Ecology

Environmental science

Prentice Hall Science Explorer

Green book with a butterfly on it.

Chapter 1, section 1, 2,3, and Chapter 2 section1

Definitions for the entire Ecology section

• Food web• Food chain• Photosynthesis• Respiration• Predator• Energy flow• Solar energy• Chemical energy• Capacity

• Mechanical energy• Producer• Consumer• Prey• Mutualism• Parasitism• Competition• Environment

Where does the energy come from?

• The sun gives us 99% of all of our energy we use. We call it solar energy.

• Solar energy :energy from the sun, • What uses the solar energy? Producers• Producer: is an organism that can make its own food.

Consumers eat producers.• Mostly plants that create food through photosynthesis • Photosynthesis : the process in which organisms use

water sunlight and CO2 to make their own food. • Consumer: an organism that obtains energy by

feeding on other organisms.

Chapter 1 sec 1

• Everything on Earth lives in a habitat. Habitat: an environment that provides the things the organism needs to live, grow and reproduce.

• In any habitat there are two ways to classify things.– Biotic– abiotic

• Biotic: the living parts of a habitat• Abiotic : are the nonliving parts of an

organisms habitat.

Ecosystem

• What is an ecosystem?• Ecosystem: the community of organisms that

live in a particular area, along with their nonliving surroundings. The levels of an ecosystem start with– A single organism which belongs to a population

that includes other members of its species. The population belongs to a community of different species. The community and abiotic factors together form an ecosystem

Environment

• Environment : all of the conditions circumstances and influences that surround and effect an organism. – Environments dictate how and what can live

in an area. – Each environment has a certain capacity: this

is the amount of living organisms that can live in and survive off of the natural resources available in a given area.

Adapting to the environment

• Natural selection: works like this; individuals whose characteristics are best suited for their own environment tend to survive and produce offspring that are better suited to survive better than others of its kind, the offspring that inherit these characteristics pass them on and so on, in this way natural selection results in adaptations,

Adaptation

• Adaptation: the behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environment. The major obstacles that influence adaptation is competition, predation, and symbiosis.

• Competition: the struggle between organisms to survive as they attempt to use the same limited resources.

Adaptation cont

• Predation: an interaction in which one organism kills another for food.

• Predator: the organism that does the killing in the predation interaction.

• Prey: the organism that is killed in the predation interaction.

• Symbiosis: a close relationship between two species that benefits at least one of the species,

• Mutualism: a relationship between two species in which both species benefit.

• Parasitism: involves one organism living on or inside another organism and harming it.

Chapter 2 sec 1

• Food chains and food webs.

• Food chain: is a series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy.

• Food web: consist of many overlapping food chains in and ecosystem.

Food chain

Food web

Energy pyramids

What they show

• Food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids show that same thing in different ways the flow of energy in an ecosystem.

• Energy flow: the flow of energy from one trophic level to the next.

• In general only about 10% of the energy is transfer to the next level, the most energy is found at the bottom or the ________level, then the next amount is found at the _______level, the least amount of energy is found at the _______level.

Where does this energy go?

• There is a loss of 90% of energy from level to level where does it all go?

• Life function, like respiration, chemical energy , and mechanical energy. Living growing reproducing.

• Respiration: The way a cell or organism takes in oxygen uses it in chemical reaction and dispose the byproduct as carbon dioxide.

• Chemical energy: the energy that an organism gets when combing or braking down chemicals.

• Mechanical energy: kinetic or potential energy associated with the motion or position of an object.

The energy roles

• There are three jobs in an ecosystem, you are either a producer, consumer or decomposer.

• Producers= plants= are the source of all the food in an ecosystem

• Consumers= animals that eat plants and other animals.

• Decomposers= bacteria molds and fungi=are the recyclers of an ecosystem, returning the waste back to the ecosystem.

Ecology quiz

• 1. How many level are in the energy pyramid?

• 2. what are the three job in an ecosystem, give examples of each.

• 3. what is the difference between a food web and a food chain?

Quiz continued

• 4. what process do plants use to make food, and how many things do they need to make the food, and what are those things?

• 5. what is name given to plants in an ecosystem?

• 6. describe for me what does adaptation mean?

Quiz end

• 7. what do food chains, food webs, and energy pyramids have in common?

• 8.How much energy is passes from one level to the next in a food pyramid, how much energy is lost and where does it go?

• 9. what is the difference between mutualism, parasitism, symbiosis?

• 10. draw a food web with at least 4 levels, show the energy flow, and you must have at least 10 organisms.