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ENTERPRISE COMPUTINGTwo Marks Questions and Answers

UNIT I

ENTERPRISE FOUNDATIONS

1. List the primary components of an enterprise technology?Enterprise User Interface, Enterprise data enabling, Distributed Enterprise communication

enabling, Common services for Distributed Enterprise communication system ,Enterprise SystemAssurance, Enterprise web enabling and Enterprise application enabling.

2. Write down the features of object-oriented software?ClassVariable & Method

ObjectState & behavior

Visibility levelPrivate, Public & Protected Package

3. How can you provide communication services for Distributed enterprise system?Distributed enterprise system used COM, DCOM, CORBA & RMI for providing

communication services.

4. What is COM? What is the use of COM?The Component Object Model (COM) is a component software architecture that permits

applications and systems to be built from components supplied by different software vendors.

Create reusable software components

Link components together to build application

Take advantages of windows services

5. What is DCOM?

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Distributed COM (DCOM) is an extension of the Component Object Model (COM).It allowsthe client to create objects and use their methods on remote machines.

6. What is CORBA?The Common Object Reuest Broker Architecture is a standard defined by the Object

Management Group (OMG) that enables software components written in multiple computer languagesand running on multiple computer to work together .

7. What is RMI?

Java supports sockets to facilitate flexible communication between the client and serverapplications. But it reuires application level protocol to encode and decode messages which arecumbersome and error prone. Hence RPC, which abstracts the communication interface to the level ofprocedural call, RPC is a communication interface between functions not objects.

8. Define Component.

A Component is a binary unit of independent production, acuisition and deployment thatinteract to form functional systems.

9. What is the need of software components?Components are the way to go because all other engineering disciplines introduced

components as they became mature & still use them.

10.What is middleware?

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The term middleware is used to describe a broad array of tools and data that helpapplications use networked resources and services. Some tools such as authentication and directories arein all categorizations.

11.List out the benefits of components architecture?Interaction between components and their environment is regulated.

The roles of components are defined.

Tool interfaces are standardized

UI interface aspects both for end users and for assemblers are regularized.

12.What are the primary components are presented in enterprise?Physical resources and assets essential for its operation like computing euipment,

manufacturing facilities, raw materials and accounts. Users like customers, employee,contractors and partners. Enterprise information and knowledge

13.What are the outcomes produced by the primary objective of an enterprise?To scale, protect, sense changes and improve the efficiency of user DB.

To scale, protect, sense changes and improve the efficiency of resources. Toscale, protect, sense changes and improve the efficiency of usage of information and knowledge.

14.Write down the J2EE features?J2EE is a platform, the various documents and software libraries in J2EE are:

Specification, Programming Model, Platform, Reference implementation and Compatibilitytest suite.

15.What is Container? What are the facilities offered by a container?

The container is the environment in which the component operates.It provides a common set ofservices to the component hosted in it.

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The facilities offered by a container are;

J2SE platform, APIs, Java Enterprise implementations, Deployment services &Managementservices.

16.What is J2EE?J2EE is a platform (Java2 Enterprise Edition), J2EE model along with Java enterprise

technology facility in providing good user interface, database connectivity, enterprise communication

and services with assurance and web/application connectivity of the enterprise.

17.Write down the classification of component based on a container?EJB Application server ,WEB Application server, Applet client & Application client

18.What are the data used for build the enterprise applications?Database Basics

Relational Databases

Object Databases

RDBMSs Versus ODBMSs

Relational/Object Translations

CLIs

Embedded SL

ODBC

JDBC

19.List the levels of data abstraction?The lowest level of abstraction in terms of a physical data model used to represent storage of

data on physical media, including how the data is structurally related.

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The higher level of abstraction describes a logical data model (aka a conceptual data model)wherein logical-data-model entities correspond to one or more underlying physical-datamodel entitiesand their relationships.

The highest level of data abstraction is referred to as a view and corresponds to a specificcustomization of a logical data model for use by a particular enterprise user class. Data from the logicalmodel is eliminated from the view level, and new information is derived from the logical level for theview level. Many different views can exist above the logical-data-model level.

20.What is ODBMS?

ODBMS architectures for Java typically include a tool to map Java class references to databasecalls. This mapping tool is usually either baked into a modified JVM or external to a JVM and used as apost-compiler.

Object database management systems are DBMSs that allow one to directly store and retrieveobjects to and from a database. An ODBMS stores class attributes and relations in such a way thatdatabase operations can be accomplished in a manner that is most natural to the object- orientedprogrammer. Thus, in the case of Java, Java objects can be saved to an ODBMS by one JVM and laterretrieved by another JVM.

21.What is CLIs?

A Call Level Interface (CLI) represents a functional call API to a database. CLI calls can be madedirectly to an underlying database driver or can be remotely invoked over a network.

22.How do you define CLIs interface in X/Open SL?

The X/Open SL CLI interfaces define function calls at the level of allocating and deallocating

system resources, controlling database connections, obtaining database status informa tion, executingdynamic SL statements, and controlling transactions.

23.What is interface?

Interfaces are the means by which the components connect. Technically, an interface is a set ofnamed operations that can be invoked by clients. An interface specifies the semantics of the operations.The specification serves for both client and provider.

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24.What is ODBC and JDBC?ODBC applications depend only on the ODBC API and the SL standard. SL statements are

submitted to ODBC API calls, and results are retrieved using standard ODBC API constructs. The ODBCAPI is defined in terms of the C programming language. The ODBC API communicates with anunderlying ODBC driver manager that loads an appropriate ODBC driver as specified by the ODBC APIclient application. ODBC drivers are code libraries that adhere to a standard ODBC service-providerinterface. The ODBC service provider interface is implemented by ODBC driver vendors to map standard

ODBC calls to database-vendorspecific calls. ODBC drivers may call the database directly via a CLI orvia some networking protocol.

JDBC has a basic architecture philosophy similar to the ODBC architecture. That is, JDBC hasa standard JDBC API which communicates with a JDBC driver manager that loads JDBC drivers. JDBCdrivers implement a JDBC service-provider interface and map standard JDBC calls into database vendorspecific calls.

25.What are types available in driver?Two tier and Three tier.

UNIT II

DISTRIBUTED ENTERPRISE COMMUNICATIONS ENABLING

Two Marks Questions And Answers

1. What is distributed system?

A distributed system in the context of information technology is a system composed of manyphysically independent computing mechanisms.

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2.How can you design the distributed system?

The design of distributed systems involves the following three architectural dimensions:

Infrastructure service dependencies. This dimension emphasizes the role of system servicecomponents in supporting distributed solutions.

Logical tiers. This dimension emphasizes the logical and physical independence ofsolution components for the purpose of deploying them across a network or Internet environment.uality of service. This dimension emphasizes how uality of service reuirements, such as availability,security, scalability, and serviceability, are achieved, including the role of service uality components .

3.What are the packages are available in CORBA application?

packageorg.omg.CORBA packageorg.omg.PortableServer packageorg.omg.CosNaming packagejavax.rmi.CORBA packagejavax.rmi (with link to class PortableRemoteObject

4.What is RMI-IIOP?RMI-IIOP provides flexibility by allowing developers to pass any Java object between application

components either by reference or by value.RMI-IIOP combines the best features of Java Remote MethodInvocation (RMI) with the best features of CORBA.

5.What is OMG?The OMG is the official source of information for all CORBA and IIOP related information. The

CORBA 2.3.1 Specification is available electronically fromformal/9910-07. The URLs for the CORBAspecifications may change. If this link is broken, link to http://www.omg.org and search thespecifications.

6.What are JRMP and IIOP?
http://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CORBA/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CORBA/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CORBA/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/PortableServer/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/PortableServer/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/PortableServer/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CosNaming/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CosNaming/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CosNaming/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/CORBA/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/CORBA/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/CORBA/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/package-summary.htmlhttp://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?formal/99-10-07http://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/CORBA/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/javax/rmi/CORBA/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CosNaming/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CosNaming/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/PortableServer/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/PortableServer/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CORBA/package-summary.htmlhttp://download-llnw.oracle.com/docs/cd/E17476_01/javase/1.4.2/docs/api/org/omg/CORBA/package-summary.html

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You can choose to work completely within the Java programming language using the Java RemoteMethod Protocol (JRMP) as the transport, or work with other CORBAcompliant programming languagesusing the Internet InterORB Protocol (IIOP).

7.What is rmic?rmic generates stubs, skeletons, ties for remote objects using either the JRMP or IIOP protocols.

Also generates OMG IDL.he rmic compiler generates stub, and skeleton class files (JRMP protocol), and

stub and tie class files (IIOP protocol) for remote objects. These classes files are generated from thecompiled Java programming language classes that contain remote object implementations. A remoteobject is one that implements the interface java.rmi.Remote.

8.What is RMI?Java Remote Method Invocation (Java RMI) enables the programmer to create distributed Java

technology-based to Java technology-based applications, in which the methods of remote Java objectscan be invoked from other Java virtual machines*, possibly on different hosts. RMI uses objectserialization to marshal and unmarshal parameters and does not truncate types, supporting true object-

oriented polymorphism.

9.What is JNDI? What is the use of J2EE Technology?The Java Naming and Directory Interface (JNDI) is part of the Java platform, providing

applications based on Java technology with a unified interface to multiple naming and directory services.You can build powerful and portable directory-enabled applications using this industry standard.

Naming and directory services play a vital role in intranets and the Internet by providing network-wide sharing of a variety of information about users, machines, networks, services, and applications.

JNDI and Java EE Technologies

JNDI works in concert with other technologies in theJava Platform, Enterprise Edition (Java EE)to organize and locate components in a distributed computing environment.

10.What is RMI registry?
http://java.sun.com/javaee/index.jsphttp://java.sun.com/javaee/index.jsphttp://java.sun.com/javaee/index.jsphttp://java.sun.com/javaee/index.jsphttp://java.sun.com/javaee/index.jsphttp://java.sun.com/javaee/index.jsphttp://java.sun.com/javaee/index.jsp

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An RMI registry and its services. This resource is used to register services with an RMI Registry.The Registry is either on localhost, in which case it is created in the local JVM unless it already exists,or the Registry is on a remote server, in which case it is assumed that the Registry has already beenstarted.

11.What is the use of java.rmi.registry?Provides a class and two interfaces for the RMI registry. A registry is a remote object that maps

names to remote objects. A server registers its remote objects with the registry so that they can be lookedup. When an object wants to invoke a method on a remote object, it must first lookup the remote object

using its name. The registry returns to the calling object a reference to the remote object, using which aremote method can be invoked.

12.Write down the reason while remote computer initiate the error in Visual Studio using DCOMcommunication?

A DCOM error occurred when the remote machine tried to communicate with the local machine.The local machine is the machine that is running Visual Studio. This error can occur for several reasons:

The local machine has a firewall enabled. Windows authentication from the remote machine to the local machine is not working.

13.How can you rectify the error while DCOM communication in Visual Studio?

To correct this error

1.If the local machine has Windows Firewall enabled, seeHow to: Set Up Remote Debugging forinstructions about how to configure the firewall for local debugging.

2.Test Windows authentication by trying to open a file share on the local machine from the remoteserver.

3.To restore Windows authentication, try rebooting both machines. Examine event logs on localand remote machines for Kerberos errors and contact domain administrators for known problems.

14.What is ORB?Short for Object Reuest Broker, a component in the CORBAprogramming model that acts as themiddlewarebetween clients andservers. In the CORBA model, a client can reuest a service without
http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bt727f1t.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bt727f1t.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bt727f1t.aspxhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/component.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/component.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/CORBA.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/CORBA.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/middleware.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/middleware.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/client.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/client.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/server.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/server.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/server.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/server.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/server.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/client.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/client.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/middleware.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/middleware.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/CORBA.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/CORBA.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/component.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/component.htmlhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bt727f1t.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bt727f1t.aspxhttp://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bt727f1t.aspx

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knowing anything about what servers are attached to thenetwork. The various ORBs receive the reuests,forward them to the appropriate servers, and then hand the results back to the client.

15.What is orb software?Orb isfreewarestreaming software that enables users to remotely access all their personal digital

media files including pictures, music, videos, webcams and television. It can be used from any Internet-enabled device, including laptops,pocket PC,[2]smart phones,PS3[3], Xbox 360[4]andWii[5]videogame consoles. It is edited byOrb NetworksofEmeryville, California.

16.What is the use of network client?The network client is thus composed of the network-client application code and communications

code as usual. However,we will also be examining architecture

types of network client:

TCP/IP clients, HTTP clients, RMI clients, DCOM clients and CORBA clients

17.What is the use of network server?The network server application code uses whichever communications code implements the

particular communications protocol being used. Different implementations of theapplication/communications interface layer.

types of network server:

TCP/IP server, HTTP server, RMI server, DCOM server and CORBA server

18.List the solution for creating distributed applications programs by using Java?Java RMI Technology

Java IDL Technology

EJB Technology

19.What are the steps are involved in the creation of an RMI system?
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/network.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/network.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/network.htmlhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_Mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_Mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_Mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_%28software%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_%28software%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_360http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_360http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consoleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consoleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeryville,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeryville,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeryville,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeryville,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emeryville,_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_Networkshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consoleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Video_game_consoleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_360http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_360http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xbox_360http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PS3http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smartphoneshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_%28software%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orb_%28software%29#cite_note-1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket_PChttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_Mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_Mediahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewarehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freewarehttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/network.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/O/network.html

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Create a Remote Interface

Create a class that implements the remote interface

Create a client that connects to the server object using Naming.Lookup()

20.What are the rules followed in the creation of the remote interface?

The network interface must be declared public when the client is in a different package asthe remote interface.

The remote interface must extend the java.rmi. RemoteInterface

Each method must declare java.rmi. RemoteException in its throws clause ,in addition to anyapplication specific exception.

The data type of any remote object that is passed as an argument or return

value must be declared as the remote interface type and not as the implementation class.

21.What are the mechanisms provided by DCOM during the client specify the remoteserver when object is created?

Server name is specified using fixed configuration in the system registry or in the DCOM classstore.

Server name is passed as an explicit parameter to object creates functions in core library.

Persistent naming using Monikers

22.List the advantages of cluster services in DCOM?Improved Availability

Increased scalability

Improved manageability

Improved performance

Improved ratability

Better price / performance ratio

23: List the three basic layer in DCOM and their functionalities?

Top LayerBasic programming architecture, It describes the clients reuest and creation of objectinstances in the server transparent to the client.

Middle Layer- Consists of the remoting architecture, It takes care of sending data

across different address using process such as marshalling and un marshalling.

Bottom Layer- Wire protocol architecture, which further extends the remoting

architecture to work across different machines.

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24: What way a remote objects communicate in DCOM?

DCOM also called as COM on the wire supports remoting objects by using Object RemoteProcedural Call (ORPC) Protocol.

25: What types of security providers can DCOM Maintain?

DCOM Maintains ACL for component that indicates which users or group of users have the rightto access a component of a certain class. These lists can easily be configured using DCOM configuration

tool (DCOMCNFG) or programmatically using the Windows NT registry security functions

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13

ENTERPRISE COMPUTING

UNIT III

SERVICES FOR DISTRIBUTED ENTERPRISE SYSTEMS

Two Marks Questions and Answers1. Who should use JNDI?

Any Java application that needs to access information about users, machines, networks, andservices. User information includes security credentials, phone numbers, electronic and postal mailaddresses, and application preferences. Machine information includes network addresses, machineconfigurations, etc. In addition, any Java application that needs to either export objects or access objectsexported by other applications and services. Examples include printers, calendars, and networked filesystems.

2.How does JNDI relate to LDAP?

JNDI provides an excellent object-oriented abstraction of directory and naming. Developers usingJNDI can produce ueries that use LDAP or other access protocols to retrieve results; however, they arenot limited to LDAP nor do they have to develop their applications wired to LDAP. JNDI supports thekey capabilities in LDAP v3.

3. How does JNDI relate to Netscape's Java LDAP API?

Netscape's API is LDAP-specific. It is used for low-level access to LDAP directories. It exposesdetails about the protocol that applications typically do not need to know.

JNDI is a generic directory API for Java programs. It is analogous to the java.io.File class for accessingfiles. There might be some administrative programs that need to manipulate a file at the protocol level

(such as NFS), but typically all Java applications use the File class to access to file system. Similarly,most Java programs should use JNDI to access directories. Applications that need to manipulate directorycontent at the protocol level may choose to use Netscape's API.

4.How does JNDI relate to OMG's CORBA standards for naming?

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A Java CORBA application can use JNDI to access to the CORBA (COS) name service, as wellas other naming and directory services. It offers the application one interface for accessing all thesenaming and directory services.

Using JNDI also paves the way for Java CORBA applications to use a distributed enterprise-levelservice like LDAP to store object references.

5.How does JNDI relate to Microsoft's ADSI?

The Java ADSI package allows Java programs to access Active Directory based on the COMmodel. Although it can be used to access other directories, it is a Windowscentric solution.

JNDI offers Java applications, regardless of whether they're running on Windows or accessing ActiveDirectory, to access directories using the Java object model. For example, you can manipulate objectssuch as AWT and JavaBeans components, bind them into the directory, and look them back up withouthaving to do any translation or deal with data representation issues.

6.What is the Java Message Service?

The Java Message Service (JMS) API is an API for accessing enterprise messaging systems. It ispart of theJava 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE).

The Java Message Service makes it easy to write business applications that asynchronously send

and receive critical business data and events.

The Java Message Service defines a common enterprise messaging API that is designed to beeasily and efficiently supported by a wide range of enterprise messaging products.

The Java Message Service supports both message ueueing and publish-subscribe styles ofmessaging.

7. Is the Java Message Service a product?

No, the Java Message Service is the specification of a common API for enterprise messaging. AJMS provider supplied by an enterprise messaging vendor is reuired to use it.

8.What is compelling about the Java Message Service?

The Java Message Service is compelling for these reasons:

It is the first enterprise messaging API that has achieved wide industry support. It simplifies the development of enterprise applications by providing standard messaging concepts

and conventions that apply across a wide range of enterprise messaging systems.
http://java.sun.com/j2eehttp://java.sun.com/j2eehttp://java.sun.com/j2eehttp://java.sun.com/j2eehttp://java.sun.com/j2ee

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It leverages existing, enterprise-proven messaging systems.9.What is the relationship between the Java Message Service and the Java Naming andDirectoryInterface(JNDI)API?

The JMS API, like the other Java Enterprise APIs, uses the JNDI API for administration. TheJMS API defines ConnectionFactories and Destinations as administered objects that are configured andplaced in a JNDI naming context. JMS clients then look up and use these preconfigured objects. Thisinsures that JMS applications are easy to deploy and administer.

10.What is the relationship between the Java Message Service and the Java DataBaseConnectivity (JDBC) API?

JMS clients may also use the JDBC API. They may use both the JMS API and the JDBC API inthe same transaction. In most cases, they will achieve this automatically by implementing these clientsas enterprise beans. They may also use the Java Transaction API.

11.What is the relationship between the Java Message Service, the Java TransactionAPI, and the Java Transaction Service?

The Java Transaction API (JTA) provides a client API for delimiting distributed transactions andan API for accessing a resource's ability to participate in a distributed transaction. A JMS client may useJTA to delimit distributed transactions. A JMS provider can optionally support distributed transactionsvia JTA.

1. 12.How can youspecify a different ORB?

To use an ORB other than the Java CORBA ORB in your application, you can set theorg.omg.CORBA.ORBClass property to the ORB of your choice. For example, use code as

shown in the example to explicitly set the ORB to the ORB-implementation you would preferto use:

public class MyApp {

public static void main( String args[] ) {

Properties properties = System.getProperties();

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properties.put( "org.omg.CORBA.ORBClass",

"" );

try {

ORB orb = ORB.init( args, properties);

...

Check the vendor's documentation for information on setting properties specific to their ORBimplementation.

13.Does Java IDL contain notification/event services? an Interface Repository?

No, it does not. If you need one of these services, you can implement one, you can purchase oneoff the shelf, or you can search for one freely available to start things off with. You can plug-in 3rd partyservices such as these to the J2SE v.1.4.2 ORB using INS technology.

2. 14.What is the difference between Java IDL and Java RMI-IIOP?

This is a fundamental uestion and it's important to understand the distinction betweenthese two ways of integrating the Java programming language with CORBA.

Java IDL is for CORBA programmers who want to program in the Java programminglanguage based on interfaces defined in CORBA Interface Definition Language (IDL). Thisis "business as usual" CORBA programming, supporting the Java language in exactly thesame way as other languages like C++ or COBOL.

Java RMI-IIOP (Remote Method Invocation over Internet Inter-ORB Protocol) is fordevelopers who want to use the Java programming language to program to the Java RMIinterfaces, but use IIOP as the underlying transport. Java RMI-IIOP provides interoperabilitywith other CORBA objects implemented in various languages - but only if all the remoteinterfaces are originally defined as Java RMI interfaces. It is of particular interest toprogrammers using Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB), since the remote object model for EJB's isRMI-based.

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There are several scenarios that will define how you will want to create distributed CORBAapplications. Here are some of them:

Java IDL - If you have been developing CORBA applications using IDL for sometime, you will probably want to stay in this environment. Create the interfaces usingIDL, and define the client and server applications using the Java programminglanguage to take advantage of its "Write Once, Run Anywhere portability, its highlyproductive implementation environment, and its very robust platform.

RMI-JRMP - If all of your applications are written in the Java programming language,you will probably want to use Java RMI technology to enable communication betweenJava objects on different virtual machines and different physical machines. Using JavaRMI without its IIOP option leverages its strengths of code portability, security, andgarbage collection.

Java RMI-IIOP - If you are writing most of your new applications usingthe Java programming language, but need to maintain legacy applications written inother programming languages as well, you will probably want to use Java RMI withits IIOP compiler option.

15. Differentiate POA and BOA?

In BOA generation

1. Due to the tight coupling between the servant and the object,the creation of the servant resultsin object activation. Hence to return on OR(object reuest) to the client ,the servant is createdand maintained.

2. BOA specification does not support late binding.3. Only one servant is activated for every every CORB A object in BOA generation of OA.

In POA generation,

1. The creation of the servant and return OR are decoupled. Servant retention policy withexplicit activation is used in POA for early binding.

2. POA specification support late binding through servant managers.3. Stateless servant can be implemented by POA using a default servant to process all

reuests or by using a servant locator.

16.What is IDL?

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An interface description language (or alternately, interface definition language), or IDL for short,is a specification language used to describe a software component's interface. IDLs describe aninterface in a language-neutral way, enabling communication betweensoftware components that donot share a languagefor example, between components written inC++and components written inJava.

IDLs are commonly used inremote procedure call software. In these cases the machines ateither end of the "link" may be using differentoperating systemsand computer languages. IDLs offera bridge between the two different systems.

Software systems based on IDLs include Sun'sONC RPC, The Open Group'sDistributed

Computing Environment, IBM'sSystem Object Model, theObject Management Group'sCORBA(which implements OMG IDL, an IDL based on DCE/RPC),Facebook'sThrift andWSDL forWebservices

17.What is rmid?

The rmid tool starts the activation system daemon. The activation system daemon must be started beforeactivatable objects can be either registered with the activation system or activated in a JVM.

The daemon can be started by executing the rmid command, and specifying a securitypolicy file, as follows:

rmid -J-Djava.security.policy=rmid.policy

18.What is IMoniker?

The com.ms.com.IMoniker interface can help you interact with DCOM objects such that they willpersist their state over a series of calls. Monikers in DCOM can thus be used to obtain a

handle to an object previously instantiated. If a client has a handle to an IMoniker interface, the clientcan refer to an existing server.

An object that has a pointer to the moniker object's IMoniker interface can locate, activate,

and get access to the identified object without having any other specific information on where theobject is actually located in a distributed system.

19.What is Unknown?

Inprogramming, the IUnknowninterface is the fundamental interface in theComponent ObjectModel (COM). The publishedCOM specificationmandates that
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COM objects must minimally implement this interface. Furthermore, every other COM interfacemust be derived from Iunknown.It mainly control life time of the methods.

The IUnknown interface exposes three methods (sometimes called functions):ueryInterface, AddRef, and Release.

ueryInterface is used to obtain apointerto another interface, given aGUID that uniuely identifiesthat interface (commonly known as an interface ID, or IID). If the COM object does notimplement that interface, an E_NOINTERFACE error is returned instead.

AddRef is used by clients to indicate that a COM object is being referenced. This is necessary toensure that a COM object is not disposed prematurely.

Release is used by clients to indicate that they have finished using the COM object. Anunreferenced COM object may be safely disposed.

20.What is a type library in DCOM?

A type library (.tlb) is a binary file that stores information about a COM or DCOM object's propertiesand methods in a form that is accessible to other applications at runtime. Using a type library, anapplication or browser can determine which interfaces an object supports, and invoke an object's interfacemethods. This can occur even if the object and client applications were written in different programming

languages. The COM/DCOM run-time environment can also use a type library to provide automaticcross-apartment, cross-process, and cross-machine marshaling for interfaces described in type libraries.

21.What is server locality in DCOM?Three types of COM servers can be created based on where they sit relative to the COM clients. These

server locality types are referred to as in-process, local, or remote. Depending on the type of serverlocality desired, you will register the server differently with the Windows Registry.

In-process servers run inside of the same process as the COM client. Local serversrun in different processes from the client but on the same machine.

Remote servers are of the most interest to us here because they represent the distributedcommunications paradigm embodied by DCOM. Remote servers run on different machines across anetwork.

22.Define Messaging service?
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A messaging service is software that provides support for passing messages between distributedapplications in a reliable, asynchronous, loosely coupled, languageindependent, platformindependent,and often configurable fashion.

23.What Is Assurance?

Assurance is literally an integral part of the architecture and development of an enterprise solution.Practically speaking, it is difficult to effectively separate the provision of assurance from the development

of your enterprise systems. A very practical and comprehensive knowledge of how to build an enterprisesystem is needed to provide practical assurance solutions.

24.How can you Provide high Assurance in enterprise?

Provide the assurance for your enterprise solutions means providing a secure, reliable, available,maintainable, and perhaps safe solution.

25.Which techniues can be used for identifying assurance issues?

Following are assurance problems needing identification by the technical staff:

Security Problems: Security holes, weaknesses, and potential threats

Reliability Problems: Potential failure modes, potential bottlenecks, and code-usage assumptions Availability Problems: Potential single points of failure, denial of service possibilities, scalabilityconcerns, and codeusage assumptions

Maintainability Problems: Difficult-to-maintain designs, code dependencies, code moduleslacking encapsulation, software configuration, processing distribution, and extensibility to futuredemands

Safety Problems: Hazardous scenarios, safety-critical code modules, and fail-safe components

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UNIT IV

ENTERPRISE WEB ENABLING

Two Marks Questions and Answers

1.List out the primary role of web browser?

A Web browser is an application whose primary role is to transform GUI reuests into HTTP

reuests and to transform HTTP responses into GUI display content. HTTP reuests are, of course, sent toWeb servers, and HTTP responses are received from Web servers.

2.List out the primary role of web server?

A Web server is a server-side application whose primary role is to handle or delegate HTTP reuestsand to generate or route HTTP responses. Web servers come in various flavors and can support variousneeds. The most simplistic form of Web server may simply receive GET orPOST reuests, read a localfile based on a reuested URL, and stream the file data back to the Web client.

3.Give some example of web server?

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Netscape FastTrack Server, Netscape Enterprise Server(NES), The Microsoft InternetInformation Server (IIS), The Java Web Server (also called Jeeves), The BEA WebLogic Server and TheApache Web Server.

4.Give some example of web browser?

Netscape Navigator, Microsoft Internet Explorer and Hot Java browser.

5.What is Java Plug-in?The Java Plug-in defines an approach for enabling the use of an alternative Java runtime

environment inside of a Web browser instead of using the browser's builtin JRE. This is particularlyuseful for enabling your Web browsers used throughout an enterprise to take advantage of the latest JREplatform, APIs, and enhancements.

6.What is the form of reuest?

Reuests for Web content are cast in the form of URLs that identify remote resource mediaaccessible via the Internet. Web responses are often in the form of Web page documents with multimediaand HTML-based presentation content such as text, static and animated images, hyperlinks, GUIcomponents, audio clips, and video clips. Additionally, referenced documents of various types managedby external handlers, Java applets, and executable browser script language commands (for example,JavaScript) can also be returned in an HTTP Web response.

7.What is the use while using web browser and web server in an enterprise?

Web browsers and Web servers are the platforms used to Web enable an enterprise. Enterpriseusers utilize GUI-based Web browsers to submit Web reuests from Web servers and receive Webdocument responses that are to be displayed within the client side Web browser environment. Issues of

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security and the means by which Java applets can operate inside of a Web browser are key concerns thatcan be addressed by the enterprise systems architect via various techniues

8.What is CGI?

The Common Gateway Interface (CGI) defines a standard interface contract between a Webserver and a Web-enabled application. This interface allows Web servers to delegate the responsibilityfor generating HTTP responses to independent CGI-capable applications. Such applications can thus be

used to dynamically generateHTTP responses. This may be contrasted with a Web server's typical support for readingstatically defined HTML

9.What is the use of Scripting Languages?

Scripting languages provide another popular solution for programming both client-side andserver-side Web behavior. Scripting language Web solutions on the client side are good for performingdata and input validation and for displaying basic messages. On the server side, however, pure scripting

solutions to Web enabling have scalability, maintainability, and performance problems when used foranything besides dynamic Web presentation logic.

10.What is JavaScript?

JavaScript is a scripting language that can be run on both the client and the server side. JavaScriptwas created by Netscape with client side JavaScript executed in its Netscape Navigator Web browser andserver-side JavaScript executed in its Netscape Enterprise Server Web server. Microsoft's InternetExplorer Web browser and Internet Information Server Web server also process JavaScript but refer to it

as JScript. JavaScript is now standardized by the European Community Manufacturers Association(ECMA). Despite standardization, there are still some differences between Netscape's JavaScript andMicrosoft's JScript implementations.

11.What is the difference between Java & JavaScript?

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Despite the name and some syntactic similarities, JavaScript and Java are distinctly differentlanguages. JavaScript does, however, have some object-based support. Although support for inheritanceand encapsulation is nonexistent in JavaScript, manipulating information as objects and programmaticassociation of data and functions to objects are possible.

12. What is VBScript?

A subset of the Visual Basic programming language can also be used as a scripting language via

VBScript in both the client and the server side. VBScript is Microsoft's preferred scripting approach forWeb enabling on the client and server side. VBScript can be interpreted by the Microsoft InternetExplorer for client-side Web browser processing and using the Microsoft Internet Information Server forserver-side Web server processing. Serverside VBScript is primarily used by the Microsoft Active ServerPages technology On the client side, embedded VBScript is identified between SCRIPT tags as shownhere:

subUseVBScript_DoClick

MsgBox "DoClick from VBScript"end sub

Because VBScript leverages much of the existing developer knowledge of Visual Basic and Basic, it hassignificant developer support. The simplicity of VBScript has also enabled it to become a popular Web-enabling solution.

13.What is PERL?

The Perl language has also been used for Web enabling on the server side. Because Perl isconsidered to be a simple language to understand and has syntax familiar to many UNIX scripting gurus,it is often used for uick Web-enabling solutions. Although some support exists for calling Perl scripts

directly from within a Web server's process space (for example, the Apache Web server) as well as fromwithin an HTML document, many Web servers use Perl scripts within a CGI application.

14.What is ASP?

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Active Server Pages (ASP) is Microsoft's answer to Web-enabling applications using a server-side scripting language techniue. ASP reuires use of Microsoft's Internet

Information Server (IIS) Web server to process server-side ASP files upon a Web reuest and todynamically generate Web response content. IIS uses a special Windows platformspecific dynamic linklibrary (ASP.DLL) to process ASP files. ASP files having the .asp extension contain special ASPcommands that are processed by the IIS Web server to generate dynamic content. ASPs can be createdusing server-side scripting languages such as VBScript and JScript, although VBScript is by far the mostpopular language used in ASP implementations.

15.What is XML?

XML is a markup language used to describe how data should be represented in an I/O stream. AnXML document is a block of data structured according to the rules of XML syntax. The eXtensibleMarkup Language (XML) has uickly caught on in industry as the most widely adopted standard fordescribing and exchanging data in a platform-, language-, and protocol independent fashion.

16.How can you create a XML document?

Processing instruction, Contents, Elements, Entity, Attributes and Commands these are somestandards used to create a well defined XML document.

17.What is SAX?

The Simple API for XML (SAX) is used for parsing XML documents via a programmaticinterface implemented using a standard set of parse event listeners. SAX is an API standard that wasdeveloped by a community of individuals participating in a XML-DEV mailing list group. The standard

interfaces to SAX are defined in an org.xml.saxJava package.

18.What is DOM?

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The Document Object Model (DOM) was developed by the W3C to provide a standard set oflanguage-independent interfaces to manipulate XML and HTML documents. The standard Java-bindinginterfaces to DOM map to an org.w3c.dom Java package. Additionally, JAXP also defines a few non-DOM-standard abstractions in a javax.xml.parsers package used as a DOM parser instance factory andDOM parser class.

19.What is DTD?A Document Type Definition (DTD) is a structured collection of ASCII-based declarations which

define the semantic constraints that apply to a particular type of XML document. A DTD is essentially aset of meta-information that defines the reuired structure and characteristics of an XML document for thedocument to be considered a valid type of particular XML document. The tags reuired, relationshipsamong tags, valid attribute values, and named entities are all defined within a DTD.

20.What is Java Servlet?

Java Servlets provide one of the core means for Web-enabling enterprises using Java technology.Java Servlets are Java components that are created by developers to handle reuests and generate responsesand that adhere to a component interface standard. Although Java Servlets define a generic reuest andresponse framework paradigm, a specific extension of the framework is provided for handling HTTPreuests and generating HTTP responses via the Web. (The purpose of a servlet is to create a Web page inresponse to a client reuest).

21.What is JSP?

JavaServer Page technology provides a means for specifying special scripting languagecommands inside of a text-based document that are used on the server side to process reuests from aclient and to generate responses for the client. As is the case with Java Servlets, JSPs use HTTP as thedefault reuest/response communications paradigm and thus make JSPs ideal as a Web-enabling

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technology. HTML, XML, and other template data can be defined in a JSP and are sent directly to a Webclient without any additional processing on the server side. However, JSP scripting language commandsinserted into the same page are processed on the server side before a reuested page is delivered back to aWeb client.

22.What is XML Style Sheets?

The eXtensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) is used to describe how particular XML documents

can be transformed into other XML documents, as well as to describe how XML documents should beformatted. XSL is managed by a separate working group within the W3C. The XSL Transformations(XSLT) portion of the XSL specification defines how XML documents can be mapped into other XMLdocuments and other document formats (for example, HTML, PDF, and text). The XSL formattingportion of the XSL specification defines how XML documents can be formatted and laid out within anXML document presentation interface.

23.What is ISAPI & NSAPI?

ISAPI: The Internet Server Application Program Interface (ISAPI) defines an interface for callingMicrosoft platform DLLs to handle HTTP reuests and generate HTTP responses.

NSAPI: The Netscape Server Application Programming Interface (NSAPI) defines an interfacefor calling binary libraries to handle HTTP reuests and generate HTTP responses.

24.What is HTML?

The Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is a way to describe how information and certainuser-interface controls are to be displayed and handled within a Web browser.

25.What is the use of thread pooling in web server?

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Thread pooling is one common techniue for achieving availability and is provided by mostenterprise-class Web server environments. Pools of handler threads inside Web servers and documentserving engines are created and left in a hot state ready to handle a reuest at any moment. A managementfacility receives a client reuest and hands it off to a separate thread to manage the reuest. Thread poolsoffer an efficient means for handling reuests within a single process.


UNIT V

INTEROPERABILITYAND MULTITIER ENTERPRISE

COMPUTING

Two Marks uestions and Answers

1.Define Java Bean.Java Bean is a software component that has been designed to be reusable in a

variety of different environment.

2.What are the aspects of the bean model?EventsPropertiesIntrospection

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CustomizationPersistence

3.Give any 4 advantages of java bean?oA bean contain all the benefits of java Write once,Run anywhere

paradigm

oThe configuration settings of a bean can be saved in persistence storage andrestored at later time.

oA bean may register to receive events from other objects.oAuxillary software provided to help a person configure a bean.

4.What is the use of application builder tool?

When working with java beans, most developers use an application builder tool, a

utility that enables you to configure a ser of beans , connect them together and produce a

working application.

5.What are the major capabilities of application builder tool?A pallete is provided that lists all of the beans, as additional beans are

developed or purchased , they can be added to the palette.

A worksheet is displayed that allows the designer to layout beans in agraphical user interface. A designer may drag and drop a bean from the

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palette to this worksheet.

6.What are Events?Bean instances are potential sources or listener of specific types of events. An

assembly tool can then connect listeners to sources.

7.What is multicast and unicast semantics?Unicast semanticsAt a time, one listener is active.

Multicast semantics - All listeners are active at anytime.

8.Define property?Property is a discrete named attribute of a bean that can affect its appearance or

behaviour.

9.What are the different properties that a bean can define?

SimpleIndexedBoundConstrained

10. Differentiate between simple and indexed properties.

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11. Differentiate between bound and constrained properties.

12. What is introspection and reflection?Introspection is used to find out events methods, properties, standard interface and

classes.

Reflection is a type of event listener. It is used to analyze software components or

software.

13. Write syntax to create jar and manifest file.For jar file:

Jar cf XYZ.jar *. class *.gif

For manifest file:

Jar cfm XYZ.jar YXZ.mf *.class *.gif.

14. Write the syntax for following?i) Tabulating a contents of jar file.Jar tf XYZ.jar

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ii) Extracting the contents from jar fileJar xf XYZ.jar

15. What is the use of manifest file?Developers much provide a manifest file to indicate which of the components in a

JAR file are java beans.

16. Advantageof reflection.It allows a package (java.lang.reflect) store in class.It is used to get information at runtime.

17. Which method is used for serializes and deserializes an object.The method Externalizable is used for serializes and deserializes an object.

18. Specify the methods that are used in Externalizable interface.Void read External (object input I stream)

Throws IOException, classNotFoundException.

Void write external(object output out stream)throws to Exception.

19. What is EJB?EJB is a comprehensive technology that provides the infrastructure for building

enterprise level server side distributed java components.

20. Differentiate between java bean and EJB.Java bean approach to composition is connection-oriented programming where as

EJB to composition is conventional model of object oriented composition.

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21. Specify the varieties of bean.oSession

Stateful

Stateless

oEntityoMessage driven

22. What are the steps to create a simple bean?oCreate subdirectoryoCompile the source codeoCreate the manifest file.oCreate jar fileoRun

23. Define Enterprise Application Integration.Enterprise Application Integration is the process of fitting hardware, software, and business

processes together so that the interfaces between components become seamless, information can be

easily shared, and systems working together can achieve synergies. Business systems are living

systems, naturally integrated in the manner of social organizations. Complex and multi-textured, they

are reflected in the computer systems that evolve to automate the business process.

EC2M.pdf

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