Economic Systems. How Does An Economy Work? Nations must answer 3 basic Economic question: What...
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Transcript of Economic Systems. How Does An Economy Work? Nations must answer 3 basic Economic question: What...
How Does An Economy Work?
Nations must answer 3 basic Economic question: What goods and services should be
produced? How should the goods and services
be produced? For whom should the goods and
services be produced? The way a nation answers these
questions defines their economy.
Types of Economic Systems
All economic systems fall into one of two broad categories: Market (or Capitalist) System Command (or Planned) System
No economy can be purely market or purely command
Elements of both economies are found in all systems this makes all economies mixed
Industrial Revolution brings changes
The Industrial Revolution brings further width to the gap between the rich and the poor or the Haves and the Have-nots
Business leaders want the government to stay out of economic affairs.
Reformers want the government to take a more active role and help the poor.
Mixed Economies Some government involvement
through mandatory laws and regulations that businesses follow Labor Laws, Minimum Wage
The government provides social programs for those who need help Medicare, welfare
All economies are mixed they are classified based on how much the government is involved in the process
Continuum of Economic Systems
Command Economy
Communism
On the far left
Market Economy
CapitalismOn the far
right
SocialismLeft of center but right of communism
Adam Smith Laissez-faire: economic
policy of letting business/industry owners set working conditions without interference
Adam Smith believed in the idea of free markets.
3 laws: Self interest Competition Supply and Demand
Capitalism An economic system in which
business/industry are privately owned and money is invested to make profits.
The government is concerned about its people and takes care of those who cannot care for themselves
The political system is a democracy with leaders elected by the people
The United States and Japan are examples of a Capitalist Economy
Socialism The factors of production are owned by the
public and operate for the welfare of all The main goal is to keep prices low for all
people and to provide employment for many
The government runs key industries (i.e. factories and railroads) and makes economic decisions
More social services for all and free or low cost medical care
Canada, Germany, Sweden, Australia and Great Britain are all examples of socialist economies
Communism The government runs everything
(Totalitarian government) Only one political party, the Communist
party, runs the government All people able to work are assigned jobs
– there is virtually no unemployment The government assigns housing,
schools, and occupations There is little to no economic freedom Cuba, North Korea, and China are
examples
Answer the following questions using the chart
Liberal Reactionary
Pure
Democracy
Representative
Democracy
Absolute
Monarchy
Totalitarian Dictatorshi
p
Capitalism
Mixed Economy
Socialism Communism
1.Can democracy exist in a communist system? Why or why not?
2.Can dictators promote capitalism? Why or why not? 3.Can there be a socialist democracy? Why or why not? 4.What is a mixed economy? Can an absolute monarchy
promote a mixed economy? Why or why not? 5.Where does the United States fit on the political-economic
spectrum?
Economies In Transition The breakup of the Soviet Union is the
best example of a country changing from a Command Economy to a Market Economy
State owned industries have been privatized (government owned businesses are sold to private citizens)
Today even socialist countries are selling some of their government owned businesses to individuals