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Economic Revolution and Sectional Strife Chapter 9.
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Transcript of Economic Revolution and Sectional Strife Chapter 9.
Economic Revolution and Sectional Strife
Chapter 9
Entrepreneurial Spirit
• Factors of Production:
“If movement and the quick succession of
sensations and ideas constitute life, here one lives a hundred
fold more than elsewhere; here, all is
circulation, motion, and boiling agitation.”
“Experiment follows experiment; enterprise follows enterprise, riches and
poverty follow.”
• economic system in which the means of production are controlled by private individuals/business
Another Revolution Affects America
• Manufacturing moved from homes and small workshops to factories– Power-driven machinery– Specialized workers
• Industrial Revolution– Social and economic reorganization
• Started in Great Britain
• – The major change in the US economy produced by people
beginning to buy and sell goods rather than make them for themselves
Transportation
• Canals– 1816 100 miles of
canals– 1831 3,300+ miles of
canals
• Railroads– Began replacing canals in
1840s– 1850 about 10,000 miles– 1860 about 31,000 miles
IR in USA
• Embargo of 1807 & War of 1812 helped IR start in USA
• 1793 - established first textile mill in America
• 1813 - Francis Cabot Lowell, Nathan Appleton, and Patrick Tracy Jackson opened mills
Early Textile LoomEarly Textile Loomhttp://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/ks3/history/industrial_era/the_industrial_revolution/revision/9/
http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/victorians/launch_ani_spinning_mill.shtml
The Lowell/Waltham System:
First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant
The Lowell/Waltham System:
First Dual-Purpose Textile Plant
Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814Francis Cabot Lowell’s town - 1814
Lowell in 1850Lowell in 1850
Lowell MillLowell Mill
Starting for LowellStarting for Lowell
Lowell GirlsLowell Girls
Lowell Boarding HousesLowell Boarding Houses
Lowell Mills Time Table
Lowell Mills Time Table
Average 11 hour work day (12+ hour day)
New England Dominance in Textiles
New England Dominance in Textiles
New EnglandTextile
Centers:
1830s
New EnglandTextile
Centers:
1830s
Two Economic Systems Develop
• North– Invested more money into manufacturing– Farms were more subsistence than profit-
driven• Climate prevented cash-crops from being
profitable– Less demand for slavery
• South– Growth of cotton + cotton gin = “King Cotton”
• Plantation slave system spread and grew
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin, 1791
Eli Whitney’s Gun FactoryEli Whitney’s Gun Factory
Interchangeable Parts* RifleInterchangeable Parts* Rifle
Cumberland (National Road), 1811
Erie Canal SystemErie Canal System
Robert Fulton & the Steamboat
Robert Fulton & the Steamboat
1807: The 1807: The ClermontClermont
Principal Canals in 1840Principal Canals in 1840
Inland Freight RatesInland Freight Rates
Be careful reading the Y axis!