ECN B4 : Dao Thanh Chung (bull@ht) Tutor : Takatoshi Kanazawa (takatosi@ht) fNode : Reducing Network...
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Transcript of ECN B4 : Dao Thanh Chung (bull@ht) Tutor : Takatoshi Kanazawa (takatosi@ht) fNode : Reducing Network...
ECN B4 : Dao Thanh Chung (bull@ht)
Tutor : Takatoshi Kanazawa (takatosi@ht)
fNode : Reducing Network Packet Transmission Overhead in Indoor
Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Networks
Graduation Thesis Final PresentationTokuda Lab
BACKGROUND
Traditional WSN deployment Because of cost and complexity of node deployment,
network deployment using a single sensor node hardware platform
Narrow monitoring Sensing ability: either temperature, humidity or fire
Heterogeneous wireless sensor network Consist of sensor nodes with different capabilities
Radio frequency, Sensing range, Hardware platform Wide monitoring
Temperature, humidity, fire, sound, etc.
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenterRedundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
2
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
2
3
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
2
34
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
2
34 5
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
2
34 5
6
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
2
34 5
6
1
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
2
34 5
6
1 2
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
2
34 5
6
1 2 3
PROBLEM DEFINITION Heterogeneous sensor nodes are required to be
deployed under the same environment Sensor nodes with different hardware platforms
cannot communicate with each other → Redundant Packet Transmission Overhead
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
Redundancy Data
Black node in the hall needs many hops (6 hops)Fire sensorTemperature sensor
2
34 5
6
1 2 3
4
PACKET TRANSMISSION OVERHEAD Experiments with 8 sensor nodes in classroom
environmentSend packets from the first node to 8th node
Increase power consumption and delay time when the number of hops rise
Consumed Power Delay time
Number of hops Number of hops
PROPOSED SOLUTION
Propose fNode Act as an intermediate node for packet
forwarding Replace redundant forwarding nodes Convert and forward packet’s format compatible
with various platforms Propose fMap Algorithm
Minimize the network packet transmission overhead Require an ideal deployment scenario of fNode
fMap algorithm estimates fNode’s positions
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenter
1
2
3 45
6Redundancy Data
Black node’s packets in the hall are transmitted by a shorter path via fNode (3 hops)
FNODE DEPLOYMENT SCENARIO
WC
HallRoom
Room
Room
RoomRoom
conference room
conference room WC
Plant SinkCenterfNode
1
23
DESIGN OF FNODE
Receive packets Convert the packet’s format Transmit converted packets
Micro Controller
A Radio Module
A Radio Module
B Radio Module
B Radio Module
Incoming packets Outgoing packets
A packets
B packets A packets
B packets
FMAP ALGORITHM
Topology after one fNode added(Find fNode position by reviewing all deployable positions)
IMPLEMENTATION In order to evaluate packet
transmission overhead Design fNode testbed
fNode testbed A laptop Sensor nodes are connected
We provide a GUI to implement fMap Java language
Sun Spot nodeIris node
Converting packets
fMap GUI
EVALUATION ENVIRONMENT
Classroom environment (20m x 30m with minor radio blocking obstacles such as desks and chairs) 2 Macbook Pro as fNode testbeds SunSpot and Iris nodes as sensor devices
7 SunSpot nodes 6 Iris motes
Deploy sensor nodes with two topologies: linear and hybrid
SunSpot node Iris mote Classroom
TESTBED TOPOLOGY
Linear topology Non-overlapping
sensing regions Hybrid topology
Overlapping sensing regions
Experimental assumption Same MTU Cover range: 5m Minor radio
blocking obstacles No wave noise
EVALUATION METHOD
Deploy the sensor nodes and a sink node with the linear and hybrid topologies 7 SunSpot and 6 Iris nodes Deploy at arbitrary positions
Measure the sum of hops, the power usage and the packet transmission latency of each node that is necessary to transmit its packets to the sink node Average of 20 times measurement
Use fMap to calculate positions of fNodes and deploy fNodes with existing sensor nodes, and perform the same measurement as above
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Total number of transmitted packets Reduced by approximately 30%
Linear Topology• 24 hops (Original) vs. 18 hops
(Using fNode): 6 hops decreased Hybrid Topology
• 30 hops (Original) vs. 20 hops (Using fNode): 10 hops decreased
POWER CONSUMPTION RESULT
Transmission Power – reduced 33-39%
Linear Topology• 688 mA (Original) vs. 448 mA
(Using fNode): decreased by 33% Hybrid Topology
• 875 mA (Original) vs. 531 mA (Using fNode): decreased by 39%
fNode’s Power comsumption = (SunSpot + Iris)/2
LATENCY RESULT
Delay time – reduced 35-50%
Linear Topology• 381 ms (Original) vs. 167 ms
(Using fNode): decreased by 50% Hybrid Topology
• 386 ms (Original) vs. 251 mA (Using fNode): decreased by 35%
Linear (50%) vs. Hybrid (35%)• Delay time
• SunSpot : 23ms• Iris mote: 4ms
• Linear relays via Iris mote more than Hybrid does
RELATED WORK A Framework for Flexible Packet Processing in
Heterogeneous Sensor Networks (M. Leogrande, C. Pastrone… at FGCN 07) Base on XML language Flexible packet processing Increase in flexibility, adaptability and extensibility However, it only focuses on processing messages Packet transmission overhead is still unsolved
Adaptive Online Energy Saving for Heterogeneous sensor networks (Qiu, J. Hu, E. Sha,at 19th IASTED ) Base on time interval Obtain the best mode assignment for each node Adjust online However, availability of WSN is decreased
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK
Propose fNode Forward packets of different communication
architecture Packet transmission overhead, power usage and
latency Reduced approximately 30%
Application areas Building management system Greenhouse management system
Evaluate the benefit of fNode is only the first step Our future work
Implement a realistic fNode Deploy under a larger scale WSN