Ecology Quiz Review

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What is the study of living things and how they interact with their environment?

ECOLOGY

What is the study of living things and how they interact with their environment?

Name the levels of organization of living things from smallest to biggest.

What is…

OrganismSpeciesPopulationCommunityEcosystemBiomeBiosphere

SpeciesOrganism

What is an organism?

What is an organism?

One member of a species

What is a species?

What is a species?

An organism that can reproduce and produce fertile offspring

What is a population?

What is a population?

Organisms of the same species living in the same area.

Why are you looking at

us?

What is a community?

What is a community?

All the different types of living things in an area

What is an ecosystem?

What is an ecosystem?

All the living (biotic)and non-living (abiotic) things in an area

“Abiotic”Non-Living

SunWater

Soil

“Biotic”Living

TreesDucksFish

What is a biome?

What is a biome?

Group of ecosystems with same climate, same types of living things

(plants and animals)

What is the biosphere?

What is the biosphere?

All the areas of the Earth (above, on, below surface) that contains living

things

______ is where an organism lives and gets its needs met? (example: food, air, shelter, etc.)

Habitat is where an organism lives and gets its needs met? (example: food, air, shelter, etc.)

______________ is the average temperature and precipitation in a particular area.

CLIMATE is the average temperature and precipitation in a particular area.

What make their own food?

PRODUCERSAUTOTROPHS

(PLANTS!)

What need to find and eat food?

What need to find and eat food?

Heterotrophs - Consumers

Carnivore Herbivore Omnivore

Decomposers Scavengers

What do each of these consumers eat?

Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore

Carnivore, Herbivore, Omnivore

Eats only meat

Eats only plants

Eats meat and plants

What do each of these consumers eat?

What digests and absorbs nutrients from decaying organisms?

DECOMPOSERS(Mushrooms, Bacteria)

What is an organism that eats already dead animals?

ScavengersVultures & Hyenas

We really need to thank the

lions for killing our meal!

What provides almost all the

energy in ecosystems?

THE SUN!!!!

What provides almost all the

energy in ecosystems?

What is this structure called?

Name and describe each trophic level.

How much energy is transferred from lower level to next?

What is this structure called? Energy Pyramid

Name and describe each trophic level. See labels

How much energy is transferred from lower level to next?

10%

Carnivores (eat Herbivores)

& Omnivores

Carnivores & Omnivores

What is this called?

Food Chain

Linear

Loss of one organism disrupts the chain

What is this called?

Why does the arrow point towards the consumer?

Food Web

• Shows the transfer of energy from one organism to another.

• Arrow points to mouth that does the eating. • One loss of organism does not disrupt the entire

web.

Biotic Factor means…

Abiotic Factor means…

Biotic factor means…Living factors that affect the environment or a population. Examples: disease, predators, prey

Abiotic factor means…Non-living factors that affect the environment or a population.Examples: wind, hurricane, tornado, flood

What is the human factor?

A factor caused by human actions such as pollution, all trees cut down, global

warming, making a park, or over hunting that affect the environment or a

population.

____________ is your habitat plus your role in it (a relationship)

Mother/Child or Predator/Prey

Niche is your habitat plus your role in it (a relationship)

Mother/Child or Predator/Prey

_____?______

Organisms depending on each other

SYMBIOSIS

Organisms depending on each other

Mutualism, Commensalism, Parasitism, Predation

___________ is when both organisms help each other (+/+)

Ex: Bee & FlowerLichen (algae/fungus)

Mutualism is when both organisms help each other (+/+)

Ex: Bee & FlowerLichen (algae/fungus)

_______ is when one organism gets helped and the other not affected (+/0)

(harmed or helped)

Ex: Bird nest/TreeBarnacle/Whale

Commensalism is when one organism gets helped and the other not affected

(harmed or helped) (+/0)

Ex: Bird nest/TreeBarnacle/Whale

_________ is when one benefits (parasite) and one is harmed (host) but not necessarily killed

(+/-)

Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host)

Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)

Parasitism is when one benefits (parasite) and one is harmed (host) but not necessarily killed

(+/-)Ex: Tick (parasite)/Dog(host)

Mistletoe(parasite)/Deciduous Tree(host)

What is predator vs. prey?

What is predator (lynx that kills) vs. prey (rabbit that gets killed) (+/-)

“Predation”

Be able to describe each Biome:

Tropical Rainforest

Tropical Rainforest:•Found along the

__________________• Temperature, rainfall (250cm/yr),

humidity•Very high ___________________

EQUATOR

BIODIVERSITY

Temperate Deciduous Forest

Temperate Deciduous Forests•Trees drop _________ in the fall

• 4 Seasons•Forests of maples, beeches, oaks…..•N. America, Europe, Asia

Plant Adaptations•Broad, thin leaves with large surface areas for maximum light

absorption

Animal Adaptations•High Biodiversity

•Most birds migrate to warmer climates•Some mammals drastically reduce their metabolic rate in the winter

(hibernation)

leaves

Taiga

TAIGA

Taiga

•Northern coniferous forests (Pine Trees) •Canada

•Long cold winter 6-10 months• Short growing seasons enhanced

by constant sunlight.•Snow / precipitation

Temperate Grasslands

Temperate Grasslands •Main vegetation Grasses•Very fertile soil, little rainfall•________________ common

•Few trees can survive•Root system is dense to protect from droughts•Few large herbivores•Underground Burrows

Fires

Deserts

Deserts:•Less than 25 cm rainfall per year•Spines to protect against predators – Cactus•Estivation summer sleep•Nocturnal – Awake during night/sleep during day•Absorb water from food.

Tundra

Tundra:•_____________ permanently frozen layer of

ground 6 in below the surface •Treeless

•Mosses and lichen covered rocks•Short and woody plants•Reproduce quickly in brief summer•Migratory birds•Reindeer and caribou move to find food•Small rodents burrow underground

Permafrost

________ __________ is when the area did not have any growth, begins with rocks/lava and slowly began with small plants, and eventually became a forest.

Primary Succession: is when the area did not have any growth, begins with rocks/lava and slowly began with small plants, and eventually became a forest.

________ _____ is when there was a forest and a fire or other disaster killed most but not all plants and then it re-grows into a forest again.

Secondary Succession is when there was a forest and a fire or other disaster killed most but not all plants and then it re-grows into a forest again.

A B C D

Which type of vegetation represents a climax community?

A B C D

Which type of vegetation represents a climax community?

Largest Mature Trees

Be able to: •Explain what carrying capacity is •Determine the carrying capacity of population•Explain what factors (biotic, abiotic, human) cause increases and decreases in a population

Keep studying until you get every question correct!