eBooks 2012: Where Are We?

E-Books 2012: What’s on the Catwalk?

E-Books 2012: What’s on the Catwalk?

WLA Conference 2012

Colleen Major Electronic Resources Librarian Columbia University Libraries

Jeff Carroll Acting Director for Collection Development Columbia University Libraries

Publishers vs. Libraries: An E-Book Tug of War The New York Times: Stross, Randall; 12/24/2011

HarperCollins puts new limits on library e-books The Los Angeles Times: Glanton, Dahleen; 3/7/2011


U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012



E-books sales surge after holidays USA Today: Minzesheimer, Bob; 1/9/2012




E-books spark battle inside the publishing industry The Washington Post: Maneker, Marion; 12/27/2009




E-books sales surge after holidays USA Today: Minzesheimer, Bob; 1/9/2012

EBooks Unbound! …now what?

E-Books in CLIO (total bib. Records.)

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

FY04 FY05 FY06 FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10

Total E-Book Expenditures

$0

$200,000

$400,000

$600,000

$800,000

$1,000,000

FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10

Library Based

Springer/Wiley

HathiTrust

Project Gutenberg

Ebrary/EBSCOhost EBooks

JSTOR

Project Muse

UniversityPress Scholarship Online

Consumer Based

Kindle/Nook, etc.

Device oriented

App-oriented

Overdrive

Google Books

Future epub format/standards Tablets v. e-readers More flexible EBook collections

Functionality

DRM

Checkout/downloads

Discoverability/Searchability

Jeff Carroll [email protected] Cris Ergunay [email protected] Colleen Major [email protected] Columbia University Libraries

mailto:[email protected]



• How we got here

• How we got here • Trends and Data

• How we got here • Trends and Data • Publisher motivation

• How we got here • Trends and Data • Publisher motivation • E-books on the catwalk

• How we got here

Life Magazine images from Google Books: http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ Accessed on 5/5/2012

http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ

http://books.google.com/books/about/LIFE.html?id=3z8EAAAAMBAJ

• 1971

• 1971 • Michael Hart starts Project Gutenberg by digitizing

the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois


the Declaration of Independence on Xerox Sigma V Mainframe computer in Materials Research Lab at Univ. of Illinois • Mainframe was one of 15 nodes making up

ARPANET



ARPANET • Goal: to digitize 10,000 of the most consulted

books by end of 20th Century

Project Gutenberg number of e-books

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Project_Gutenberg_total_books.svg

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Project_Gutenberg_total_books.svg



ARPANET • Goal: to digitize 10,000 of the most consulted

books by end of 20th Century • More than 38,000 publicly available e-books as

of 2012

• 1971 • Project Gutenberg

• 1998


• 1998 • NetLibrary



• 1999



• 1999 • Ebrary



• 1999 • Ebrary

• 2000



• 1999 • Ebrary

• 2000 • Overdrive launches Content Reserve



• 1999 • Ebrary


• 2006



• 1999 • Ebrary


• 2006 • Sony introduces Sony e-reader



• 1999 • Ebrary



• 2007



• 1999 • Ebrary



• 2007 • Amazon introduces Kindle



• 1999 • Ebrary




• 2009



• 1999 • Ebrary




• 2009 • Barnes & Noble introduces Nook



• 1999 • Ebrary





• 2011



• 1999 • Ebrary





• 2011 • In April, Amazon announces it’s selling more

e-books than print books

• Models • Aggregators


• Offer e-book collections for subscription


• Offer e-book collections for subscription • Content often backlist


• Offer e-book collections for subscription • Content often backlist • Publishers can pull titles out of collection

• Models • Aggregators • Purchase


• Usually includes “perpetual access” and archival rights


• Usually includes “perpetual access” and archival rights

• Not really “ownership”

• Models • Aggregators • Purchase • PDA/DDA


• Patron-Driven, or Demand-Driven Acquisitions



• Makes broad universe of titles available to patrons




• Library purchases after x number of uses




• Library purchases after x number of uses

• No guarantee of long-term availability for titles not purchased

Year Net Dollar Sales Overall (in billions)

Net Dollar Sales for E-Books* (in billions)

2008 26.5 0.2

2009 27.1

2010 27.9 0.9

Size of U.S. Total Publishing Industry: 2008-2010

* Estimated based on available data. Source: Association of American Publishers http://www.publishers.org/bookstats/highlights/

Libraries in the aggregate represent an estimated 6.8% of these totals.



Year Net Unit Sales Overall (in billions)

Net Unit Sales for E-Books* (in billions)

2008 2.470 0.010

2009 2.510

2010 2.570 0.114



2008 26.5 0.2

2009 27.1

2010 27.9 0.9






2008 26.5 0.2

2009 27.1

2010 27.9 0.9




E-Books and Libraries represent potential risk in disproportion to size.

Publisher motivation

Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue:

Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy)

Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all

Publisher motivation Efforts to protect revenue: • Impose limits on usage (e.g., 1 user per copy) • Not selling to libraries at all • Selling a “license to use content” rather than selling actual

content.


content. • Attempt to address “First-Sale Doctrine” under U.S. copyright

law (U.S.C. 17, sec. 109 and 202.)



law (U.S.C. 17, sec. 109 and 202.) • U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012



law (U.S.C. 17, sec. 109 and 202.) • U.S. sues Apple, publishers in e-book price scheme The Chicago Tribune: Bartz, Diane and Gupta, Poornima; 4/11/2012

• Apple and 5 publishers accused of price collusion over e-books

E-Books 2012: What’s

on the Catwalk?

What's happening at Columbia?

Columbia

University -

Expenditures

Columbia University - bibliographic records

Manhattan Research Library Initiative (MaRLI)

• University Press Scholarship Online (UPSO) o NYU, NYPL, Columbia U

o Fordham, Kentucky, Florida, Hong Kong, Cairo

frontlist

e-access, via Oxford and Ebrary

print discount

1 print copy to NYPL

• Columbia and Cornell University Libraries

• partnership that enables us to pool resources

to provide content, expertise, and services

that are impossible to accomplish acting

alone

2CUL E-Books Task Force

E-Books Task Force

• JSTOR/Project Muse

• Bibliographic access

• OpenURL linking

• workflow analysis

E-Books

Task Force

Bibliograp

hic Access

OpenURL Linking

Cornell U Libraries

• III: ERM, DBs, openURL

•360: MARC, Summon

•Ex Libris: ILS

•Local CUL systems

Columbia U Libraries

•360: ERM, MARC,

Summon,COUNTER, E-Journals,

openURL

•Ex Libris: ILS, Metalib

•Local CUL systems: DBs

Columbia's E-Book firm ordering workflow

Cornell's E-Book

firm ordering

workflow

E-Book package workflow.

- Columbia and Cornell

E-Book package workflow differences.

- Columbia and Cornell

Usage Statistics

• Electronic Resource Assessment Working

Group - charged with recommending ways of

employing use data effectively to assess e-resource

collections, improve end-user access, and provide

meaningful reports to library managers.

e-Duke Books Scholarly Collection

Columbia has purchased since 2009

• has purchased the discounted print add-on

option

o Reviewed 2011 use data of print and online titles

Provocative Statements

• Discoverability should come through using

utilities outside of the traditional catalog

(Summon, Google)

• Amazon lending model (Freading) will replace

traditional lending models

• The purchasing model for E-Books should be

PDA/DDA for all but largest of research

libraries.

• Libraries should use student budget lines to

fund on-demand purchases.

Key Resources

• Pew Research Center

• Report: The Rise of e-reading

• Book Industry Study Group (BISG)

• Consumer Attitudes towards E-Book

Reading

eBooks 2012: Where Are We?

Education

Transcript of eBooks 2012: Where Are We?