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![Page 1: Ecological geography as a framework for a transition towards responsible fishing by Daniel Pauly Reg Watson and Villy Christensen Iceland-FAO Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eda5503460f94bea22b/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Ecological geography as a framework for a transition towards responsible fishing
by
Daniel Pauly
Reg Watsonand
Villy Christensen
Iceland-FAO Conference on
Responsible Fisheries in the Marine Ecosystem
Reykjavík, Iceland, 24-28 September 2001
![Page 2: Ecological geography as a framework for a transition towards responsible fishing by Daniel Pauly Reg Watson and Villy Christensen Iceland-FAO Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eda5503460f94bea22b/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
The fisheries of the North Atlantic are in deep trouble, as illustrated here by trends in biomass (blue) and fishing mortality (red) from single-species assessments.
Trends from R.M. Myers’online databasehttp://www.mscs.dal.ca/~myers/welcome.html
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Many believe that addressing the issues raised by these worrying trends requires, among other things, a transition towards ecosystem-based management. This itself will require :
• A definition of ecosystems ‘on the ground’, and hence,
• A return to the use of maps as tool for conceptualizing and presenting data.
![Page 4: Ecological geography as a framework for a transition towards responsible fishing by Daniel Pauly Reg Watson and Villy Christensen Iceland-FAO Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eda5503460f94bea22b/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
An early map …
Distribution of plaice in the North Sea, modified from Garstang (1909)
![Page 5: Ecological geography as a framework for a transition towards responsible fishing by Daniel Pauly Reg Watson and Villy Christensen Iceland-FAO Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eda5503460f94bea22b/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The FAO system of 18 statistical areas is useful, but too coarse for ecological work …
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The system of LME identified by K. Sherman and collaborators is perhaps more useful …
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Oceanic ‘biomes’ can also serve for global ecosystem classification
Modified from Longhurst (1998)
![Page 8: Ecological geography as a framework for a transition towards responsible fishing by Daniel Pauly Reg Watson and Villy Christensen Iceland-FAO Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eda5503460f94bea22b/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
… especially as the biogeochemical provinces in the coastal biome largely overlap with LMEs …
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The approach developed by the Sea Around Us Project for mapping fisheries (catches) uses:
• Catches by FAO area;• Distribution maps for all fish species or
groups (> 1,000) included in the FAO global catch statistics, and in national databases; and
• Rules regulating countries’ access to the EEZ.
![Page 10: Ecological geography as a framework for a transition towards responsible fishing by Daniel Pauly Reg Watson and Villy Christensen Iceland-FAO Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eda5503460f94bea22b/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Taxon (what) FAO Area (where)Country (who)
Taxon Distribution Database
Spatial ReferenceDatabase
Fishing AccessDatabase
Common spatial cells?
Assign catch to common cells
YES
Over 95% of the global marine catch has been assigned to ½ degree spatial cells so far, and we are now improving the underlying databases …
This rule-based approach is gradually being refined …
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… and has already generated interesting results …(note high values off Chinese coast)
Watson and Pauly (Nature, in press)
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Global marine catches …
Watson and Pauly (Nature, in press)
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
Glo
ba
l c
atc
h (
t ·1
06 )
Uncorrected
Corrected
Corrected, no anchoveta
El Niño event
(a)El Niño events
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We can also zoom onto the North Atlantic and show a catch map, e.g., for the 1990s.
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More interesting, however, are biomass maps for the North Atlantic. Here is the approach we used:• Re-express biomass of 18 ‘Ecopath’ models
in half degree cells using ‘Ecospace;’• Estimate parameters of a statistical model
for predicting observed biomass by half degree cells from physical (e.g., depth) and biological (e.g., catch) properties of cells;
• Predict biomasses in entire North Atlantic from properties of all (about 20,000) cells.
![Page 15: Ecological geography as a framework for a transition towards responsible fishing by Daniel Pauly Reg Watson and Villy Christensen Iceland-FAO Conference.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062518/56649eda5503460f94bea22b/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
The resulting biomass maps are illustrated here for predatory fish (TL=3.75) in the 1950s …
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… in the 1970s …
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… and in 1999 …
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… and conversely for fishing intensity (catch/biomass) in the 1950s …
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… in the 1970s …
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… and in 1999.
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Reality check: our maps, jointly, generate the same trends as the single-species assessments shown at the beginning.
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The reason for the quickly worsening situation of the North Atlantic ecosystems is on this map, where areas with no fishing whatsoever are shown in green …
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Acknowledgements… • Thanks to the Pew Charitable Trusts, Philadelphia;
• Fisheries Centre, Faculty of Graduate Studies, UBC;• Members of the Sea Around Us Project;
and many others.