Economia circolare nella gestione sostenibile delle acque ......Energy positive evolution: H2020...
Transcript of Economia circolare nella gestione sostenibile delle acque ......Energy positive evolution: H2020...
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Economia circolare nella gestione sostenibile delle acque reflue:
dalla ricerca all’applicazione reale
La depurazione idrica in Italia:
da criticità ad opportunità
Francesco Fatone and the SMART-Plant Consortium
Firenze, 20/Ottobre/2017
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Outline • Is (waste)water management central for circular economy?
• The pathways and the eco-innovations • Energy pathway
• Water pathway
• Materials pathway
• The value chains, the barriers and the key enabling strategies/solutions
• Discussion…and conclusion
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Is water central in the “Circular Economy Package”?
Source: https://www.eip-water.eu/water-%E2%80%9Ccircular-economy-package%E2%80%9D
Circular Economy Package mainly aim at facilitating water reuse - this will include a legislative proposal on minimum requirements for reused water, for example for irrigation and groundwater recharge
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What about R&D&I in EU?
•H2020 WATER INNOVATION: BOOSTING ITS VALUE FOR EUROPE (2014-2015): Need of scale-up to demo, first application and market replication •H2020 WATER IN THE CONTEXT OF
CIRCULAR ECONOMY (2016-2017): recovery and (re)use of nutrients and large demos for alternative water source, use and reuse
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Current wastewater treatment: Is this right for the next 100 years?
WasteWater Treatment Plant: Activated Sludge Process
COD, N, P
CO2
Energy
Treated water
Solids Sludge
Courtesy: Juan Lema (Water_2020)
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Water Resource Recovery Facility (WRRF)
Innovative Technologies
COD, N, P, Solids
Micropollutants
CO2 VOCs GHG
Energy
High quality water (reuse)
Biosolids
Valuable products
Courtesy: Juan Lema (Water_2020)
We want to move from WWTP to WRRF, how and when?
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THREE MAIN PATHWAYS TO DELIVER CIRCULAR ECONOMY
VALUABLE MATERIALS
ENERGY
• Portfolio of resources • Economy of scale • International cluster of innovators • Cross-sectorial value chain
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Today’s analysis: according to the Technology Readiness Level
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The ENERGY PATHWAY (to deliver circular economy)
Current TRL = 8-9
but
WATER-ENERGY-CARBON NEXUS!
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Case Study: Energy and Carbon footprint vs. Product Water Quality
Neethling et al (2011) Proc. WEFTEC
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Strass WRRF: energy positive since 2005
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Energy positive evolution: H2020 POWERSTEP
POWERSTEP modules 1- in mainline WWTP for A-stage (C extraction) 2- in mainline WWTP for B-stage (N removal) 3- reject water for N- removal or N-recovery 4- for best biogas valorisation
www.powerstep.eu
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The MATERIALS PATHWAY (to deliver circular economy)
Phosphorus = TRL 8-9
Other = TRL 4-7
but: social, market and regulatory barriers!
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Resources embedded to municipal wastewater…recoverable at TRL 7
Parameter Value Reusable water (m3/capita year) 80-120 Cellulose (kg/capita year) 5-7 Biopolymers; PHA (kg/capita year) 2-4 Phosphorus in P precursors (kg/capita year) 0.5-1.5 Nitrogen in N precursors (kg/capita year) 4-5 Methane (m3/ capita year) 12-13 Organic Fertilizer (P-rich compost) (kg/capita year) 9-10
Verstraete et al. (2009) Bioresource Technology 100, 5537–5545
Salehizadej and van Loosdrecht (2004) Biotechnology Advances 22, 261–279
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Key enabling solutions: (1) upstream carbon diversion, (2) short-cut (via nitrite) energy efficient P and PHA recovery processes; (3) tertiary
nanoengineered adsorption; (4) enhanced anaerobic treatments
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Cellulose
Struvite P-compost
Bio- polymers Biogas
Energy efficiency
Water re-use and fertigation
www.smart-plant.eu Start: 01/Jun/2016 – End: 31/may/2020
Scale-up of low-carbon footprint MAterial Recovery Techniques in existing wastewater treatment
PLANTs
- Horizon2020 IA - 9 demo SMARTechs - Cross-sectorial value chain - Innovation deal - 26 partners
- 19 SME or LI - 7 R&D Organization
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Quale approccio? Efficientare ed integrare l‘esistente. Il recupero di materia è un valore aggiunto
Influent Effluent
Biogas
Dehydrated sludge Water line
Sludge line
Conventional Primary Sedimentation replaced by Primary
Upstream SMARTech1
Conventional Activated Sludge replaced by Secondary Mainstream
SMARTechs 2a and/or 2b
Conventional or Enhanced Anaerobic Digestion
integrated by Sidestream SMARTechs 4a,4b or 5
Conventional Secondary Effluent refined by Tertiary Mainstream
SMARTech3
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The SMART-Plant integrated WRRFs SMARTech Site Key enabling process(es) SMART-product(s)
1 Geestmerambac
ht (NL)
Upstream dynamic fine-
screen and post-processing of
cellulosic sludge
Cellulosic sludge, refined clean
cellulose
2a Karmiel (Israel) Mainstream polyurethane-
based anaerobic biofilter
Biogas, Energy-efficient water
reuse
2b Manresa (ES) Mainstream SCEPPHAR P-rich sludge, PHA
3 Cranfield (UK) Mainstream tertiary hybrid
ion exchange
Nutrients
4a Carbonera (IT) Sidestream
SCENA+conventional AD
P-rich sludge, VFA
4b Psyttalia (GR) Sidestream SCENA+enhanced
AD
P-rich sludge
5 Carbonera (IT) Sidestream SCEPPHAR PHA, struvite, VFA
Downstream
SMARTechA
London (UK) Formulation of recovered
cellulosic and PHA
materials+extrusion
Biocomposite (Sludge Plastic
Composite – SPC)
Downstream
SMARTechB
Manresa (ES) Dynamic composting of P-rich
sludge using minerals as
bulking agents; bio-drying of
cellulosic sludge
P-rich compost, enriched with
minerals; fuel for biomass plants
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• 79% cellulose fiber, • 5 % other organics, • 6% inorganic (ash), • 10% other contaminants (average in The Netherlands).
Potentially marketable product, but the economic feasibility depends mainly on savings at the WWTP
Market development Marketing and valorization of recovered cellulose
Reuse in asphalt Raw material for composite (Brunel) Insulation materials (In development, not sure yet)
SMARTech1: Primary (upstream) dynamic sieving and clean cellulose recovery
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400 kg clean cellulose per day
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1. An innovative anaerobic immobilized polymeric biofilter.
2. Reaction volume -25 m3 designed and installed in the WWTP of Karmiel (North of Israel)
3. Characteristics:
- 100-120 m3/d.
- Removal of 30-40% of CODf
- Additional of 25% biogas
- Reduction of 25-30% energy consumption.
4. Operation optimization, monitoring and validation:
- biogas yield
- biomass activity
- treated effluent quality
SMARTech2a: Secondary mainstream enhanced biogas recovery by polyfoam biofilter
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SMARTech2b: Secondary mainstream SCEPPHAR
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SMARTech3: Tertiary mainstream nutrient recovery by mesolite and nano ion exchange
Secondary influent 10-60 m3/day
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SMARTech5: via nitrite nitrogen removal and PHA
recovery from cellulosic sludge
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State of the art at TRL 7-8: Anoxkaldnes Cella™
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The «short-cut» SMART innovation:
• Integrate the via-nitrite nitrogen removal with the PHA recovery major interest of the water utility
• Adopt anoxic (via-nitrite) conditions to optimize energy consumptions
• Phosphorus (struvite) recovery even to support the balance of nitrogen and phosphorus to the PHA recovery
• Use of cellulosic sludge from upstream concentration
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SMARTech5: sidestream S.C.E.P.P.H.A.R.
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SMARTech 5: Pilot Scale Carbonera WWTP
0.7 kgPHA and 0.3 kgStruvite per day
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The SMART bioprocesses in the Short-Cut Enhanced Nutrients Abatement (S.C.E.N.A.) for P recovery and N
removal
Production of propionate-rich SCFA from cellulosic sludge
Nitritation in aerobic conditions (so as to also minimize N2O emissions)
Denitritation and anoxic EBPR
Sequencing Batch Reactor
Control Automation on the basis of pH, ORP and conductivity
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DYNAMIC THICEKNER
FERMENTATION
SCREW-PRESS S/L SEPARATION
BACS STORAGE
SUPERNATANTS STORAGE
VIA-NITRITE scSBR
SALSNES FILTER
S.M.A.R.T. PLANT - CARBONERA
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Full scale SCENA in Carbonera
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80-120 m3/d treated
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THERMAL HYDROLYSIS - S.C.E.N.A. IN PSEYTTALIA
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Demo scale TH-SCENA in Athens
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Development of lignocellulosic PHA biocomposites
Cellulose
/Plastic Composites
Wood/PHA Composites
Cellulose/PHA Composites
• Chemical structure & bonding • Crystalline structure • Microstructure • Bulk mechanical property • In situ mechanical property • Thermal property • Barrier property • Hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity • Biodegradability
Stiffening/Toughening
Compatibilisation Plasticisation
Functionalisation
Optimal Formulation
Post-processing of recovered cellulose and PHA for bio-composites production
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Post-precessing of cellulosic and P-rich sludges and agronomic field validation
PILOT PLANT BIODRYING
COMPOSTING
(Tech. 4a)P-rich sludge / (Tech.3) High-
nutrient content mesolites
(Tech. 1) Cellulosic sludge
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SMART-Plant Business plan and market deployment strategy
Primary licensing stream
Lever and Cross licensing stream
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End use for recovered resources fit to water utility plants
PHA / Cellulose
PHA / Cellulose
PHA PHA / Cellulose
VFA (AA, PA, BA)
Struvite P-comp
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The WATER PATHWAY (to deliver circular economy)
TRL = 8-9
but, again,
WATER-ENERGY-CARBON NEXUS!
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Source: Mc Carty – IWA-AD13
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Source: Mc Carty – IWA-AD13
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Sensitive Areas (SA) & catchments of SA
Reclamation Treatment
Marine Water
Water Reuse in Agriculture
8
Spillover
or runoff
S
T
O
R
A
G
E
9
6
Primary production from Agriculture
13
Wastewater Treatment Plant
Urban Wastewater
7
1
2
Surface WaterSensitive Areas (SA) &
catchments of SA
effluent
3
5 12
Agricultural products
irrigated with reclaimed water
Soil
Groundwater
Vulnerable Zones
4
11
Infil-tration
effluent
3
10Reclaimed
waterSpillover or
runoff
14
15
15
15
Vulnerable Zones
11
We are still targeting water reuse minimum quality standard, why?
1 Urban Wastewater
2 Wastewater treatment plant: the minimum
treatment
must be secondary to comply with UWWTD
3 Effluent from WWTP (to: groundwater /
marine water / surface water)
4 Groundwater
5 Surface Water
6 Marine Water
7 Treatment which achieve reclaimed water
quality
8 Reclaimed Water
9 Water reuse in agriculture (for Irrigation)
10 Soil
11 Vulnerable zones
12 Sensitive Areas: to N or P, or N&P
13 Agricultural products irrigated with reclaimed
water
14 Water ready for irrigation: discharge point of
treated waste water or water for agricultural
irrigation
15 Spillover, runoff, infiltration
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Main barriers towards the closed cycle
• Regulatory barriers
• Market uptake
• Customer acceptance and public perception
• Stability of the secondary raw material and chemicals characteristics
• Water utility sceptical approach towards innovation and circular economy
| LabICABSupported by the Horizon 2020
Framework Programme
of the European Union
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SMART-Plant in the 1st Innovation Deal
Addressing the barriers for water reuse with the EC
https://ec.europa.eu/research/innovation-deals/index.cfm
| LabICABSupported by the Horizon 2020
Framework Programme
of the European Union
![Page 42: Economia circolare nella gestione sostenibile delle acque ......Energy positive evolution: H2020 POWERSTEP POWERSTEP modules 1- in mainline WWTP for A-stage (C extraction) 2- in mainline](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071507/6128587967c3f40bfc4e305c/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
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Innovation deal: tasks
| LabICABSupported by the Horizon 2020
Framework Programme
of the European Union
![Page 44: Economia circolare nella gestione sostenibile delle acque ......Energy positive evolution: H2020 POWERSTEP POWERSTEP modules 1- in mainline WWTP for A-stage (C extraction) 2- in mainline](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022071507/6128587967c3f40bfc4e305c/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
SMART-Plant: we turn to golden the brown side of water
Thank you for your attention