ECO 481: Public Choice Theory Week 5 – Part I: Free & Forced Riders Part II: Private Property Dr....
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Transcript of ECO 481: Public Choice Theory Week 5 – Part I: Free & Forced Riders Part II: Private Property Dr....
ECO 481: Public Choice Theory
Week 5 – Week 5 –
Part I: Free & Forced Part I: Free & Forced
RidersRiders
Part II: Private PropertyPart II: Private Property
Dr. Dennis Foster
The Supply The Supply ProblemProblem
• We can “imagine” the optimal level.• There still will be free riding.
• What is Q2?
• How do you decide on payment?
• Tax can’t be equal can it?
• Do we know “willingness to pay?”.
pri. benefits
costs
Quantity
$
pub. benefits
Q1 Q2
Part I: Free & Forced Riders
• In market, we adjust Q to make MB=MC.• There are very few purely public goods.• Markets try to transform in quasi-private goods.
– TV, radio, fenced in rangeland.
• Political determination of differing preferences.• Nobody gets what they want!• Probably lessens WTP.
• “If everyone is unhappy…”
The Supply ProblemThe Supply Problem
Too much or too little?Too much or too little?
• If benefits are long-run, under-provide.
• If costs are long-run, over-provide.
• If public accepts “publicness” and financing tied to production, outcome is likely close to “optimal.”
• Producers of public good biased towards too much.
– Pentagon example
– Schools and bus systems
– Goldwater report.
The Supply ProblemThe Supply Problem
• Road pricing in Hong Kong.– Singapore & London.
• Private roads- Stossel video• Private parks?
– Meteor Crater, Mt. Vernon, Grand Canyon Caverns.
• Education - vouchers as start.
• “Merit goods?”– Flagstaff: “amenities.”
Final Thought – The bankrupt city (Stockton)
PrivatizingPrivatizing
What are property What are property rights?rights?
• Attributes of economic goods– A “bundle of rights.”
• A set of behavioral rules.– Defined– Defendable– Divestible
• A human right (!)– Alchian
The case of Kuapa Pond.
Part II: Private PropertyPart II: Private Property
Property Property typestypes
• Open access common property– First come, first served.– Tragedy of the Commons
• Common property– Limited set of owners!– “Common-pool resources” & Ostrom
• Fisheries, grazing land, elephants.
• Private property– Coase Theorem, how to deal with externalities– ““Without property rights, there are only two solutions to Without property rights, there are only two solutions to
conflict over scarce resources: violence or politics.”conflict over scarce resources: violence or politics.”
Establishment of Establishment of rightsrights
• Natural rights– Locke, rights pre-date government.
• Role of gov’t. is to protect these rights.
– Ryan & rights
• Utility-based– Government regulations … taxing, banning, controlling
• AZ sales tax, kidney sales, eminent domain• Kelo v. New London (video); AZ case• Wetlands (Stossel video; 7 min. mark)• “Rent extraction” as ultimate threat.
ECO 481: Public Choice Theory
Week 5 -Week 5 -
Part I: Free & Forced RidersPart I: Free & Forced Riders
Part II: Private PropertyPart II: Private Property
Dr. Dennis Foster