelines of feedstocks that cannot be locally produced
• Where possible change in place
Revamping transportation
• In place modifications: electric cars, buses, smart highways, platooning vehicles, blocking off city centers (park and switch to nano-Segways – nano-golf carts)
• More radical: Dual mode transportation• Nanofactories on the base of a vehicle lay out
guiderails.• Adapt cars, trucks, buses• Virtual reality replacement for travel• Handle materials, waste in place• Large scale bubble logic through sewers
Is infrastructure being revamped Quarterly ?Yearly ? Longer ?
• Subscription model for upgrades
• After one or two revamps how much are the follow on revamps doing (how much progress and real difference from Excel 97 to Office 2005 ?)
• Do not want customers/people stuck with old and outdated models and their net worth tank with depreciating asset
Productivity and Growth• Depending on how clever and bold we are collectively growth can
rapidly increase to 20% to 50% per year as full blown molecular manufacturing kicks in.
• After initial burst..what is longer term sustainable growth?• Managing and maximizing hypergrowth will not be easy• Fastest growing company listshttp://money.cnn.com/magazines/business2/b2fastestgrowing/2007/http://www.inc.com/resources/inc500/2006/top25.htmlIt will be critical to be able scale overall business quickly. Dot.com was
a warm up
Increase energy efficiency 3-10 times, increase usage 500 times. In 20 years at the 50% annual rate, we would be past Kardashev level one (need off earth power or far high density power sources) 60 more years to K2.
Restructuring for hypergrowth
• Initial certified inputs and outputs and scaling assessments. Compared against what might be displaced.
• Varying certifications. ie. Easy certification for some better power sources to displace dangerous coal power, but growing beyond that would have more stringent requirements
• Need multiple faster than real time simulations for assessing environmental and other impacts
• Cannot have multi-year studies and assessments and have good growth let alone hypergrowth
• Need to enable more builders of new industries and expander of industries
• Get people from just re-allocating without adding value• Without restructuring some will be stuck at lower growth levels• Strengthen entrepreneurship, venture capital and private equity
More change than just production (Part 1 of 3)
• What scientific and engineering problems that were just out of reach are conquered by the new capabilities ?
• Wide scale molecularly precise real time analysis – boosts scientific understanding
• Room temperature superconductors (nanostructured materials, phonon mediation)
• Enabling wave after wave of new powerful technology and change
More change than just production (part 2 of 3)
• Nuclear fusion (Z-pinch, Colliding beam , laser)• Mass produced high burn nuclear fission and
large scale adsorption of ocean uranium and other minerals
• Super-charged solar power production• Magnets, lasers, energy density, capacitance
• Inexpensive access to space from many different technology options
More change than just production (part 3 of 3)
• Nanomedicine• Life Extension• Capability enhancement• AI and robotics• Unblocking breakthroughs• Maximizing physical effects
– Capacitance for lorentz propulsion– Energy density– Conversion efficiency
• Physics and science at the edges
Business strategies
Premium for speed and effective responsiveness
Detailed anticipation
Effectiveness in handling transitions
No limit/High Growth Businesses and Jobs
• Entrepreneurs, business owners, innovation• Entertainers• Space expansion, adventurers, explorers• Various people to people interaction (Events, sports …)• Certain healthcare, health improvement and services• Fashion, design, status• Sales, marketing, branding, relationship building• Many jobs not really part of high growth economy and
relatively inert matter to civilization progress• Economy can also grow by doing more of the same
transactions– X times more transactions in the same year– New kinds of transactions
Strategies when technology is rapidly accelerating
• More projects should be game changers and leapfrogging• Robust positioning and strategies in case of rapid change• Forward view and rapid response• Awareness of other situations globally and historically• Look for leverage and creative ways to overcome
bottlenecks• Look at altering processes and creative bootstrapping.
Deliver as much benefit as you can now. Get more when you revamp
• Collaborative Simulations to model choices and options– Informed Choice management and negative impact
mitigation• Hypergrowth and hypercompetition
Prudently spread bets, travel in the right direction and to the right goals
Gather information and useful resources (lasting relationships etc)
More Technology for more robustness and ability to tolerate persistent imperfection
Change may be requiredSlowing down probably a bad choice
Some problems may not go away but may be more tolerable
Advancednano site
http://advancednano.blogspot.com
Brian Wang
Open for Q & A
Choices and Competition
• Hyper speed game of rule-changing Go– Build anew away from protected areas– Take more turns– Hypercompetition– More choices, options and opportunities
• Singularity Technologically possible X companies are competing to do it
2015 China has a big middle class
• China 140 million households (50%) out of 280 million with $6000-10000 (4RMB to 1USD)
• Up from 41 million (20%) 2007 205 million households, 25000-40000RMB
• 59 million households (21.2%) out of 280 million with $10000-25000 (4 RMB to 1USD)
• Up from 21 million (10%) 2007 205 million households, 40000-100000RMB
• 65% in cities up from 50%Source: McKinsey Quarterly
http://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/article_page.aspx?ar=1734&L2=18&L3=30
Historical shifts to high growth
• Technology can provide productivity boom
• Shifts in leadership in China (1978) and India (1980s and 1991)
• Philippines recent shift• Corruption,
mismanagement and economic structure can limit growth
Series of exponential modes
• Long-Term Growth As A Sequence of Exponential Modes, Robin Hanson Dept. of Economics, George Mason University
Mode Doubling Date Began Doubles Doubles X Times
Grows Time (DT) To Dominate of DT of WP
---------- --------- ----------- ------ ------- --------
Brain size 34M yrs 550M B.C. ? "~16" 64,000
Hunters 230K yrs 2000K B.C. 7.2 8.7 450
Farmers 860 yrs 4700 B.C. 8.1 7.5 200
?? 58 yrs 1730 3.9 3.2 10
Industry 15 yrs 1903 1.9 >6.3 80
MNT X weeks 20XX
MNT + AGI Y days 20YY
MNT + AGI + New Science vX
GDP Equations
C is private consumption, G is public consumption, NX is net exports, and I represents investments, or savings. Note that in the Solow model, we represent public consumption and private consumption simply as total consumption from both the public and government sector.
Cobb-Douglas function where Y represents the total production in an economy. A represents multifactor productivity (often generalized as technology), K is capital and L is labor.
Ex. 2% of the population moves from rural areas to cities each year. People in cities have 3 times the productivity (GDP per capita). Urbanization would then add 6% GDP to annual growth
Jobs
The stronger AI and automation is then the more jobs are changed
Fishing could be replaced by stem cell food factories
Assets• Challenges for Asset classes
• Real estate - valuation change based on possibly lower cost of replacement
• Shifts in economic health of regions and cities could cause localized price collapses
• Adaptability and competitiveness of the people who make up the economy of a region is vital - able to shift and create new industries
• How to make creative destruction humane ?– Under-employed should be preparing for the next waves
• Assets / jobs secondary to information (IP), creativity, relationships, branding, reputation
Andy Groves Healthcare plan:opportunity for medical products
• http://www.wired.com/medtech/health/news/2007/04/andygrove_healthcare_qanda?currentPage=2
• A near term example of a plan to overcome government inaction, circumventing slow changing infrastructure protectors
• First: Keep elderly people at home as long as possible (an idea he calls "shift left"). Use high-tech gadgets to help them remember to take their medicine and monitor their health. In one year, if a quarter of the people now living in nursing homes went home, it would save more than $12 billion, Grove says.
• Second, Grove advocates addressing the uninsured by building more "retail clinics" -- basic health care centers in drugstores and other outlets that can take care of problems that are presently, and expensively, addressed in emergency rooms.
• Lastly, unify medical records using the internet. In his vision, every patient carries a USB drive containing his or her medical records, which any doctor can download.
An Open Mind and creative solutions
• Is it impossible or are you thinking about a bad solution ? Has it already happened?
• Maybe another approach provides the benefits without the downsides or the challenges
• Teleportation OR rapid acceleration• Holodeck OR VR• No FTL but really good telescopes and fantastic
in solar system mobility
Coaching those with different views of the world and the future
• Provide information that they may not be aware to adjust their point of view
• Position strategies as precautionary plan B or keeping options open
Screens and form factors
• OLED• Ovonic quantum control• Separating functions• Practical holographyhttp://www.technologyreview.com/Infotech/18572/
http://www.ivanhoe.com/science/story/2006/05/142si.html
Hologram from computer file
Allow preview of product
Identifying the right problems for you and your clients
• Are you prepared ? Familiar with big picture, learning curve
• Some of the details of problems and solutions matters are very important
• Tested processes• Are the right questions being asked?• Scoping and quantifying• One problem or many?• Other points of view and contexts