Ecology Standards 6a. Know biodiversity is the sum total of different kinds of organisms & is...
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![Page 1: Ecology Standards 6a. Know biodiversity is the sum total of different kinds of organisms & is affected by alterations of habitats 6b. Know how to analyze.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032606/56649eb25503460f94bb917a/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecology Standards 6a. Know biodiversity is the sum total of different kinds of organisms
& is affected by alterations of habitats 6b. Know how to analyze changes in an ecosystem resulting from
changes in climate, human activity, introduction of non-native species, or changes in population size.
6c. Know how fluctuations in population size in an ecosystem are determined by the relative rates of birth, immigration, emigration & death.
6d. Know how water, carbon, & nitrogen cycle between abiotic & biotic resources and organic matter in the ecosystem & how oxygen cycles through photosynthesis & respiration.
6e. Know a vital part of an ecosystem is the stability of its producers and decomposers.
6f. Know at each link in a food web some energy is stored in newly made structures, but much energy is lost to the environment as heat, represented in an energy pyramid.
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Ecosystem Structure
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Passing of Energy
All Energy starts from the sun
Photosynthetic plants convert energy from the sun into food
The energy moves through the ecosystem as one organism eats another
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Autotrophs = Producers
An organism that converts the sun’s energy into food
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Heterotrophs = Consumers
Organisms that obtain energy by eating other organisms
Can eat plants or animals Or BOTH
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Food Chains
A model of the flow of energy through organisms in a community
Flow of energy is shown by arrows
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Transferred Energy
At each step in the food chain only 10% energy is passed to the organism
90% of the energy is lost in the form of HEAT
90%HEAT
90%HEAT
90%HEAT
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Trophic Level
A step in the transfer of energy
Producers are the 1st trophic level
** they form the base of all food chains
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Primary Consumers = Herbivores
Feed directly on producers
Make up the 2nd trophic level
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Secondary Consumers = Carnivores
Eat only meat
Feed on primary
Make up the 3rd
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Omnivores
Eat both producers and consumers
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Scavengers
Consumer that feeds on the tissue of dead animals
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Decomposers (recyclers)
Feed on wastes and dead organic matter from all trophic levels
VERY IMPORTANT Waste would pile up
without them to recycle it!
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Ecological Pyramid
Shows the relationship between producers & consumers in 3 ways: Biomass Energy # of organisms
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Biomass Pyramid
Biomass – mass of living organisms
There is less biomass as you move up trophic levels
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Energy Pyramid & 10% Law
Only 10% of energy is passed to next level
1st trophic level is important in determining the rest of the levels
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# of organism pyramid
Population of each trophic level decreases as you move up the trophic levels
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Food Web
Shows the interconnected food chains in a community or ecosystem
A lot of food chains together