Ecological Footprint Idris Said

7/24/2019 Ecological Footprint Idris Said

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ecologicalfootprintIDRIS MOHD SAIDSchool of International Tropical ForestryUniversiti Malaysia Sabah

KURSUS PENGURUSAN BIODIVERSITI DAN KONSERVASI

PUSAT KECEMERLANGAN PENGURUSAN ALAM SEKITAR,

INTAN SABAH 2-6 November 2009FIRST PRESENTED AT:


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LIFE and made from water

every living thing.

- Al Anbiya: 30


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"Only after the last tree has been cut down.

Only after the last river has been poisoned.

Only after the last fish has been caught.

Only then will you find that

MONEY CANNOT BE EATEN

CREE INDIAN

WISDOMMoney cannot be eaten


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Be cool, take your breath....

and just relax


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80 billi l i i th PHYSICAL U i


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~80 billion galaxies in the PHYSICAL Universe

100 400 billi t i th Milk W


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~100-400 billion stars in the Milky Way


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1 PROGRAM


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Tarikh / Masa 08.00 08.30 08.30 10.30 10.3011.00

11.00 13.00 13.0014.30

14.30 16.30

2 November 2009

Pendaftaran dan

Taklimat Kursus

(INTAN)

Dasar Biodiversiti Negara dan

Pelan Induk Biodiversiti

Kebangsaan

(Pn. Noraina Masduki)

MinumPagi

Pengenalan kepada Biodiversiti

dan Sistem Ekologi

(Pn. Noraina Masduki)

MakanTengahari

Pemuliharaan Biodiversiti

dan Tadbirurus

Ekosistem

Dr. Abdul Fatah Amin

Sabah Biodiversity

Centre

3 November 2009

Ecological Footprint dalam

Perancangan PembangunanMapan

(UMS)

Ecological Footprint Practicum

(UMS)Ecological Footprint

Practicum

(UMS)

4 November 2009

Pengurusan LanskapSemulajadi

(Dr. Ahmad Jailani Mohamed

Yunus)

Kesan Kemusnahan Habitat dan

Fragmetasi Hutan Keatas

Biodiversiti

(Encik Anuar Mohammad)

Pusat Penyelidikan Perhutanan

Sepilok

PerundanganKepelbagaian Biologi

(UMS)

5 November 2009Pulau Manukan

(Taman-Taman Sabah)Pulau Manukan

(Taman-Taman Sabah)Persediaan Pelan

Tindakan Konservasi

(INTAN)

6 November 2009

Pembentangan Pelan

Tindakan Konservasi

(INTAN)

Penutup dan Penyampaian Sijil

(INTAN)

KURSUS PENGURUSAN BIODIVERSITI DAN KONSERVASI

PUSAT KECEMERLANGAN PENGURUSAN ALAM SEKITAR, INTAN SABAH

2-6 November 2009


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2 MODULE

M d l 4 K E l i l F t i t d l


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Modul ini memberikan penekanan kepadakaedah ecological footprintyang merupakansatu pengukuran terhadap keperluan manusiaterhadap perkhidmatan ekosistem dunia ini.Ianya juga bertujuan untuk membandingkankeperluan manusia dan kapasiti ekologi bumi

untuk menyediakan perkhidmatannya. Ianyamengkhususkan dan mewakili keseluruhanaspek biologi yang produktif sama ada di lautdan di darat untuk menyediakan sumber yangbakal digunakan oleh manusia disamping untuk

menyerap atau menerima apa-apa sisa yangbakal ditinggalkan. Dengan penilaian ini ianyadapat menganggarkan sebanyak mana duniaatau ekosistem untuk mampu menyediakankeperluan manusia dan kehidupan lain.

Modul 4: Konsep Ecological Footprintdalam

Perancangan Pembangunan Mapan


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Modul 5: Ecological Footprint Practicum

Metodologi-metodologi yang digunakanuntuk mengukur ecological footprintadalah berbagai. Namun begitu, apa yangpenting adalah ketepatan data-datastatistik yang berkaitan supaya analisisyang dihasilkan adalah signifikan danmenggambar keadaan yang sebenar. Nilaifootprintakan dikategorikan kepada (i)karbon, (ii) makanan, (iii) tempat tinggaldan barangan dan (iv) perkhidmatan.Pengukuran ini boleh dilakukan secaramanual dengan menggunakan equationyang telah digunapakai oleh GlobalFootprint Network 2008 ataumenggunakan perisian yang berkaitan.


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The ecological footprint is a measure of human

demand on the Earth's E C O S Y S T E M S


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3 HISTORY


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THOMAS MALTHUS


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The Malthusian growth model,

sometimes called the simpleexponential growth model, is

essentially exponential growth

based on a constant rate of

compound interest. The model isnamed after the Reverend

Thomas Malthus, who authored

An Essay on the Principle of

Population, one of the earliest

and most influential books on

population.

Thomas Malthus

THOMAS MALTHUS

March 25, 2008, 2:02 pm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_growthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Essay_on_the_Principle_of_Populationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Robert_Malthushttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_growth


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, , pMalthus was right!

The Wall Street Journal has an article titled New Limits to Growth Revive Malthusian Fears, which

begins:

.Now and then across the centuries, powerful voices have warned that human activity

would overwhelm the earths resources. The Cassandras always proved wrong. Each

time, there were new resources to discover, new technologies to propel growth.

Today the old fears are back.
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB120613138379155707.htmlhttp://online.wsj.com/article/SB120613138379155707.html


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http://econlog.econlib.org/archives/2007/10/malthusian_myop.html

http://static.flatworldknowledge.

com/sites/all/files/imagecache/b

ook/30773/fwk-rittenecon-

fig33_005.jpg

?


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I think I may fairly make two postulata. First, That food isnecessary to the existence of man. Secondly, That thepassion between the sexes is necessary and will remainnearly in its present state. These two laws, ever since we

have had any knowledge of mankind, appear to have beenfixed laws of our nature, and, as we have not hitherto seenany alteration in them, we have no right to conclude thatthey will ever cease to be what they now are, without animmediate act of power in that Being who first arranged

the system of the universe, and for the advantage of hiscreatures, still executes, according to fixed laws, all itsvarious operations....Assuming then my postulata as granted, I say, that the

power of population is indefinitely greater than the powerin the earth to produce subsistence for man. Population,when unchecked, increases in a geometrical ratio.

Malthus 1798, Chapter 1

An Essay on the Principle of Population


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Rachel Carson: THE SILENT SPRING

1962

SERIOUS EFFECTS ON BIRD POPULATIONS DUE TO DDT


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3-1 limits

totogrowth

1972 Limits to Growth


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1972 Limits to Growth

CLUB OF ROME

Th Li it


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The Limits

Limits to growth include both the material and energy that

are extracted from the Earth, and the capacity of theplanet to absorb the pollutants that are generated as those

materials and energy are used.

Streams of material and energy flow from the planetarysources through the economic system to the planetary

sinks where wastes and pollutants end up.

There are limits, however, to the rates at which sources

can produce these materials and energy without harm topeople, the economy, or the earth's processes of

regeneration and regulation.

LAND


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LAND

SEA


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SEA


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LAND & SEAEvil has appeared on land and sea because of what the hands of men have earned. Al Rum: 41

LIVING ON A LANDFILL


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LIVING ON A LANDFILL

MAKING A LIVING


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MAKING A LIVING


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A NEW LIVING HABITAT


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A NEW HABITAT


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3-2 OUR

LITTLEDREAMS


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NEARER AT HOME


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K

UALAL

UMPUR


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NEXT DOOR NEIGHBOR

JAKARTA

JAKARTA


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BANGKOK


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MANILA


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SINGAPORE


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our dream home


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It may look something like this ?


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or may be like this have money will travel


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have money will travel


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Or be like the cat?

And have this! Of course


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And have this! Of course

OR THIS hmmm


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OR THIS. hmmm

OR THIS wow! I like it .


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OR THIS wow! I like it.

AND NOT THIS


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AND NOT THIS

.. ehem, ehem

AND EAT THIS ..


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AND EAT THIS ..

yeah.! Yummy!!


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AND DRINK THIS .. phew

AND SMOKE THIS ahaa?


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AND SMOKE THIS ahaa?

Or take this?

A MUST HAVE


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cannot live without it

Hobby


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Hobby


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Without this? REFUSE TO WORK!

Without this?


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Without this?

You wont last a day without it!

Of course, we must have this!


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Of course, we must have this!

Where do these things come from?


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Where do these things come from?

Natural Environment

- The Land

- The Forest

- The Sea

- The Air

- Underground Sources

CONVERTED INTO THINGS USING RESOURCES

FROM THE EARTH THROUGH TECHNOLOGY


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Our normal living habitat @ night


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New York


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London


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3.3 AT THE END OF

20

TH

CENTURY


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1997

Agenda 21


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Agenda for the 21st century!

CBD, UNFCCC, KYOTO PROTOCOL FOR A GREENER EARTH

sustainable development

Y2K


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Y2K

THE

21ST

CENTURY

Here comes the 21st century!


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911


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Af han War


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More and more destruction


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of the environment

Carbon footprint?


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Carbon footprint?


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Iraq War Pollution Equals 25 Million Cars

Just wondering


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. Just wondering


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ALTERNATIVE ENERGY?


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Asian Tsunami

Hurricane Katrina


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Note: Increased demand for tropical timber after the hurricane


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3.5 So, whereare we?

We are here


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e a e e e


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Limits to Growth: 30 Years UpdateDonella Meadows, Jorgen Randers, Dennis Meadows, 2004

1986 overshoot


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1986

25 SEPTEMBER 2009


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Doubling times: A quantity growing according to a pure exponentialgrowth equation doubles in a constant time period. There is a simple

relationship between the rate of growth in percentage terms and the


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relationship between the rate of growth in percentage terms and the

time it will take a quantity to double.

Growth Rate(% per year)

Approximate DoublingTimes

(years)

0.1 720

0.5 144

1.0 72

2.0 36

3.0 24

4.0 18

5.0 14

6.0 12

7.0 10

10.0 7


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HOW MANY PROPLE CAN THE EARTH SUPPORT?


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Estimates of the Earths human carrying capacity (looselydefined as the number of people the planet can support)

range from fewer than 1 billion to more than 1 trillion. Thisenormous spread follows from widely varying concepts,methods, and assumptions.

Most frequently, estimates fall between 4 billion and 16billion.

Counting the highest figure when an author gives a range ofpossibilities, the median estimate is 12 billion.

Counting the lowest estimate when an author gives a range,the median estimate is 7.7 billion.

The lowest and highest U.N. population projections for 2050show that within the next century, the worlds populationcould face exceedingly difficult choices in trading off humanwell-being and human numbers.

http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m4021/is_n2_v18/ai_17966623/

World Population


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YEAR POPULATION INTERVAL Croplandper capita

1600 0.5 billion

1800 1 billion 200 years


1960 3 billion 30 years 0.5 ha




[PRESENT ~6.4 billion 0.27]


China: 0.08


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cologicl

FOOTPRINT

How big is your


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How big is your

ecological footprint?


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4 ECOLOGICALFOOTPRINT


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note: THIS MOVIE USES THE FOOTPRINT (or SHOEPRINT) SYMBOL!

ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT


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The ecological footprint concept and calculationmethod was developed as the PhD dissertation of

Mathis Wackernagel, under Prof. William E. Reesat the University of British Columbia inVancouver, Canada, from 1990-1994.

The first academic publication about theecological footprint was by William Rees in 1992.

Originally, Wackernagel and Rees called theconcept "appropriated carrying capacity.

To make the idea more accessible, Rees came upwith the term "ecological footprint," inspired by acomputer technician who praised his new

computer's "small footprint on the desk. In early 1996, Wackernagel and Rees published

the book Our Ecological Footprint: ReducingHuman Impact on the Earth.


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What is an EcologicalFootprint?


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ootp t The Ecological Footprint is the

area of biologically productiveland and water required tosupport our lifestyles.

Ecological Footprint analysis canbe used as a tool to raiseawareness about the demandswe make on the environment tosupply our consumption needsand habits, and reabsorb thewastes generated from ouractivities.

Why should we calculate ourEcological Footprints?


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Ecological Footprints?

Each of us can calculate our Ecological Footprint to provide

a simple evaluation of the demands that our consumption

of energy, food, water and forest products have on the

environment.

By identifying these demands, opportunities to reduce our

individual footprints will become evident.

Once our Ecological Footprint is calculated, we will have abenchmark to set our personal footprint reduction goals

and to measure our progress when we recalculate it at a

later date.

Keep in mind that the Ecological Footprint is and ti ti f i di id l t t l


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underestimation of an individuals totalenvironmental impact, as it does not does not

directly measure impacts (e.g., human health orcosts of pollution) resulting from water pollution,smog, global warming, ozone depletion, etc.

However, we can be confident that when we shrinkour footprint we are also reducing our personalcontribution to these impacts and types ofpollution.

ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINTE i l bl f


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Environmental problems are often very

difficult to see.

They are even more difficult to prove beyond

a shadow of a doubt.

The Ecological Footprint is a tool that can helpus see a little more clearly our effect on our

planet.

Ecological FootprintA l i l f i i l d h l d d


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An ecological footprint includes the land used

to supply all our energy needs, the land used

by all the roads, buildings, parking lots, etc.

that we depend on, the land used to grow our

food, the forest land providing us with wood

and paper and the land necessary to disposeof our waste.

FOOTPRINT CATEGORIES:There are various ways of classifying categories The


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There are various ways of classifying categories. The

following categories are a set of categories used in a

standard Ecological Footprint calculation:-

1) By CONSUMPTION

carbon footprint

food footprint

housing footprint

goods and services

footprint

2) By BIOME

forest land footprint

marine fisheries

footprint

pastureland footprint

cropland footprint

Carbon uptake land; Built-up land


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There are only 15.71 global hectares available per


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http://www.myfootprint.org/en/about_the_quiz/what_it_measures/

person on a renewable basis.

This means we are overshooting the Earth'sbiological capacity by nearly 50%.

To sustain present levels of consumption, we would

need:

SOME EXAMPLES
http://www.myfootprint.org/en/about_the_quiz/what_it_measures/http://www.myfootprint.org/en/about_the_quiz/what_it_measures/


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COUNTRY (GLOBALHECTARES)

- Individualaverage

EQUIVALENT

FOOTBALLFIELDS

NUMBER

OFEARTHS

CANADA 7.8 15 4

US 10.3 19.8 5.3

AUSTRALIA 9.0 17.3 4.6

INDIA 0.8 1.5 0.4

UK 5.2 10 2.7

GERMANY 5.3 10 2.7


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An example of an ecological footprint calculation:


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http://www.buddycom.com/animal/envirimg/footprint/index.html


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(in global hectares) Footprint Country Average

Carbon Footprint 21.49 8.22


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Food Footprint 14.20 11.83

Housing Footprint 3.94 3.65

Goods and Services

Footprint12.49

1.10

My total footprint 52.12 34.8

(in global hectares) Footprint Country AverageCropland footprint 5.52 3.68

Pastureland footprint 13.04 8.41

Marine fisheries footprint 14.35 10.17

Forest land footprint 19.20 12.54

My total footprint 52.12 34.80

NUMBER OF EARTHS 3.32 2.22


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Old Figures


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MALAYSIA[2005 CALCULATION 2 1 GLOBAL HECTARES PER PERSON]


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2.1

[2005 CALCULATION: 2.1 GLOBAL HECTARES PER PERSON]

The 2.1l b l h


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Global hectare

The global hectare (gha) is a measurement ofbiocapacity ofthe entire earth - one global hectare is a measurement of the

average biocapacity of all hectare measurements of any

biologically productive areas on the planet. If you take the

sum of the world's biocapacity, then divide it by the number

hectares on the earth's surface, you get the biocapacity of one

average earth hectare. When the term 'global hectare per

person' is used, it refers to the amount of biologically

productive land and water available per person on the

planet. e.g. in 2005 there were 13.4 billion hectares ofbiologically productive land and water available and 6.5 billion

people on the planet. This is an average of 2.1 global hectares

per person.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biocapacity&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hectarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Biocapacity&action=edit&redlink=1


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Incomes of Nationsand their Footprints


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Where ecological footprints fall.

The environmental impacts of

high-(red), middle-(blue) and

low-(yellow) income nations

fall on other income tiers, as

indicated by the footprints. The

numbers are in trillions of 2005

international dollars. (Credit:Thara Srinivasan/UC Berkeley)

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080121181408.htm

and their Footprints


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FOOTPRINT CALCULATOR

PRACTICUM


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http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/calculators/

http://footprint.wwf.org.uk/

http://www.panda.org/how_you_can_help/greenliving/footprint_calculator/

http://www.myfootprint.org/en/visitor_information/

http://www.footprintnetwork.org/en/index.php/GFN/page/footprint_for_nations/

Malaysia not included

http://www.footprintcalculator.org/

WACKERNAGEL & REES


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Most ecology academicians seem to give a

hoot about tenure, publishing, and schmoozingat symposiums. We give a hoot about habitat.

What's the bottom line for biodiversity?

More species extinctions more habitat destruction for


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More species extinctions, more habitat destruction, forevery day frittered away with these silly calculations inorder to get some abstract numerical value, and forwhat?

To tell us something which everyone already knows.Ersatz concern for species extinctions at best, this

colossal waste of time continues and will continue.

Until humans begin to give a hoot about habitat andreduce their populations.

Or until there has been so much habitat lost that thepoint will have become moot -- and that time isn't faraway, it's well within the span of your lifetime.

WACKERNAGEL & REES

ERSATZ: being a usually artificial and inferior substitute or imitation

Theoryhttp://www.demesta.com/ecofoot/eng/introd.htm


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The difference between EF analysis and the classic concept

of Carrying Capacity (CC) becomes obvious when we lookat the physical units that these two concepts use.

Carrying capacity explains how many individualssustainably live in a certain spatial area, with a

corresponding unit of [individuals/area]. EF analysis, on the other hand, inverts this relationshipand use the units [area/individual], making hectares percapita a standard unit for Ecological Footprints.

The Ecological Footprint is therefore the measure of howmuch ecologically productive land and watera definedpopulation unit needs to support its currentconsumption and to take care of its wastes.

The population unit can vary from an individual, acommunity, a nation and even the whole planet.

By measuring the consumption levels and waste


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By measuring the consumption levels and wastetreatment behaviour of these populations, EF analysis

converts these measurements into land areaequivalents required for this consumption and thecorresponding waste handling.

These conversion figures are calculated in advance

through reasoning, physical measurements andprocess analysis.

However, all land areas are not similar what regardsecoproductivity.

The EF analysis takes account of these differences bydividing up land into several separate categories: fossilenergy land, arable land, pasture, forest, built-upland, and sea.

Making an EF calculation on an individual usually meansthat the consumption and waste production is measuredand summarized.


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These are then converted into land area equivalents -

different consumption goods and services need differentcombinations of different land types in order to exist.

Individual footprints doesn't take account of 'hiddenconsumption', for example the public service of military

defence. National EF analysis includes public spending, easilycalculated through national trade statistics.

National EF analysis makes one thing very clear: certain

parts of the world use up far more than the ecoproductivitydefined by these parts' geopolitical areas.

The implications are clear: we would need 3 more planetslike Earth to support a typical Western life-style over the

whole human population

English: World map of countries shaded according totheir ecological footprint in 2005 (published in 2008 by
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecological_footprinthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecological_footprint


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their ecological footprint in 2005 (published in 2008 bythe Global Footprint Network). It is measured by the

amount of global hectares that are affected by humansper capita of the country. Lighter shades denotecountries with a lower ecological footprint per capitaand darker shaded for countries with a higherecological footprint per capita. The total ecological

footprint (global hectares affected by humans) ismeasured as a total of six factors: Cropland Footprint,Grazing Footprint, Forest Footprint, Fishing GroundFootprint, Carbon Footprint and Built-up Land.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecological_footprinthttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ecological_footprint


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A fair Earthshare is the amount of land each person wouldget if all the ecologically productive land on Earth were

divided evenly among the present world population (5.6


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billion at the time of printing). [now ~6.4 billion]

If your present Earthshare were a circular island it would

have a diameter of just 128 meters.

One sixth of your island would be arable land, the rest

pasture, forest and wilderness, and built up area. Clearly, as population increases, our earthshares shrink.

Also, for each person whose Ecological Footprint exceeds

his/her fair earthshare by say, a factor of three as do North

Americans', three other people would have to contentthemselves with only a third of a share for global

sustainability.

Any volunteers?"


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Current GlobalGrowth Patterns


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Current Population - 6.14 billion (not updated)

Growth Rate - 1.3% per year

Fertility Rate - 2.8*

Numerical Increase - 77 million people per yearDoubling Time - 53 years

* Fertility rate is the average number of children a woman will have in

her lifetime given current birth rates.

Science News


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Rich Nations' Environmental Footprints Tread

Heavily On Poor Countries

ScienceDaily (Jan. 23, 2008) Theenvironmental damage caused by rich nations

disproportionately impacts poor nations andcosts them more than their combined foreigndebt, according to a first-ever globalaccounting of the dollar costs of countries'

ecological footprints.

http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/01/080121181408.htm


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DUBAI PALM ISLAND..


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http://www.panda.org/about_our_earth/all_publications/living_planet_report/linving_planet_r

eport_timeline/lp_2006/


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5 EF &development

sustainable

Sustainable development Sustainable development has been defined in

http://www.iso.org/isofocus
http://www.iso.org/isofocushttp://www.iso.org/isofocus


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many ways, but the most frequently quoted

definition is from Our Common Future, also

known as the Brundtland Report.

"Sustainable development is development that

meets the needs of the present without

i i th bilit f f t ti


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compromising the ability of future generations

to meet their own needs.

It contains within it two key concepts:

the concept of needs, in particular the

essential needs of the world's poor, to whichoverriding priority should be given; and

the idea of limitations imposed by the state of

technology and social organization on theenvironment's ability to meet present and

future needs."


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All definitions of sustainable development

require that we see the world as a system- a system that connects space; and a

system that connects time.

Which is correct?


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CONCEPT INOUR COMMON FUTURE

CONCEPT IN

ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT


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6 EF &planningsustainabledevelopment

in

PLANNING A DEVELOPMENT


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In planning a development, theaspects that are often considered are:

- Viability

- Political- Economic

- Environmental (EIA)

- Cultural

- Social BEST PRACTICE

Specific

MeasurableActionable

Realistic

Time-limited

MAINLY ENGINEERING AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS

Environmental ImpactAssessment


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Provides a sound basis for a sustainabledevelopment

Sometimes EIA is regarded as not important

(ESPECIALLY FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OFDEVELOPERS) - often treated as a formality, or

for rubberstamping of a project that has

already be decided beforehand

ECOLOGICAL FOOTPRINT FOR

PROJECT DEVELOPMENT


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PROJECT DEVELOPMENT

This is an aspect that has not been looked into

at the present time

Is it necessary?

Is it relevant?

How to implement?

CURRENT TRENDS INDEVELOPMENT


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Urbanization

Industrialization

Conversion of natural forests to other landuses

Conversion of agricultural lands for urbandevelopment

Human aspect:

- increasing population- SHARP INCREASE IN PER CAPITA DEMANDS

EF & CURRENT TRENDS Current trends lead to larger EF!


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REDUCTION OF EF Reduce population


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Reduce demands on resources

Reduce per capita consumption

Sustainable development in the true sense

Develop new EF-friendly technology! CHANGE LIFE STYLE!

- Live a simple life, be very spiritual

Reduce

Population?


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Population?

Georgia Guidestones

Elbert County, Georgia, USA

EUGENICS?


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THERE ARE SO MANY

PATHS TOO .. ???

IS THIS POSSIBLE?
http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://psi-power.com/img_7_circle_logos.gif&imgrefurl=http://psi-power.com/psi_revelation_4_diagram.htm&usg=__YFHMUik1cObWKQmi8_Xz9o_zdXA=&h=272&w=277&sz=12&hl=en&start=60&um=1&tbnid=GxfyK_9evoep5M:&tbnh=112&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnew%2Bage%2BrAINBOW%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D54%26um%3D1http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=http://psi-power.com/img_7_circle_logos.gif&imgrefurl=http://psi-power.com/psi_revelation_4_diagram.htm&usg=__YFHMUik1cObWKQmi8_Xz9o_zdXA=&h=272&w=277&sz=12&hl=en&start=60&um=1&tbnid=GxfyK_9evoep5M:&tbnh=112&tbnw=114&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dnew%2Bage%2BrAINBOW%26ndsp%3D18%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DN%26start%3D54%26um%3D1


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I cannot give the answer You cannot give an answer

WHO SHOULD BE

RESPONSIBLE?

The government or ALL OF

US?

FIKIRKAN SENDIRI!

F.O.C.


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FROMGOD

F.O.C.SUNLIGHT


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SUNLIGHT


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F.O.C.WATER LAND FOREST

F.O.C.AIR, CLOUD, SKY


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AIR, CLOUD, SKY

F.O.C.THE MOUNTAIN, THE SNOW


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,

ALL FOR FREE

HOW MANY EARTHSDO WE NEED?


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Then which of the Blessings of your

Lord will you both (jinns and men) deny?

- Al Rahman, mentioned 17 times


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BUT WHY?


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SELFISHNESS


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GREED


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Thank you

Ecological Footprint Idris Said

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