EchinodermsReview

Starfish belong in the

KINGDOM _______________

PHYLUM _______________

CLASS ___________________

Animalia

Echinoderms are _________________

vertebrates invertebrates

Echinodermata

Asteroidea

invertebrates

Adult echinoderms have ______________ symmetry. no bilateral radial

radial

_____________ are organismswhose anus develops from the blastopore area in the embryo.

Deuterostomes

The ______________ stomach in a starfish is extruded out through the mouth to eat.

Cardiac

Since a starfish has NO INTESTINE,the nutrients are absorbed by the_______________digestive glands

Portion of the stomach that is connected to the anus and digestive glandsPyloric stomach

Echinoderms have an endoskeletonmade of calcium carbonate plates called _______________.ossicles

In Latin the name “echinoderm” means__________________Spiny skin

Name one of the 3 characteristics your book lists that are found only in echinoderms.

Endoskeleton made of OSSICLESWater vascular systemTube feet

Sea stars (starfish) belong to theClass _________________Asteroidea

The mouth of a starfish is locatedon the _____________ surface.oral

All of these organisms belong to the phylum _______________Echinodermata

(Echinoderms)

The small tiny pinchers at the base of the spines on the surface of a starfish are called _______________pedicillariae

Water enters the water vascularsystem through small pores in the __________________. madreporite

Starfish have _____________circulation.open

The small movable suction cupped extensions of the water vascular system which aid in locomotion and feeding are called _____________.tube feet

What is the function of the ampullae?

Squeeze to control water enteringand leaving the tube feet

The seastar can turn its ___________stomach inside out through its mouthwhen it eats.

cardiac

Compare Digestive and Nitrogen waste

DIGESTIVE WASTE

NITROGEN WASTE

Made where?

Comes from?

Removed by what body system?

Leaves body as?

In digestive tract By body cells

Digestive Excretory

Feces ammonia, urea, OR uric acid

Left over from breakdown of proteinsundigested food during metabolism

The stone canal, ring canal, and radial canal are all parts of the ________________ system.water vascular

Nutrients are absorbed in the________________in a starfish.digestive glands

Tell a function of the tube feet.LocomotionHold onto & pry open clam shellsGas exchange/remove nitrogen waste

The skin gills on the surface connect into the ___________inside.coelom

The network of water filled canals connected to the tube feet is called the _________________ system.

Water vascular

Most starfish are _______________.Carnivores herbivores omnivores

carnivores

This organ absorbs nutrients in an earthworm and a clam but is missing in starfish intestine

Echinoderms are thought to be moreclosely related to higher organisms likevertebrates because _______________their blastopore becomes the anus just like in higher organisms

The bulb-like sac at the upper end of each tube foot is called the _____________ampulla

The spines on the surface connectinto the ____________ inside.

Ossicles of the endoskeleton

Type of reproduction seen in starfish

Asexual Sexual

They can do both!

Symmetry seen in echinoderm larvae

bilateral

T or FMost echinoderms are hermaphrodites.

False, they have separate sexes.

Fertilization in echinoderms is_______________External internal

external

Seastars “breathe” by exchanginggases through their _____________________________.

skin gills and skin on their tube feet

Echinoderms are missing all of theseorgans except ____________.

Circulatory excretory respiratory digestive

digestive

Name one of the parts of the nervous system in a starfish.

Nerve ring or radial nerve

The ability of starfish to regrowlost arms is called ________________.regeneration

Type of symmetry seen in echinoderm larva

bilateral

General term for reproductive organs

gonads

The tube that connects the madreporite to the ring canal is the ____________________stone canal

The surface of a starfish oppositefrom the mouth is the _____________Surface.

aboral

The digestive glands connect to the __________________ stomach.pyloric

The ___________________ stomach is extruded out of the mouth during feeding

cardiac

What is the function of thepedicillariae?

Keep surface of starfish free ofalgae and small organisms that might damage or block it

Starfish have _____________ at the ends of each arm that can sense light and dark

eyespots

The anus and madreporite are on the ____________ surface of a starfish.aboral

Echinoderms are _______________

Protostomes Deuterostomes

deuterostomes

Starfish absorb oxygen through their

_______________ and the surface of their _________________Skin gills

Name a part of the nervous system in a starfish

Tube feet

Nerve ring, radial nerves, nerve net, eyespots

Organisms in which the

blastopore becomes the anus are called __________________deuterostomes

Special kind ofradial symmetryseen is 5 armed starfish pentaradial

Body part used in respiration in a starfishSkin gills

Which of the following is true about the circulatory system in a starfish?

Aortic arches surround the digestive system & pump blood A heart surrounded by a pericardial cavity pumps hemolymph No heart or blood vessels. Fluid in the coelom bathes and distributes nutrients & oxygen

No heart or blood vessels. Fluid circulates in the coelom

Name a part of the digestive systemin a starfish

Mouth, pyloric stomach, cardiac stomach,digestive glands, anus

All echinoderms are MARINE.That means they ____________. have military-like camouflage live in the ocean march in lines like soldiers stay in one place

live in oceans

Tell the body system each part belongs to:

Madreporite _____________________

Nerve ring _____________________

Ring canal ______________________

Ossicles ______________________

Gonads ______________________

Skin gills ______________________

Cardiac stomach ___________________

Water vascular

nervousWater vascular

SkeletalReproductiveRespiratory/excretory

Digestive

Main body part used in respiration in a starfishSkin gills

Spines on the surface connectto the ________________ underneath.ossicles

Trace the path that water follows in the water vascular system:

Madreporite

_____________________

_____________________

_____________________

tube feet

Stone canal

Ring canal

Radial canal (or abulacral canal)

The digestive glands connect to the __________________ stomach.pyloric

Type of symmetry seen in this echinoderm

radial

Name a body system that is missing in starfish Excretory

RespiratoryCirculatory

Echinoderms are _________________

acoelomates Pseudocoelomates eucoelomates

eucoelomates

Name 6 characteristics of EchinodermsEucoelomatesInvertebratesDeuterostomesSpiny skinWater vascular system with tube feetEndoskeleton made of ossiclesRadial symmetryBipinnaria larvamarine

I’d say pretty good!What are the odds you will see a question like this on the test?

Type of larva found in echinodermsThis one!

trochophorebipinnaria

Tube feet are found along the

__________________ groove.ambulacral

When you cut into the starfish, thespace you see around the internal organs is the ______________

Mantle pseudocoelom coelom pericardialcavity cavity

coelom

The ventral surface is also called the _______ surface.oral

TRUE or FALSEStarfish are hermaphrodites

False. They have separate sexes

spinesThe blue structures are _____________for _____________________.The red structures are ____________for ____________________The green structure is a _____________for _________________________

protection

This diagram represents the 3 structures you learned about on the surface of a starfish.

Skin gills

Exchanging gases/removing nitrogen waste

pedicellaria

keeping the surface free of organisms

Tell the function of each part:

Opening for water vascular system _____________________

Absorb nutrients _____________________Connect madreporite to ring canal ______________________Plates that fuse to form

skeleton ______________________Make sperm or eggs _________________Exchange gases and get rid of nitrogen waste _________________

madreporiteDigestive glands

Stone canal

ossiclesgonads

Skin gills

Tell the function of each part:

Keep skin free of organisms _____________________

Extruded out throughmouth during feeding ________________

Stomach that connects to digestive glands ______________________

Squeeze to move water

up and down in tube feet _________________

Spikes on surface for protection _____________

pedicellariae

Cardiac stomach

Pyloric stomach

ampullaespines

A

C

B

D

E

F

A = _________________ E = ___________________B = _________________ F = ___________________C = _________________D = _________________

MADREPORITESTONE CANALRING CANALRADIAL CANAL

AMPULLAETUBE FEET

What do the typhlosole in an earthworm, the ridges on the gills in a clam, and the skin gills of a starfish have in common?

All are structures used to INCREASE SURFACE AREA

Asteroidea comes from the Latin word meaning _______________star

The only invertebrates that are NOT PROTOSTOMES are the _________________________echinoderms

What is the plural of pedicellaria?

pedicellariae

All echinoderms are MARINE. This means they _______________Live in salt water (oceans)

How is reproduction in a starfish different from that of an earthworm?

Earthworms= hermaphrodites

Starfish= separate sexes; can use regeneration for asexual reproduction

Explain how diffusion is important to starfish

Diffusion of gas molecules from high concentration to low concentration is what causes gas exchange for breathing

Which of the following is an echinoderm larva?

A B

B: Echinoderms have a: BIPINNARIA larva with wings

Tell one way the starfish are similar to

clams.Both have: NO CEPHALIZATION Open circulation (NO blood vessels) eucoelomates invertebrates separate sexes sexual reproduction with external fertilization (marine clams) indirect development (start as larva) have digestive gland that makes bile and absorbs nutrients have stomach attached to digestive gland

Tell one way the starfish are DIFFERENT FROM clams.

Clams: Starfish:Protostomes DeuterostomesHave an intestine No intestineHeart pumps hemolymph No heartGills exchange gases Gases exchanged thru skin gillsKidney to remove nitrogen no excretory organs/ nitrogen waste out thru skin gills ------- water vascular systemShell for protection endoskeleton/spines for protectionFilter feeders carnivoressome have internal fertilization external fertilization (freshwater clams)Sexual reproduction only Can do sexual/asexual reprod.

Tell one way the starfish are similar to

earthworms.

Both have: true coelomates invertebrates

sexual reproduction external fertilization

Tell one way the starfish are DIFFERENT FROM earthworms.

Earthworms: Starfish:Protostomes DeuterostomesIntestine to absorb nutrients digestive glands absorb nutrientsHeart (aortic arches) pumps blood No heartNephridia to remove nitrogen no excretory organs/ nitrogen waste out thru skin gills ------- water vascular systemHydrostatic skeleton endoskeleton/spines for protectionClosed circulation Open circulationDirect development Indirect developmentCerebral ganglia/nerve cord Nerve ring, radial nerves, ganglia

Why are echinoderms thought to have evolved from a bilaterally symmetrical ancestor?

They have a bilaterally symmetrical larva

Which 2 structures you learned about are contained within the ambulacral ridge?

Radial nerve & radial canal

Name another echinoderm besides a starfish.

Sea lily, feather star, brittle star, sea urchin,Basket star, sand dollar, sea cucumber

Starfish have __________development.

direct indirect

indirect

They start out as a larva that looks different from the adult.

Name one of the structures found on the surface of a starfish and tell its function.

Spines- protectionPedicellaria-pinchers that keep surface clear of organismsSkin gills- exchange gases/remove nitrogen waste

True OR FalseSea stars can reproduce both sexually and asexually. TRUE

They have separate sexes and can use regeneration.

A sea star’s nervous system does NOT include ______________

Nerve ring nerve net radial nerves cerebral ganglia

a brain

Explain how a mollusk trochophore larva is different from an echinoderm bipinnaria larva.

Trochophore larvae are egg shaped with a ring of cilia to help them swim; Bipinnaria have wings