Ecological Relationships
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Transcript of Ecological Relationships
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Ecological Ecological RelationshipsRelationships
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Reflection question using
this picture:
What are some What are some components components
withinwithin an an ecosystem?ecosystem?
How is an How is an ecosystem ecosystem
different than a different than a
community?community?
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What is an ecosystem?
– a community and its abiotic factors
What is a community?What is a community?• a group of populations
that are living and interacting with one another. They are interdependent (depend on one another)
• a group of organisms of the
same species that live in the
same area
What is a population?What is a population?
Communities are the building blocks of Communities are the building blocks of ecosystemsecosystems
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Do you remember what an Do you remember what an abiotic factor is?abiotic factor is?
http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://images.tutorvista.com/content/feed/tvcs/biotic-abiotic_0.gif&imgrefurl=http://www.tutorvista.com/biology/abiotic-factors-of-the-tundra&h=450&w=501&sz=19&tbnid=SYQkkfMdj84QxM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=100&prev=/search%3Fq%3Dabiotic%2Bfactors%26tbm%3Disch%26tbo%3Du&zoom=1&q=abiotic+factors&usg=__3qTZObCF00i3HUSdOjDKuwX5Pi4=&docid=nuQbIbk8ywn28M&hl=en&sa=X&ei=c10yUKCdBIS9ywGN7YCgCA&sqi=2&ved=0CGEQ9QEwBg&dur=501
non-living
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Within CommunitiesBiodiversity = the
number of species in an ecosystem
http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/about/environment/faqs/biodiversity.jpg
Territory = space claimed by an
individual organism
Ecological Equilibrium = state of
“balance” in an ecosystem
Crucial to ecosystem productivity
Required by all living things
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Ecological Relationships
http://www.cs.umbc.edu/courses/undergraduate/201/fall06/projects/p1/fox-rabbit.jpg
- an Ecological relationship is a relationship between animals and their habitat
The role in their habitat
Ex: Fox helps control small animal populations.
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• NICHENICHE – an organism’s “role” in an ecosystem (job)
• NICHE DIVERSITYNICHE DIVERSITY – Number of niches in an ecosystem; often determined by abiotic factors
A niche is the sum of all
activities and relationships a species has
while obtaining and
using resources needed to
survive and reproduce
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1. Competition:
• When species or individuals “fight” for the same resources.– E.g., Food, shelter….
• KEYSTONE PREDATOR/SPECIES -
A predator that causes a large increase in diversity of its habitat.
The “fight” may be indirect … individuals may never
directly contact each other.
Two species with Two species with similar needs for similar needs for
same limited same limited resources cannot resources cannot
coexist.coexist.
http://www.butler.edu/herbarium/prairie/prairie42004.jpg
Losing a keystone species usually disrupts many
ecological relationships.
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Herbivory:
• A primary consumer feeds on a producer.
A fruit bat eating a papaya
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2. Feeding Relationships
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2. Feeding Relationships
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• A consumer feeds on another consumer.
Predation: actively hunting your food source (carnivory)
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3. Symbiosis:
• A long-term relationship where two species live closely together and at least one benefits directly from the relationship.
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Mutualism:
• Both organisms benefit from the relationship.
• Win-Win situation!
http://tumi-educational-resources.org/Educational%20%20Videos.htm
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Commensalism• One organism
benefits, the other one is unaffected.
• Win-Neutral relationship
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Parasitism• One organism benefits, the other one
is harmed!• Win-Lose relationship• Parasites rarely kill their hosts…it
would require them to get another one!