Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary!...
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Transcript of Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary!...
![Page 1: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecology• On the following
slides, the green sections are the summary.
• Underline words = vocabulary!
• Hyperlinks are in blue!
Background Image from National Geographic; Photograph by Stephen Toner/Getty Images
![Page 2: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Find Someone Who…1. Knows the difference between abiotic and biotic factors in
an ecosystem. 2. Knows the meaning of “autotroph” with an example. 3. Knows the meaning of “heterotroph” with an example.4. Knows the difference between herbivore and carnivore
with examples. 5. Knows the difference between mutualism versus
parasitism.
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![Page 3: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Who is Who? Consumer vs Producer
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![Page 4: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Who is Who? Predator vs Prey
Pre
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Predator
http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/03/05/most-dramatic-predatorpre_n_447712.html#s65332&title=Leopard_Seal_Eats
![Page 5: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Who is Who?Autoroph vs Herbivore
http://photography.nationalgeographic.com/photography/photo-of-the-day/gecko-palm-frond/
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![Page 6: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Who is Who?Carnivore, Herbivore vs Omnivore
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Omnivore
![Page 7: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
• The ice and steam in Iceland’s landscape (background slide) is an example of a specific environment.
![Page 8: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
What is Ecology?
• Different parts of the world have different in environments.
• In this unit, we will study the interdependence and interactions between organisms and their environment; better known as ecology.
• Everything on Earth [air, water, plants and animals] is connected.
Background Image from National Geographic; Photograph by Stephen Toner/Getty Images
![Page 9: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Knowledge CheckWhat are the
abiotic versus biotic factors in
the diagram? Turn and talk to your neighbor.
![Page 10: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Abiotic vs Biotic Factors
• Abiotic Factors – non-living things in an environment; EX soil, water, light, temperature, wind and space.
• Biotic Factors – living things in an environment; EX plants & animals.
http://www.sciencebitz.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/biotic-abiotic.gif
![Page 11: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
What is symbiosis?• Within a community of species, there are various
interactions that can exist. When two species interact closely together it is called symbiosis (which means “living together”).
• In competition, two organisms compete for limited resources [i.e. food, water, space]. – Two of the same species; EX males fighting during breeding
season. – Two different species; EX plants competing for light or space.
• In predation, one species is killed by another.
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![Page 12: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Symbiosis Cont.
• In mutualism, both species benefit from the relationship. The butterfly and the flower are helped.
• In commensalism, one member benefits and the other isn’t helped nor harmed.
• In parasitism, one organism harms another. http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://qarrtsiluni.files.wordpress.com/2007/12/asmyth4_dsc_9821-
symbiosis.jpg&imgrefurl=http://qarrtsiluni.com/2007/12/17/symbiosis/&h=426&w=640&sz=96&hl=en&start=3&um=1&tbnid=4IZ__26Bk7ZjTM:&tbnh=91&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dsymbiosis%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26rlz%3D1T4ADBR_enUS272US272; Photograph by Anne Morrison Smyth
![Page 13: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Find Someone Who…1. Can name an
autotroph in the diagram to the left.
2. Can name a heterotroph in the diagram.
3. Can name a herbivore in the diagram.
4. Can name a carnivore in the diagram.
5. Can name an omnivore in the diagram.
6. Knows if there is a decomposer in the diagram.
![Page 14: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
What is an autotroph?• “Self feeding “ organisms
that capture energy from sunlight are called autotrophs (they automatically make their food)– EX plants, algae &
bacteria• AKA producers. • All other organisms
somehow depend on the producers somehow.
http://www.vtaide.com/png/foodchains.htm
![Page 15: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
• “Feeding” organisms that have to eat are called heterotrophs (AKA consumers).
• Types of consumers include:– Herbivores – obtain energy by eating plants. (deer,
caterpillars)– Carnivores – obtain energy by eating heterotrophs.
(snakes, tigers)
What is a heterotroph?
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/images/foodchain/fullchain.gif
![Page 16: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
• Omnivores – obtain energy by eating both plants and animals (humans, bears)
• Saprobes:– Detritvores – obtain energy by eating dead
organisms (vultures, buzzards)– Decomposers – obtain energy by breaking
down organic matter (bacteria, fungi)
Heterotrophs Cont.
http://www.sheppardsoftware.com/content/animals/kidscorner/images/foodchain/fullchain.gif
![Page 17: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Energy Flow
• Food chains show the pathway for the transfer of energy. Arrows show the movement of energy (from the grass, to the grasshopper)– A producer always starts a food chain.
http://www.jenningsk12.net/WE/peimann/Science/FoodChains/food_chain.jpe
![Page 18: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
• Food webs are the interconnected food chains in a community.– They usually
show more detailed relationships.
http://www.agen.ufl.edu/~chyn/age2062/lect/lect_28/40_07.GIF
Energy Flow Cont.
![Page 19: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Knowledge CheckIf the insects in the ecosystem were removed because of insecticides, would it be a problem for the ravens? Would other species be affected too?
Turn and talk to your neighbor.
https://www.msu.edu/course/isb/202/snapshot.afs/tsao/images/foodweb.jpg
![Page 20: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
How is this diagram different from the other diagrams of organisms in the ecosystem? Why is it formatted in this way? Turn and talk to your neighbor.
"Ecological Pyramid." Science Online. Facts On File, Inc. Web. 9 July 2014.
![Page 21: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Pyramid of Energy• Energy pyramids show
how energy moves through an ecosystem.
• Each level of the pyramid represents a trophic level.– Producers are always
at bottom (with the most energy, most biomass).
– Other organisms gain only a portion of the energy from the food they eat – most is lost as heat.
http://www.etap.org/demo/biology_files/lesson6/kep26.jpg
![Page 22: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• 1st Trophic level – at the bottom; producers, closest to the sun, most amount of energy (100%)
• 2nd Trophic Level – primary consumers, herbivores (10% of the energy)
• 3rd Trophic Level – secondary consumers, (1% of the energy)
• 4th Trophic Level – tertiary consumers, (0.1% of the energy)
http://www.arcytech.org/java/population/images/pyramid1.gif
Pyramid of Energy Cont.
![Page 23: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Knowledge CheckHeat Loss AnimationIn this example, which consumers have the least amount of energy available in the system due to the eat loss?
Turn and talk to your neighbor.
http://files5.pdesas.org/070112214159147142055010099019241217008034040146/Download.ashx?hash=2.2
![Page 24: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
The Biosphere
• Earth is divided into different spheres - the biosphere (“bio” meaning life) includes all living things; a biological community including life on land, in water, and in air.
http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Study/LivingEarth/Images/living_earth.jpg
![Page 25: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Recycling the Biosphere
• The nutrients of the Earth are constantly being recycled.
• There are specific cycles necessary for life on Earth to exist:– The Water Cycle– The Carbon
Cycle– The Nitrogen
Cycle– The
Phosphorous Cycle
http://science.nationalgeographic.com/science/photos/earth-moon-gallery.html; Photograph courtesy NASA
![Page 26: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Knowledge CheckLet us review the components of the water cycle on the diagram. What does #3 represent? #2? #4? Turn and talk to your neighbor.
http://education.jlab.org/reading/img/water_cycle_01.gif
![Page 27: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
The Water Cycle
• The water cycle is defined as the movement of water through different reservoirs on Earth in any phase (solid, liquid, gas).– #2 = Condensation– #3 = Evaporation– #4 = Precipitation
http://education.jlab.org/reading/img/water_cycle_01.gif
![Page 28: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Water Cycle Cont.• Evaporation – water changes
from liquid to gas• Transpiration – water
evaporates from the leaves of plants
• Condensation – water in the atmosphere cools to form clouds
• Precipitation – water returns to Earth’s surface in the form of rain, snow, sleet, or hail
http://www.sawater.com.au/NR/rdonlyres/657AC917-D6E3-4E55-AAD1-38119A0ACBB4/0/diag_water_cycle.gif
![Page 29: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
The Carbon Cycle
• Carbon is an important element found in living tissues – the carbon cycle is the movement of carbon through the Earth.
• You can find calcium carbonate (CaCO3) in your bones.
• Humans and other animals breathe out carbon dioxide (CO2).
• Plants need CO2 for photosynthesis.
http://www.kidsgeo.com/images/carbon-cycle.gif
![Page 30: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
• Follow the arrows to show where the carbon goes within the cycle.
http://io.uwinnipeg.ca/~simmons/16cm05/1116/54-17-CarbonCycle-L.gif
![Page 31: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
The Nitrogen Cycle
• The nitrogen is another important element for life; it is found in the proteins of all organisms.
• The nitrogen cycle moves nitrogen from the environment into organisms; you can find nitrogen in water, soil, and the atmosphere.
http://sbi.oregonstate.edu/about/images/cycle.gif
![Page 32: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
What is a limiting factor?
• The type of environment in which a particular species lives is its habitat; or the place where an organism lives out its life.
• A limiting factor is a factor that limits the number of organisms in the habitat is; it can abiotic or biotic.
![Page 33: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Ecological Succession
• The natural changes that take place in a community over time is called succession.
• Succession Animation
Virginia creeper colonizing burned
forest in Sam Houston National
Forest, on Little Lake Creek Loop
Trail. Richards, Texas,
May 4, 2008 Image
![Page 34: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Succession Cont. • Primary Succession – when the first [initial]
organisms pioneer species EX lichen, mosses colonize barren land [EX glacier retreat, volcanic eruption].
http://www.sciencebitz.com/wp-content/uploads/2008/01/primary-success.jpg
![Page 35: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Succession Cont.
• Secondary Succession – the changes in a community after an event [EX forest fire].
http://m7science.wikispaces.com/file/view/Secondary_Succession.png/215427266/640x291/Secondary_Succession.png
![Page 36: Ecology On the following slides, the green sections are the summary. Underline words = vocabulary! Hyperlinks are in blue! Background Image from National.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062423/56649e885503460f94b8d572/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
• When the community of organisms becomes stable, it is a climax community.
Succession Cont.
http://bot1320.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch10/Succession.jpg