ECM2410: Graphics and Animation

Dr. Peter Knaggs(Coordinator)

Dr. Jovisa ZunicH/282

Who and When

Lectures Lecture 1: Monday 3pm QUB/1GLecture 2: Tuesday 12-noon QUB/1G

Workshops Monday 1pm H/BlueMax Dupenois

Assessment CA 1 (15%) L02–06 TransformationsCA 2 (15%) L07–10 ClippingExamination (70%)

Administration Introduction 2/23

Who and When

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

L01 Introduction Primitives & Modelling PKL02 Java2D Transformations PKL03 Transformations Modelling and Java PKL04 Parametric Representations JZL05 Image Transforms Colour JZL06L07 Clipping Clipping PKL08 Rasterisation Rasterisation PKL09 Surface Modelling 3D Coordinate Systems JZL10 3D Rendering 3D Rendering JZL11 Animation Animation JZ

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

Hearn, Baker &Carithers

Computer Graphics(Prentice Hall)

Knudsen

Java 2D Graphics(O’Reilly)

Foley, van Dam,Feiner & Hughes

Computer Graphics:Principles and Practice(Addison-Wesley)

Books Introduction 4/23

Knudsen

More books

Computer Graphics with JavaGlenn Rowe, (Palgrave Macmillan), 2001

Computer Graphics Using Java 2D and 3DHong Zhang and Y. Daniel Liang, (Prentice Hall), 2007

3D Computer Graphics (3/e)Alan Watt, (Addison-Wesley), 2000

Computer Graphics, Mathematical First StepsPatricia Egerton and Bill Hall, (Prentice-Hall), 1998

Mathematics for Computer Graphics (3/e)John A. Vince, (Springer), 2010

Mathematical and Computer Programming Techniques for ComputerGraphicsPeter Comninos, (Springer), 2006

And many, many more, . . .Books Introduction 5/23

More books

Computer Graphics

Display of computer output information in pictorialform (as opposed to textual)either

on a visual display unitor printeror plotter

Chandor, Dictionary of computers

Computer graphics is concerned with all aspects ofproducing pictures or images using a computer

Angel, Interactive computer graphics

Computer Graphics Introduction 6/23

Computer Graphics

Examples: Films

Examples: Graphs and charts

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 100

0.04 0.06 0.08 0.1 0.12−0.2

−0.15

−0.1

−0.05

Examples: Scientific visualisation

Examples: Plans, circuit diagrams

Examples: Maps

Graphics Components

Shape of componentLines, boundariesAreas, regionsSymbols, markers, outlinesText

Appearance of componentColourSizeStyle

Graphics Components

Computer Graphics

We will not coverPainting and imaging packages (eg Photoshop)CAD packages (AutoCAD)Modelling packages (3D Studio Max, Blender)Rendering packages (Renderman)Graphics APIs (OpenGL)

We will look atGraphics program constructionGraphics programming algorithmsGraphics data structuresGeometry and representing graphical objectsBasic Animation

This Module Introduction 13/23

Computer Graphics

Vector drawing – pen plotters

Pen is driven frompoint to point bysoftware instructionsProgramming isanalogous to manualdrawing:

moveTo(100, 100)penDown()lineTo(200, 200)lineTo(200, 100)

Raster displaysHardware

Display consists of arectangular array of pixels(picture elements) whoseintensity may be individuallyvaried.Framebuffer is an in-memorymap of the display; onememory location per pixel.Framebuffer may be addressedin any order (convenient), butis read-out to hardwaresequentially (efficient).

CoordinatesPictures/scenes specified in Cartesian coordinates (infiniteprecision), drawn on finite resolution displays.

RasterisationAlgorithms to convert infinite precision into pixels.

Coordinates and points

Cartesian coordinates

The Point class represents a 2-dimensional point or vector:a = new Point2D.Double(3.0, 2.0);double ax = a.getX(); // 3.0double ay = a.getY(); // 2.0

Coordinates, primitives & attributes Introduction 16/23

Geometrical primitives

Objects are built from primitives

Ideal mathematical objectsSpecified by location anddimensionThought of as having zero width– rendered with attributesSimple, usually reflectinghardware capabilitiesPoint, line, boundary, text

Point Line

Boundary

Recent APIs regard complicated shapes (eg Bezier curves) asprimitivesKnudsen for details of Java primitives

Point Line

Boundary

Point Line

Boundary

Point Line

Boundary

Point Line

Boundary

Point Line

Boundary

Point Line

Boundary

Point Line

Boundary

Point Line

Boundary

Primitives: Points

Primitive specification(x , y) coordinates of the point

Attributes

LinewidthColourSymbol

(x , y)

Primitives: Points

Attributes

(x , y)

Primitives: Points

Attributes

(x , y)

Primitives: Points

Attributes

(x , y)

Primitives: Points

Attributes

(x , y)

Primitives: Points

Attributes

(x , y)

Primitives: Points

Attributes

(x , y)

Primitives: Line segments

Primitive specification(x1, y1) and (x2, y2) coordinatesof the end points

AttributesLinewidthLinestyle:dashed, dotted, solid, etcColour

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

(x1, y1)

(x2, y2)

Primitives: Boundaries

Rectangles and ellipses

Primitive specification(x , y) coordinates of bottomleft-hand cornerw , h width and height ofbounding box

AttributesLinewidth of boundaryLinestyle:dashed, dotted, solid, etcColour of boundaryColour of fillFill pattern

(x , y)

Java: Lines and Circles

public Line2D.Double(double X1, double Y1, double X2, double Y2)public Line2D.Double(Point2D p1, Point2D p2);

public Ellipse2D.Double(double x, double y, double w, double h)

// Draw a red line from (10,20) to (50,100)Graphics2D g2; // Graphics contextLine2D line = new Line2D.Double(10.0, 20.0, 50.0, 100.0);g2.setPaint(Color.red); // Set the colour attributeg2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(8)); // Line width 8 pixelsg2.draw(line); // Draw it

// Draw a green ellipse with a blue border from (100,100) and (50,50)Ellipse2D el = new Ellipse2D.Double(100.0, 100.0, 50.0, 50.0);g2.setPaint(Color.blue);g2.setStroke(new BasicStroke(1)); // A very thin border (1 pixel)g2.draw(el); // Draw boundaryg2.setPaint(Color.green)g2.fill(el); // Fill interior

Java Introduction 21/23

StringArt.java

What and when

Lecture 1 Lecture 2

L01 Introduction Primitives & Modelling PKL02 Java 2D Transformations PKL03 Transformations Modelling and Java PKL04 Parametric Representations JZL05 Image Transforms Colour JZL06L07 Clipping Clipping PKL08 Rasterisation Rasterisation PKL09 Surface Modelling 3D Coordinate Systems JZL10 3D Rendering 3D Rendering JZL11 Animation Animation JZ

Lecture 1: Monday, 13am, QUB/1GLecture 2: Tuesday, 12-Noon, QUB/1G

Workshop: Monday, 1pm, HAR/Blue

ECM2410: Graphics and Animation - University of...

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