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ECOLOGIC MODEL

I. HYPOTHESIS

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disorder. It is commonly results from hyper-responsiveness of the trachea and bronchi to irritants. Inflammation causes recurrent episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chesttightness and cough, especially at night or early in the morning. These asthma episodes are associated with airflowlimitation or obstruction that is reversible either spontaneously or with treatment (Hockenberry, 2005) Bronchialasthma is the more correct name for the common form of asthma. Bronchial asthma is usually intrinsic asthma

(not allergy related, caused anything except allergy) It may inhalation of cigarette smoke or cleaning agents, chestinfection,stress, laughter, exercise, cold air, food preservatives. But it also occasionally caused by a specific allergywhich is called extrinsic astma . A foreign particle which enters the body, our immune system over reacts to thoseoften harmless items forming antibodies that defends the body from foreign substances entered.

II. PREDISPOSIONG FACTOR

III. ECOLOGIC MODEL

HOST

Age: years old

Sex: Female

Physiologic: Fatiguedue to lack of enoughsleep and rest

Family history of asthma

AGENT

Viral RespiratoryInfections suchasPneumococcusand exposure toallergen

ENVIRONMENT

PhysicalEnvironment:exposure tounhealthyenvironment

because of her occupation

BiologicEnvironment: densehuman population,

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IV. ANALYSIS

The agent-host-environment model is primarily used in predicting illness rather than promoting wellness,

although identification of risk factors that result from the interaction of agent, host, and environment are helpful inpromoting and maintaining health. Because each of the agent-host-environment factors constantly interacts withothers, health is an ever changing state. Health is seen when all three elements are in balance while illness is seenwhen one, two, or all three elements are not in balance. (Kozier and Erbs, Fundamentals of Nursing 8th editionvolume 1, Pearson 2008)

ENVIRONMENT

Exposure to unhealthyoccupation environment

Dense human populationChange in weather

AGENT

Bacteria such aspneumococcus and

Allergens

HOST

years old

Female

Fatigue

Family history of asthma

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Asthma is a complication involving environmental problems. Another factor is exposure to unhealthyenvironment in her job where transmission of the disease is more likely. In addition to that, the lack of enough sleep,stress and fatigue that she got from her work might contribute as well to her condition. In certain situation, which

our client has asthma, it increased the risk to acquire communicable diseases such as pneumonia because herimmune system has been impaired. Risk of developing some uncommon types of pneumonia may be increasedbecause the client is exposed to people who are sick such as her officemates and also her father in law, who alsohave pneumonia. And exposure to allergens such as home factors that can lead to exacerbation include dust, animaldanders and molds at any given home. In regards to client’s gender, perfumes are common cause of acute attacksin female. And other air pollutants may also damage cilia function, which is a defense against bacteria in the lungs.In the case of the client, another factor to be considered is the genetic factor. Children born to families with historyof asthma are more likely to have asthma. In relation to this, they have a history of asthma in her father side.Moreover, her illness might be the effect also of sudden changes of weather in the month of December. Althoughthese are not possible direct causes, but these may lead to the weakening of the patient’s immune system and thusincreasing the susceptibility factor of the patient to the disease.

V. CONCLUSION

It can be inferred in the statements above that the client is suffering from bronchial asthma in acuteexacerbation and community acquired pneumonia, and can be probably be caused by the lowered immune systemof the client from the identified predisposing factors. It may have been caused by the client’s exposure to unhealthyenvironment and stressed due to her occupation.

VI. RECOMMENDATON

This case presentation aims to recommend modification of lifestyle including drinking enough amount of water (at least 8 glasses) a day for water requirement increases because of fever, sweating and increase respiratoryrate. Adequate caloric and vitamin (especially Vitamin C) intake are essential since the body serves are rapidlydepleted by the increased rate of metabolism due to high body temperature and it also helps to increase theimmune system of the client against diseases. Moreover, the client must also avoid factors that could aggravate hercondition and the client should take her medications on time because it is essential for the client’s wellness. Inaddition, regular checkups would monitor the patient’s health condition and would more likely prevent theaggravation of the disease and prevention of further complications.