ebook busa polyurethan

8/14/2019 ebook busa polyurethan

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NRPJTFUC^J EMBGCEJH

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2/80

NJA^JP CUC

Tbkijk~jp

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0+0 Tfhsfhu

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5+: Ubncjjk

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>+:+0 @ruj uhj`u~fel

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>+:+> Bhju~pfgbp

>+:+2 Ck~bpipjh ulck

>+:+1 Tbkibg`jki kfk EAE

>+:+9 @ruj qcuefbhju~cu njk bkbpis jnufp`cki

>+:+= @ruj `bp`jucu tfhsfhb~ckce tfhsfh>+0 @ruj ubgc pcicn

>+0+: Tpfubu gjkrajl~rp

>+0+0 Jthcljuc

>+5 @ruj Pcicn

>+5+: Tbkijk~jp


3/80

>+5+0 Tbpucjtjk ubncjjk

>+5+5 ^blkcl Tpfnrluc

>+5+> Ucaj~'ucaj~

>+> Prtj'prtj `ruj rpb~mjkb sjki hjck

>+>+: @ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn gfncacljuc cufesjkj~b

>+>+0 @ruj rpb~mjkb ahb}c`bh gfncacljuc cufesjkj~b

>+>+5 @ruj CTK `jucu rpb~mjkb

>+>+> @ruj ms`pcn `jucu rpb~mjkb

>+>+2 @ruj f}ffmcnpfkb&rpb~mjkb

Jnc~ca( Achhbp njk Pbckafpebgbk~

2+: Tbkijk~jp

2+0 Jk~cu~j~ce

2+5 @hfycki jibk~

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1+0 Gfhncki

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1+2 Hjgckj~cki1+1 U~pre~rpjh afjg

1+9 Usk~b~mce afjg

1+= Afjg ck thjeb

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9+: Tbkijk~jp


4/80

9+0 Lfgtchjuc gb~fnb u~jknjp

9+5 Gb~fnb Tbkirocjk


5/80

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TBKIJK^JP

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mjuch pbjluc jk~jpj iprt rpb~mjkb njk iriru jhlfmfh+ @bp`jijc gjejg

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ncirkjljk njhjg `bp`jijc jthcljuc ljpb~( efj~cki njk tbpblj~+Jthcljuc

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@ruj ahbluc`bh gbprtjljk `cnjki cknru~pc r~jgj njpc tfhsrpb~jkb+

@ruj ahbluc`bh nctpfnrluc nbkijk ejpj gbkifk~pfh blutjkuc iju ubhjgj

tpfubu tfhcgbpcujuc+ @ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ncnbujck ftbk ebhhbn(

efk~fmksj tjnj tbkibg`rkijk njpc `juj sjki `bpblutjkuc( ubh jljk

~bp`rlj gbg`bk~rl u~prl~rp sjki ~bplfgtfucuc njpc ojpckijk tfhcgbp

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-bhju~fgbp# tfhsgbp sjki ~bpljknrki njhjg `ruj+ Jthcljuc njpc `ruj

ahb}c`bh tfhsrpb~mjkb ~bphcmj~ njhjg ijg`jp :+:


6/80

Ijg`jp :+: Jthcljuc @ruj Tfhsrpb~mjkb

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tfhcbu~bp+ Lbhbgjmjk r~jgj `ruj obkcu ckc jnjhjm ~cnjl ~jmjk ~bpmjnjt

lbhbg`j`jk njk urmr ncgjkj `ruj ~bpub`r~ ncirkjljk+

Ibkbpjuc lbnrj `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb jnjhjm `ruj `bp`jucu tfhsfhu

tfhcb~mbp+ ^blkfhfic ckc gjgtr gbkijuchljk `ruj sjki hb`cm `jcl( ~jmjk

hjgj njk ksjgjk+ Lbgjorjk r~jgj njpc ~blkfhfic tfhsrpb~mjkb jnjhjm

tbkiirkjjk ucu~bg fkb umf~( sjki gbkiirkjljk lj~jhcu `jpr jk

urpaje~jk~ `bp`jucu uchcefkb+ Njhjg tpfubu fkb umf~( cufesjkj~b(

tfhsfhu( jcp njk ljknrkijk sjki hjck ubejpj ebtj~ njk ck~bkuca ncejgtrp

njk ubibpj nc~rjki rk~rl gbkij~rp tbg`rujjk+Ubhjgj hcgj nbljnb ~bpjlmcp ~blkfhfic tfhsrpb~mjkb `bplbg`jki

hb`cm tbuj~+ Ubgrj ncnjujpljk rk~rl gbkckilj~ljk lbgjgtrjk

tpfubuksj( hjor tpfnrluc njk gbkbljk `cjsj nbkijk ~b~jt gbkojij

lbtrujk lfkurgbk ~bpmjnjt ucaj~ tbpafpgj `ruj+


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Tpfnrluc `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh njtj~ nchjlrljk nbkijk ejpj

gbljkcu( acuclj njk lcgcj+ @b`bpjtj gb~fnb sjki `cjuj ncirkjljk

jk~jpj hjck?

:+ Nblfgtfucuc ~bpgjh njpc `hfycki jibk~ sjki gbkcg`rhljkiju kc~pfibk j~jr ljp`fk ncflucnj j~jr lbnrjksj nbkijk

gbkiirkljk tjkju j~jr gbprtjljk mjuch njpc pbjluc

bluf~bpgjh ubhjgj tpfubu tfhcgbpcujuc

0+ Tbkcrtjk iju ubejpj gbljkcu -apf~mcki# lb njhjg ucu~bgtfhcgbp -hbhbmjk( hjpr~jk j~jr urutbkuc# sjki gbkibpju(

`jcl nbkijk jluc lj~jhcu gjrtrk tjkju j~jrtrk lbnrjksj

sjki lbgrncjk gjgtr gbkob`jl iju njhjg gj~pclu

tfhcgbp+

5+ Tbkirjtjk njpc ejcpjk sjki gbgcgchclc ~c~cl ncncm pbknjmubtbp~c ahrfpfejp`fk( j~jr gb~mchbk ehfpcnb njhjg gjuj

tfhcgbp ub`jijc mjuch tjkju pbjluc bluf~bpgjh j~jr

gbkiirkjljk tjkju+

>+ Tbkirjtjk iju sjki ncmjuchljk njpc tjkju pbjlucbluf~bpgjh ubhjgj tpfubu tfhcgbpcujuc ubtbp~c sjki ~bponc

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2+ Blutjkuc njpc iju sjki hjpr~ njhjg gjuj tfhcgbp ljpbkjtbkirpjkijk ~bljkjk ucu~bg

1+ Tbgjkajj~jk mfhhfy gcepfutmbpb lb njhjg gjuj tfhcgbp+Mfhhfy njtj~ gbhctr~c mfhhfy ihju gjrtrk mfhhfy thju~ce+

9+ Tbkibg`jkijk iju sjki `bpcuc hbg`jpjk nbkijk jthcljuctjkju j~jr blutjkuc njpc hbg`jpjk ~bpub`r~ njhjg gjujtfhcgbp nbkijk tjkju pbjluc+

^blkfhfic tpfnrluc `ruj ntj~ nchjlrljk nbkijk `bp`jijc gjejg

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:+ Tpfnrluc uhj`u~fel ubejpj lfk~ckr nbkijk tbkrjkijkj~jrcgtbkicgbk~( gbkiirkjljk gbuck `ruj grh~c lfgtfkbk+


8/80

0+ Tbkeb~jljk lfgtpbuc `ruj5+ Pbje~cfk'Ckobe~cfk Gfhncki -PCG# `cjujksj nbkijk

tbksrk~cljk -cgtbkicgbk~#

>+ Afjgcki ck'thjeb nbkijk tbkrjkijk njpc nrj j~jr grh~cmbjn

2+ Tbksbgtpf~jk `ruj -utpjscki fa afjg#1+ Blu~prluc `ruj gbkiirkjljk `jmjk hbg`jpjk j~jr tjhb~9+ Ckobluc gfhncki njpc hbg`jpjk j~jr tjhb~ sjki gbkibg`jki=+ Pf~j~cfkjh eju~cki fa afjg3+ Apf~mcki fa afjg:4+ Tpfnre~cfk fa afjg efgtfuc~b::+ Hjgckj~cfk fa afjg:0+ Tpbectc~j~cfk fa afjg tpfebuu

Ub`jijc ej~j~jk mjgtcp ubgrj ~bpgfthju~cl njk pbuck ~bpgfub~ ntj~

nctpfnrluc njhjg `bk~rl ubhrhjp nbkijk ejpj ubtbp~c ~bpub`r~ ncj~ju+


9/80

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@JMJK @JLR @RUJ @BP@JUCU CUFESJKJ^B

0+ :+ Tbkijk~jpBpj jgjk thju~cl ncgrhjc nbkijk grkerhksj `ruj thju~cl(

tbpcfnb ckc nclbkjh ub`jijc jgjk `ruj thju~cl+ @ruj thju~cl nckjgjljk

orij b}tjknbn thju~ce( ebhhrhjp thju~ce j~jr afpgbn thju~ce njk

ncnjhjgksj ~bpgjurl orij ~mbpgfthju~cl njk ~bpgfub~~cki+

@ruj ~bpgfub~~cki gbprtjljk `ruj sjki ~cnjl gbgchclc ucaj~

~mbpgfthju~cl+ Uburjc nbkijk mjh c~r( `ruj ~bpgfub~~cki ~cnjl mjksj

gbhctr~c `ruj epfuu'hcklbn ~b~bjtc orij `ruj tfhcgbpcl hckbjp+ ^bpgjurl

`ruj obkcu ckc jk~jpj hjck `ruj ejp`cgcnb njk `ruj tfhsgcnb+ @ruj ckc

~cnjl gbhbhbm njk lbg`jhc gbkojnc `jmjk ljpbkj tbgjkjujk+

Lb`jksjljk `ruj ~bpgfub~~cki ncucjtljk nbkijk tbkscjtjk

afpgjuc tfhcgbp njk tbgrkerhjk iju+ Mjh ckc gbprtjljk tpckuct

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jkn ju bkbpj~cfk

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Tjnj tpckuctksj ub~cjt pbjluc tbg`bk~rljk tfhcgbp njtj~

ncirkjljk rk~rl tbg`rj~jk `ruj+ Uburjc mjh ckc( gjlj ub~cjt obkcu

tfhcgbp ~bpgfub~~cki ubejpj ~bfpc~cu njtj~ ncirkjljk ub`jijc `jmjk

tbg`ruj+


10/80

^j`bh 0+: nc`jyjm ckc gbkrkorlljk urj~r lhjucacljuc `ruj

~bpgfub~~cki+ ^j`bh 0+: orij gbgtphcmj~ljk `jmyj `ruj obkcu

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~bpgfub~~cki+

Kf @ruj Pbjuluc Ucaj~

: Tfhsrpb~mjkb Tfhsjnnc~cfk Ahb}c`hb jkn Pcicn

0 Tfhscufesjkrpjnb Esehf~pbgcpjj~cfk Pcicn

5 Tfhsjgcnb Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Ahb}c hb jkn Pcicn

> Tspjksch Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Pcicn

2 Tfhsrpbj Tfhsjnnc~cfk Ahb}c`hb jkn Pcicn

1 Btf}s Pcki Ftbkcki

Tfhsgbpcj~cfk

Pcicn

9 Tfhcgcnb Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Ubgc Pcicn

= Tmbkfhce Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Pcicn

3 Rpbj afpgjhnbmsnb Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Pcicn

:4 Tfhsejp`fcgcnb Tfhsefknbkuj~cfk Pcicn

:: Tfhsf}jfhcnfkb Pcki Ftbkcki

Tfhsjnnc~cfk

Ubgc pcicn

:0 Rkuj~rpj~bn

Tfhsbu~bp

Pjncejh

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Pcicn

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`bplbg`jki ujkij~ tbuj~ ujj~ ckc+ @ruj rpbj afpgjhnbmsnb ubljpjki

urnjm gbkimchjki njpc tjujpjk ~bpr~jgj nc RUJ+@ruj ljpb~ njk `ruj

tspjkch urnjm ~cnjl ~bpubncj njhjg tjujp nrkcj+


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0+0 Tfhscufesjkj~b

Tfhscufesjkj~b jnjhjm ubksjyj sjki ujkij~ pbjl~ca+

Tfhscufesjkj~b gbprtjljk `jmjk njpc `bp`jijc gjejg ac`bp(

pbuck( ljpb~( `ruj( efj~cki njk jnmbucqb nbkijk pbjluc

tfhsjnnc~cfk( tfhsefknbkuj~cfk gjrtrk tfhsgbpcj~cfk+

Tfhscufesjkj~b njtj~ ncirkjljk rk~rl tbg`rj~jk `ruj

`bp`jucu cufesjkj~b ~bpr~jgj njpc ubksjyj jpfgj~ce njk ub`jicjk

jhctmj~ce j~jr jpjhlsh tfhscufesjpj~b+ Tfhcufesjkj~b nctjujpljk

njhjg `bk~rl ^NC njk GNC+ U~prl~rp `bp`jijc gjejg

Tfhscufesjkj~b sjki nctjujpljk ~bphcmj~ njhjg ~j`hb 0+0+


12/80

^NC ncirkjljk ubejpj hrju ub`jijc ahb}c`hb tfhsrpb~mjkb+

Ubnjkiljk GNC grpkc rk~rl efj~cki njk ljpb~+ ^NC gfncafljuc

njk GNC gfncacljuc ncirkjljk rk~rl `ruj ahb}c`hb mcim

pbucu~bkeb+ Ubnjkiljk Tfhsgbpce cufesjkj~b -GNC Tfhsgbpce j~jr

GNC Fhcifgbpce# ub`jicjk `bujp ncirkjljk rk~rl ubncjjk

rpb~mjkb pcicn njk `ruj cufesjkj~b njk ub`jicjk rk~rl `ruj

ahb}c`hb njk ubgc ahb}c`hb+ Njhjg ^j`bh 0+5 njk 0+> ncobhjuljk ucaj~

acucl GNC njk ^NC

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:44 =4?04 12?52

Tmsucejh u~j~b j~ kfpgjh ~bgt Hczrcn&ufhcn Hczrcn Hczrcn

Qcuefuc~s -gTj u j~ 02 E# 5'1 5'1 5'1

Efhfp / /

Fnfp // //

Utbecace ipjqc~s -i&gh# j~ 02E# :+0: :+0: :+0:

@fchcki ^bgt -E# 02: 02: 02:

Ahjum ^bgt -E# :52 :52 :52

Acpb ^bgt -E# :>0 :>0 :>0

Apbbcki ^bgt-E# 00 00 00

Qjtfp nbkuc~s-E# 1+4 1+4 1+4

Qjtfp Tpbuurpb -g`jp j~ 02E# 4+45 4+45 4+45

Gfhberhjp ybcim~ :9>+0 :9>+0 :9>+0

/ 7 efhfphbuu ~f tjhb sbhhfy

// 7 emjpje~bpcu~ce trkibk~


13/80

GNC Gfkfgbpce GNC Tfhsgbpce

Tmsucejh u~j~b j~ kfpgjh ~bgt ufhcn Hczrcn&fchs

Qcuefuc~s -gTj u j~ 02 E# ' :44'044

Efhfp Tr~cm un lrkcki Eflhj~ ibhjt

Utbecace ipjqc~s -i&gh# j~ 02E# :+00 ->54E# :+05

@fchcki ^bgt -E# :9: tjnj :+55 g`jp

044 tjnj 1+11 g`jp

054 nbefgtfucuc

^bptfhcgbpcujuc

ublc~jp 0144E

lbhrjpljk EF

Ahjum ^bgt -E# :33 ;044

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Qjtfp nbkuc~s-E# =+2 =+2

Gb~fnb lfkqbkucfkjh rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc cufesjkj~b

fpijkce `bpnjujp tjnj tpfubu tmfuibkj~cfk njpc jgjckb jpfgj~ce

j~jr jhctmj~ce ub`jijcgjkj pbjluc `bpclr~?

P'KM0 , EFEH0 P'KEF , 0MEh

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ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ cufesjkj~b fpijkcl+ Ujhjm uj~r

gb~fnbksj gbhctr~c pbnrluc ljp`fgchjuc njpc ubksjyj kc~pf

nbkijk lb`bpjnjjk gfkfjhlfmfh rk~rl gbkimjuchljk ubksjyj

rpb~mjkb( ncclr~c nbkijk tbkirpjcjk ~bpgjh njpc ubksjyj gb~jkb

sjki ncmjuchljk( ub`ijcgjkj `bpclr~ ckc?

P'KF0 5EF,P'FM P'KM'EF'F'P , 0EF0

P'KM'EF'F'P P'KEF ,P'FM

Gb~fnb ncj~ju nclbg`jkiljk fhbm JPEF rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc ^NC+

Rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc GNC Jujmc embgcejh Cknru~pc

gbkibg`jkiljk gb~fnb flucnj~ca ejp`fkshj~cfk+ Tpfubu c~r

gbhctr~c ?


14/80

:+ Ljpkfkchjuc njk Flucnjuc0+ Lfknbkujuc5+ Nblfgtfucuc njpc tpfnrl pbjluc lfknbkujucPbjlucksj ub`jijcgjkj ncijg`jpljk `bpclr~ ckc

:+ Ljp`fkchjuc njk Flucnjuc

0+ LfknbkujucHjkiljm : ? Lfknbkujuc

Hjkiljm 0 ? ck~bpgfhberhjp ~pjkuabp Pbje~cfk

5+ Nblfgtfucuc njpc tpfnrl pbjluc lfknbkujuc


15/80

0+5 Tfhsfhu

Tfhsfhu rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb jnjhjm ubksjyj fhcifgbp j~jr

tfhcgbp sjki gbgchclc ub~cnjlksj nrj iriru mcnpf}sh+ Tfhsfhu

ckc gbhctr~c tfhsb~mbp tfhsfh( tfhsbu~bp tfhsfh( tfhsfhback

`bprorki mcnpf}sh njk gcksjl qbib~j`bh sjki gbkijknrki

mcnpfluch+

0+5+: Tfhsfhu Tfhsb~mbp

Tfhsfh sjki tjhcki `jksjl ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj

rpb~mjkb jnjhjm tfhsfhu tfhsb~mbp+ Tfhsfhu tfhsbu~bp mjksj

ncirkjljk njhjg jthcljuc lmruru+ Lbrk~rkijk njk lbhb`cmjk

tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp jnjhjm ljpbkj tchcmjk lbubrjcjk njk `bpj~

sjki ubcg`jki( qculfuc~ju sjki hb`cm pbknjm njpc tfhsf

tfhcbu~bp lfkqbkucfkjh( `cjsj tpfnrluc sjki hb`cm grpjm njpc

tjnj tfhcbu~bp jhcaj~cl( njk `ruj sjki ncmjuchljk ~jmjk

~bpmjnjt msnpfhcucu+

Tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp nc`rj~ njpc tfhcgbpcujuc jkcfkcl njpc flucnj

jhljhck( ubtbp~c efk~fmksj tpftchbk flucnj njk j~jr b~mchbk

flucnj nbkijk lb`bpjnjjk njpc urj~r ckc~cj~fp njk lj~jhcu(

ub`jijcgjkj nctbphcmj~ljk tjnj pbjluc `bpclr~?

Ncgjkj P'-FM#a gbkrkorlljk ckcucj~fp sjki gbprtjljk tfhsfh

nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh pckijk njk gbgtrksjc 0'= arki~cfkjhc~s( sjki nc~rkorlljk ub`jijc `bpclr~-arki~cfkjhc~s njhjg

tjpbk~mbucu#?

B~mshbk ihslfh -0#

Ihsebpfh -5#

^pcgb~mshfhtpftjkb -5#


16/80

:(0(1 mb}jkc~pcfh -5#

~pcb~mjkfhjgckb -5#

Tbk~mjbps~mps~fh ->#

Jkchckb -0#

^fhrbkbncjgckb ->#

Jhtmj gb~msh ihrefucnb ->#

Ufp`c~fh -1#

Urepfub -=#

Ckcucj~fp njtj~ `bpobkcu hjck njpc ubksjyjjnc~ca sjki

gbkijknrki mcnpfibk( ubgjejg jgckb jhctmj~cl j~jr

jpfgj~cl+

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gbkojnc tchcmjk r~jgj njhjg tpfnrluc tfhs rpb~mjkb gcujh

`ruj pcicn( a


17/80

Nbkijk jnjksj lj~jhcu njtj~ ncgrkilckljk rk~rl

gbg`rj~ tfhsfh nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh ~ckiic gcujh :4+444 j~jr

nbkijk lj~jhcu hjck tfhsbu~bp ncfh nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh 04+444

njk tfhsbu~bp ~pcfh nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh 54+444+

Gb~fnb hjck sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`brj~ tfhsfh

tfhsbu~bp jnjhjm tfhcgbpcujuc pcki ~bp`rlj b~mbp uclhcl+ Ubtbp~c

~bp~pjmsnpfarpjk( rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc tfhs~b~pj gb~mshbk b~mbp

ihslfh j~jr tfhs-f}s~b~pjgb~mshbk#ihslfh -T^GI# ub`jijcgjkj

`bpclr~ ckc?

Tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp gfncacljuc ~bhjm grkerh jlmcp'jlmcp ckc

ubtbp~c gcujh tfhsfhj tfhsb~mbp ipja~ -Tfhsgbp tfhsfh( eftfhsgbp

tfhsfh# tbp~jgj ljhc nclbg`jkiljk fhbm Rkcfk Ejp`bn Efpt+

Tfhsfh ncutbpuc tfhsrpbj -TMN tfhsfhu( Tfhsmjpku~faa

ncutbpucfk Tfhsfh# nlbg`jkiljk fhbm Gf`js Efpt+ Tfhsfh TMn

`cjujksj nctpfnrluck nbkijk gbkjg`jmljk ^NC lb njhjg

tfhsfh tfhsbb~mbp sjki gbkijknrki mcnpjck nbkijk

tbkijnrljk ~b~jt+ Tfhsfhu ~bpub`r~ ujkij~ efefl ncirkjljk

rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj ahb}c`bh ~bpeb~jl njk `rjuj mcim

pbucu~bkeb -MP# sjki gbgtrksjc ucaj~ hfjn `bjpcki -~jmjk

`b`jk#+

Tfhsfhu ipja~ gbhctr~c ipja~ jlpskfhc~pcl ubtp~c orijjepshfkc~cl njk tfhsfh tfhsb~mbp ipja~ u~spbkb+ Tpfubk~juc

ipja~ksj ublc~jp 04'0:" tjnj ujj~ ncgjkj `jmjk ~bpub`r~

ubejpj lfgbpucjh ~bpubncj+

0+5+0 Tfhsfh Tfhsbu~bp


18/80

Tfhsfh tfhsbu~bp rk~rl `ruj rpb~jmjkb njk `ruj tfhcgbp

gbhctr~c ?

j+ Tfhcbu~bp sjki nc`rj~ nbkijk gbpbjlucljk jujgnc`juce ubtbp~c jujg jnctj~( jujg tm~jhj~ jnjg jujg

ub`jebj~ nbkijk ihclfh ubtbp~c b~chbk ihclfh( tpftchbk

ihclfh( :(>'`r~jncbkfh( :(1'mb}jgbncfh+

`+ Tfhcbu~bp jhcaj~cl nc`rj~ nbkijk tfhcgbpcujuc pcki~bp`rlj hjl~fkb ubtp~c btuchfkb'ejtpfhje~fkb

e+ Tfhcbu~bp jpfgj~cl nc`rj~ nbkijk ~pjkubu~bpcacljuc njpcpblhjcgcki ~bpbtm~jhj~b tfhsb~mbhbkb j~jr pbucnr

ncu~chjuc njpc ncgb~msh~bpbtm~jhj~b+

Tfhcbu~bp j njk ` ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj

ahbluc`bh bhju~fgb~ -ljpb~#

0+5+5 Tfhsfh sjki hjck

Gcksjl qbib~j`hb sjki gbkijknrki iriru mcnpfluch ubgcujh

gcksjl lju~fp sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj ahb}c`hb

tjnj yjl~r jyjh bpj cknru~pc tfhcrpb~mjkb( ~b~jtc ubljpjki

urnjm ~cnjl ncirkjljk hjic+

Tfhsfh sjki `jpr ubtbp~c tfhsfh tfhc ljp`fkj~ -Nrpjejp`( TTI

ckn+Cke#( Tfhsfh sjki gbkijknrki msnjk~pck -Njk~fufh#+Tfhsfh

tfhsflacfkcl njk tfhsfh mcnpfibkjuc gcujhksj Tfhs~jch ujj~ ckc

urnjm ~bpubncj ub`jijc tpfnrl sjki nctbpnjijkiljk+

0+> @hfycki Jibk~

Tbgrkerhjk iju jnjhjm mjh sjki ujkij~ tbk~cki njhjg

tbg`rj~jk thju~cl `ruj+ Njhjg tbpucjtjk tbg`rj~jk `ruj~bpgfub~~cki ncirkjljk nrj gjejg `hfycki jibk~ sjc~r `hfycki jibk~

acuclj njk lcgcj j~jr lfg`ckjuc njpc lbnrjksj+

0+>+: @hfycki Jibk~ Lcgcj


19/80

Pbjluc tbgrkerhjk ij ubejpj lfkqbkucfkjhrk~rl `ruj

rpb~jmjkb ahbluc`bh gbprtjljk pbjluc jk~jpj jcp njk cufesjkj~+Pbjluc

lcgcjksj jnjhjm ub`jijc `bpclr~ ?

0P'KEF , M0F EF0 ,P'KM'EF'KM'P

Pbjluc gbgjhrc nrj ~jmjt sjlkc tbgrkerhjk iju ljp`fk ncflucnj

nbkijk tbg`bk~rljk ubejpj ucgrh~jk pjk~jc rpbj ur`~c~ruc+

@hfycki jibk~ sjki ncirkjljk gbhctr~c ubksjyj sjki `bpclr~ ckc?

j+ Ubksjyj bkfhcj`hb ubtbp~c kc~pfjhljkj -kc~pfb~mjkb( kc~pftpftjkb#(jhnf}cgbu -jeb~jhnf}cgbu#( kc~pfrpbj( jecn jgcnu -afpgjgcnbu(

jeb~jgcnbu#(ubksjyj jl~ca sjki gbkijknrki gb~mshbk(

jeb~mshje~fkb( b~msh jeb~fjeb~j~b#

`+ @fpce jecnJnj orij `hfycki jibk~ `jpr( fhcifgbp tfhsb~mbp sjki `bprorki

ljp`fluch+ Irirj ljp`fluch njpc jibk~ ~bpub`r~ `bpbjluc nbkijk kiriru

cufesjkj~ sjki gbkimjuchljk EF0+

0+>+0 @hfycki Jibk~ Acuclj

@bp`bnj nbkij `hfycki jibk~ lcgcj ubtbp~c jcp( `hfycki jibk~

acucljgbgchclc lbrkiirhjk ubtbp~c `bpclr~ ?

j+ `jicjk pbjluc bluf~bpg mchjki nbkijk tbkirjtjk+@hfycki jibk~acuclj njk `ruj pburh~jk -mjuch# `bplrpjki lbtrnjpjk yjpkjksj(

pbuclf lb`jljpjk njk uefpemcki+

`+ Qculfuc~ju hb`cm pbknjm( gjlj `ruj tfrp ck thjeb njtj~nchjlujkjljk+

e+ @b`bpjtj `hfycki jibk~ acuclj -EAE'::# gbgchclc ucaj~ ckurhjuc~bpgjh sjki hb`cm ~ckiic njpctjnj sjki gbgjljc jcp

@hfycki jibk~ acuclj ~bplhjucacljuc gbkojnc ?' EAE -Emhfpfahrfpf Ejp`fk#' MEAE -Msnpfemhfpf ahrfpf ejp`fk#' MAB -Msnpfahrfpfejp`fk b~mbpu#' Ejcpjk fpijkcl sjki ~cnjl gbkijknrki ahrfpckb


20/80

@hfycki jibk~ ahrfpckjuc njtj~ orij ncirkjljk rk~rl

gbkibg`jkiljk `ruj tfhscufesjkj~( `ruj tfhsf}ffhcnfkb njk `ruj

tfhsrpbj+

EAE( ~bpr~jgj EAE':: ~bhjm gbkojnc `hfycki jibk~ sjki mjknjh

`jcl rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb sjki pcicn gjrtrk ahbluc`bh+Fhbm ljpbkj

tpfubu tbkctcujk hjtcujk ffkb gjlj tbkiirkjjk EAE nc`j~juc

ujgtjc ~jmrk :332 ujoj+

MEAE( gbprtjljk `hfycki jibk~ jh~bpkj~ca rk~rl EAE+ Rk~rl ujj~

ckc MEAE lmruruksj MEAE':>:` jnjhjm jh~bpkj~ca ~bp`jcl `hfycki

jibk~ tbkiijk~c EAE'::+ MEAE gbgchclc mjpij sjki hb`cm gjmjh njk

gjucm njtj~ gbksb`j`ljk tbkctcujk hjtcujk ffk+ Ubmckiij tjnj

~jmrk 0404 jljk ncmchjkiljk+

MAE( `hfycki jibk~ ckc ~cnjl gbgchclc tf~bkuc gbprujl ffk+ MAE

sjki ncirkjljk jnjhjm MAE':5>j ub`jijc jh~bkj~ca `hfycki jibk~+

MAE 521 gbgchclc ~c~cl ncncm njk `bpj~ gfhblrh sjki ujgj ubtbp~c

EAE':: fhbm ljpbkj c~r gbprtjljk jh~bpkj~ca sjki `jcl rk~rl

gbkiijk~cljk EAE'::+ Ujsjkiksj tbkirpjkijk rk~rl `cjsj

tpfnrluc `bhrg obhju+

TAE( ~cnjl uj~rtr njpc TAE gbgchclc tf~bkuc gbprujl ffk+

Lblbrpjkijkksj tjnj `cjsj sjki pbhj~ca hb`cm gjmjh njk ~cnjl

lfgtj~c`bh nbkijk ljknrkijk `ruj rpb~mjkb( gcujh tfhscufesjkj~

njk tfhsfh+ Fhbm ljpbkj c~r nclbg`jkiljk ucu~bg ~ctb bgrhuc+

Gjujhjm sjki hjck sjc~r rgrp sjki tjkojki njhjg j~gfuabp ujgtjc

:44':4+444 ~jmrk sjki njtj~ gbkijlc`j~ljk tbgjkjujk ihf`jh+

MAB( ~cnjl gbgchclc tf~bkuc gbprujlffk njk gbgchclc ~c~cl ncncm

sjki ujkij~ nblj~ nbkijk EAE'::+@hfycki jibk~ kfk ahrfpfkjuc(k'tbk~jkb ~bhjm ncirkjljk nc Bpftj

rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn+Uburjc mjuch njpc ~bu~ `b`bpjtj tbkbhc~cjk

~bhjm ncucgtrhljk ~cnjl jnjksj `jmjsj jljk jtc+ Esehftbk~jkb njtj~

orij ncirkjljk ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~+


21/80

Jlmcp jlmcp ckc `hfycki jibk~ `bp`jucu k'tbk~jkb njpc obkcu

ejgtrpjk ~bhjm nctj~bkljk+ Tj~bk~ ~bpub`r~ gjkilhjcg tbkiirkjjk

njpc ejgtrpjk ejcpjk mcnpfljp`fk njk mcnpfljp`fk ~bplhfpckjuc

gcujh ejgtrpjk njpc k'tbk~jkb njk gb~mshbk emhfpcnb+ Gb~fnb

~bpub`r~ gbprtjljk ejpj sjki grnjm rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc `bp`jijc

gjejg `ruj pcicn+

Gb~mshbk Emfhpcnb njk tbk~jkb gbgchclc ~c~cl ncncm sjki mjgtcp

ujgj njk ejgtrpjkksj `bpbjluc hjsjlksj uj~r ufhqbk~ ujoj+

Tbkiirkjjk gb~mshbk emhfpcnb ujoj jljk gbksb`j`ljk `ruj gbkojnc

prujl+ Ejgtrpjk =4&04'34&:4 tbpubk `bpj~ njp GE&Tbk~jkb ubejpj

ur`~jkuc ~cnjl grnjm ~bp`jljp( njk njtj~ ncirkjljk rk~rl `ruj

`bp`jucu cufesjkj~b+Rk~rl `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb pcicn ejgtrpjk 24&24

tbpub` `bpj~ jnjhjm sjki efefl+ Ejgtrpjk ~bpub`r~ njtj~ gbkij~juc

lblrpjkijk `ruj pcicn jljk `hfycki jibk~ jcp :44"+

Gb~mshbk Emhfpcnb ~bhjm hjgj ncirkjljk ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~+

Rk~rl `b`bpjtj kbijpj ljpbkj jhjujk hckilrkijk gbhjlrljk

tbg`j~jujk ~bpmjnjt tbkiirkjjk gb~mshbk emhfpcnb+ Rk~rl c~r

nchjlrljk hjic tbkbhc~cjk ~bk~jki `hfycki jibk~ sjki hjck+

Ljp`fk ncflucnj ejcp ncjkorpljk ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~ `ruj

rpb~mjkb ahb}uc`bh tbkibg`jki jcp+ Msnpfljp`fk sjki gbgchclc ~c~cl

ncncm 5=':44 E ncrurhljk rk~rl ncirkjljk njhjg tpfnrluc `ruj ubha

ulck+

0+2 Lj~jhcu

@jksjl obkcu lj~jhcu rk~rl pbjluc cufesjkj~ jnj njhjg

hc~bpj~rp+@b`bpjtj ncjk~jpjksj gbgchclc ubhbl~cac~ju sjki ~ckiic rk~rl

pbjluc sjki utbucacl njk sjki hjck gbgchcc uhbl~cac~ju sjki pbknjm njk`bpjluc ub`jijc ljhj~cu rk~rl `bp`jijc gjejg pbjluc cufesjkj~b+

Tjnj lmruru tbg`rj~jk `ruj rpb~mjkb( lj~jhcu ~ck ubejpj r~jgj

gbgtpfgfucljk pbjluc jk~jpj cufesjkj~b njk iriru mcnpfluch rk~rl

gbkimjuchljk tbg`bk~rljk pbjluc rpb~mjkb( efk~fm njpc lj~jhcu ?

'U~jkkfru 0'b~msh mb}jkfj~b -EM5-EM0#5EM-E0M2#EF0#0 Uk


22/80

' Nc`r~sh~ck nchjrpj~b -EM5-EM0#:4EF0#0Uk--EM0#5EM5#0

Lj~jhcu ^bp~cjps Jgckb -^j`bh 0+2# gbgtbpebtj~ tpfubu pbjluc

cufesjkj~b( gbgrkerhljk pbjluc tbg`bk~rljk iju( ~b~jtc orij

gbprtjljk lj~jhcu rk~rl pbjluc mcnpfluch'cufesjkj~b

^j`bh 0+2 Lj~jhcu ~bp~cjps jgckb

:+ Jhctmj~cl ~bp~cjkjps jgckb

@cu'0 ncgb~msh jgckfb~mshbk b~mbp

K(K(K(K' ^b~pj gb~msh tpftshbk ncjgckb

K(K(K(K' ^b~pj mb}j gb~mshbk ncjgckb

K(K(K(K' ^b~pj gb~msh ncb~msh ~pcjgckb

0+ Jpfgj~ce njk Jhcesehce ~bp~cjps Jgckb

K(K'Ncgb~msh `bkch jgckb

K'Gb~msh gfptmckb

K'Gb~msh gfptmck

K(K'ncgb~mshesehfmb}shjgckb

K Gb~msh ncesehfmb}shjgckb

^pcb~mshbk ncjgkcb

:(='ncjj`cesehf(2(>(4 rknbpebkb 9 -N@F#

0 Gb~msh'0jjkfp`fpkjkb

Jlmcp'jlmcp ckc grkerh lj~jhcu rk~rl gbkrknj pbjluc sjki ncirkjljk

rk~rl gbkij~rp tpfach pbjl~cac~ju `ruj eb~jl pcicn njk ahbluc`bh+

@b`bpjtj l~jhcu ~bpub`r~ ~bp~pj njhjg ~j`bh 0+1 `bpclr~

^j`bh 0+1 Lj~jhcu rk~rl gbkrknj pbjluc -ckmc`c~fp#

j+ Tfhsej~ UJ':`+ Tfhsej~ UJ':40e+ Tfhsej~ UJ'1:4&24Rk~rl gbkimjuchljk `ruj ftbk ebhhbn sjki `jiru gjlj

lbubcg`jkijk jk~jpj nrj pbjluc sjki `bpojhjk+ Lbubcg`jkijk sjki


23/80

~btj~ nctbphrljk ljpbkj tbp~cg`jkijk prujlksj `ruj jtj`chj

gbkibg`jki ~bphjhr ebtj~+tjnj ucuc sjki hjck jtj`chj pbjluc tbkibk~jhjk

gbhjgtjrc pbjluc gbkibg`jki( gjlj jljk ~bpojnc `ruj ubh ~bp~r~rt

-ehfubn ebhh# mjh c~r jljk gbg`rj~ `ruj gbkilbpr~ j~jr tprkcki +

Lj~jhcu nctchcm ubnbgclcjk prtj ubmckiij tfhcgbp njtj~ `bpbjluc

mckiiu gbgchclc lblrj~jk gbksbhrprm suki erlrt ~bmjnjt tpfubu

tbkibg`jkijk rk~rl gbkick~pfh lbubhrprmjk u~prl~rp ~jktj ~bpojnc

lfhjt( gbkilbpr~ njk gbhck~cp+ Mjl c~r fhbm tjpj tbkbhc~c ncub`r~

ubhbl~cac~ju+

Afpgrhj~fp `ruj tfhcrpb~mjkb ubjepj rgrg gbgchcm lj~jhcu njpc 0

lbhju r~jgj sjc~r ~bp~cjps jgckb njk gb~jh ujh~( ~bpr~jgj ~ck -~cgjm#+

Ljpbkj lbnrj lj~jhcu ~bpub`r~ `bp`bnj njhjg jl~cac~ju njk ubhbl~cac~ju

~bpmjnjt pbjluc tbg`rujjk tfhsrpb~mjkb( nrj obkcu lj~jhcu ckc

nclfg`ckjucljk ~cnjl mjksj rk~rl gbkimjuchljk lbubcg`jkijk jk~jpj

tbkibg`jkijk qbpuru tbkibk~jhjk sjki ncmjpjtlj ~b~jtc orij rk~rl

gbkij~rp pbjluc jijp uburjc nbkijk lb`r~rmjk tbpjhj~jk cknru~pc+

0+1 Urpaje~jk~

Gbprtljk `jmjk `jlr r~jgj njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj rpb~mjkb+

Urpaje~jk~ gbgtrksjc tbpjk r~jgj njhjg tbg`bk~rljk u~prl~rp ubh

sjki ncckiickljk(gcujh ubh mjhru( ubh ljujp( ubh ~bp~r~rt njk ubh ~bp`rlj+

U~prl~rp ubh jljk gbgtbkijprmc ucaj~ `ruj+

Urpaje~jk~ rk~rl rpb~mjkb njk `ruj tfhcgbp sjki ubobkcu

`cjujksj urpaje~jk~ uchclfk+ Tjnj rgrgksj gbprtjljk lftfhcgbp njpc

tfhs-ncgb~mshuchcefkb# -'Uc-EM5#0'F'#k( pjk~jc f}sjhlshbkb ubtbp~c pjk~jc

tfhsb~mshbk f}cnb -BF#k njpc pjk~jc tfhstpftchbk f}cnb -TF#k+ Lftfhcgbp

njtj~ hckbjp( `bpej`jki j~jr ~stb tbknjp~+urpaje~jk~ gbgtrksjc arkiuc sjki `bp`bnj ubtbp~c bgrhucascki( afjg u~j`chccki( njk lfk~pfh rlrpjk

ubh+

Ljknrkijk BF( TF njk Uc ubejpj ucikcacljk gbgtbkijprmc arkiuc

urpaje~jk~+ Gcujhksj mr`rkijk jk~jpj pjucf gfhjp -BF,TF#&Uc njk


24/80

tbpubk gfhjp njpc BF&-BF,TF# njtj~ gbgtbkijprmc ucaj~ urpaje~jk~

sjki uburjc nbkijk lb`r~rmjk `bp`jijc jthcljuc+

@jksjl ~bpubncj tchcmjk urpaje~jk~ sjki nctbpnjijkiljk rk~rl

ncirkjljk njhjg `ruj rpb~mjk ahbluc`bh `ruj MP njk `ruj pcicn+

0+9 Btflucnj

Ncirkjljk ub`jijc `jmjk `jlr rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj tfhs 0'

f}jfhcnfkb+ Njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj pbjluc sjki ebtj~ jnjhjm ujkij~

tbk~cki njk fhbm ljpbkj c~r btflucnj jpfgj~cu hb`cm ncurljc+

Tfhsbtflucnj jpfgj~cu gbhctr~c `cutmbkfh'J'`bp`jucu btflucnj njk

kfqfhje `bp`jucu btflucnj ub`jijcgjkj `bpclr~ ?

@cutmbkfh J'`bp`jucu btflucnj

Kfqfhje `bp`jucu btflucnj

0+= Ahjgb Pb~jpnjk~

Ncjk~jpj `ruj `bp`jucu cufesjkj~( `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb `jcl

ahbluc`bh j~jr pcicn grnjm ~bp`jljp+ Ljpbkj grnjm ~bp`jljp gjljgrkerh `bp`jijc gjejg `j~jujk tjnj tbkiirkjjk `ruj rpb~mjkb

njhjg hckilrt arpkc~rp njk~pjkutfp~juc tr`hcl+ Ubhjkor~ksj tbkiirkjjk

`ruj tjnj~ tfhcrpb~mjkb tjnj ckurhjuc `jkirkjk gbknjtj~ `j~jujk

tbpj~rpjk lb`jljpjk+


25/80

Fhbm ljpbkj jhjujk ncj~ju gjlj `bp`jijc gjejg rujmj nchjlrljk

rk~rl gbkejpc `jmjk tbkimjg`j~ jtc sjki babl~ca+ Gjujhjm ~bpub`r~

`bhrg njtj~ ncj~juc nbkijk urlubu ljpbkj tpf`hbg sjki ncmjnjtc

gbhctr~c lbgrnjmjk tbkijtcjk( tbksb`jpjk jtc nctbpgrljjk( tjkju

sjki nclbhrjpljk( tbkibhbrjpjk jujt( lb~jmjkjk jtc njk pjerk tjnj

iju jtc+

Obkcu hjck njpc `ruj tfhcgbp `bp`jucu cufuskj~ ubgjejg `ruj

tfhscufesjkj~ ~bpgfncacljuc f}jufhcnfkb( ejp`fnccgcnb( j~jr pjk~jc cgcnb

gbgtrksjc ucaj~ lb~jmjkjk ~bpmjnjt jtc ~jktj tbkjg`jmjk ahjgb

pb~jpnjk~+

@jijcgjkjtrk( `ruj gb~mjkb mjpru gbgtrksjc ajhgb pb~jpnjk~+

Ljpbkj mjh ~bpub`r~ gjlj nclbg`jkiljk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ rk~rl `ruj

rpb~mjkb njk ujj~ ckc ~bpubncj nc tjujpjk+

Tbkijtcjk jnjhjm pbjluc sjki pjncljh njk mjhfibk sjki lbhrjp

njpc ajhgb pb~jpnjk~ `bparkiuc gbhjyjk pbjluc pjncljh c~r+ Ub`jhclksj

ubksjyj afuafp `bpbjluc ub`jijc `jmjk sjki njtj~ gbkirpjkic

tbgrkerhjk iju sjki grnjm ~bp`jljp+ Gbljkcugb lbnrj ahjgb

pb~jpnjk~ ~cnjlhjm ujgj(gjlj ncujpjkljk gbgjljc lbnrjksj+

Ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ rk~rl `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb njtj~ nclhjucacljucljk

gbkojnc nrj lj~bifpc( pbjl~ca njk kfk pbjl~ca+ Ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ pbjl~ca

gbhctr~c ?

'Tfhsb~mbp `pfgckj~bn

' Tfhsb~mbp sjki gbkijknrki mjhfibk njk j~jr afuafp

' nc`pfgf tpftjkfh

'nc`pfgf kbftbk~msh ihclfh

Lbbabl~cajk njpc ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ mjhfibk uburjc nbkijk rpr~jk`bpclr~?ahrfpck(emhfpckb( `pfgckb njk cfnckb+

Ubnjkiljk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ pbjl~ca gbhctr~c `jcl ubksjyj fpijkcl

gjrtrk jkfpijkcl+ Ubksjyj fpijkcl gbhctr~c?

'Tmfutj~b sjki gbkijknrki mjhfibk( gcujh ? ~pcu emhfpf b~msh tmfutmj~b

'@r`rl jpfgj~cu ~bpmjhfibkjuc gcujh ?emhfpjknce jkmcnpc~b


26/80

Ubksjyj fpijkcl gbhctr~c jk~cgfks ~pcf}cnb( ufncrg `fpj~b njk

jhrgckcrg mcnpflucnj+ Jk~cgfks ~pcf}cnb gbg`bpcljk babl sjki uckbpicu

jtj`chj nclfg`ckjucljk nbkijk ubksjyj ~bpmjhfibkjuc+ Ubnj`iljk

jhrgckj ~psmsnpj~b gbkrkorlljk ucaj~ ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ nbkijk ejpj

pbjluc bknf~bpgcu gbkibhrjpljk jcp+


27/80

@J@ CCC

TBG@RJ^JK @RUJ TFHS RPB^MJKB

5+: Ubncjjk

@ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb nc`rj~ nbkijk ejpj gbpbjlucljk jk~jpj

cufesjkj~b nbkijk tfhsfh nbkijk lb`pjnjjk `hfycki jibk~( urpaje~jk~

njk lj~jhcu ~jktj tbgjkjujk njpc hrjp lb ucu~bg+

@hfycki

Jibk~

Urpaje~jk~

Ej~jhcu~

GC]CKITfhsgbpafpgj~cfk

jkn iju ibkbpj~cfk Afjg

Njhjg tbg`bk~rljk `ruj rpb~mjk ahbluc`bh `hfycki jibk~ksj

jnjhjm jcp njk tjnj ujj~ sjki ujgj ub`jijc `hfycki jikb~ tbg`jk~r

jnjhjm `hfycki jibk~ ckbp~ ~bpmjnjt ufhqbk nbkijk ~c~cl ncncm pbknjm

ubtbp~c EAE'::( GE njtj~ ncirkjljk+ Rk~rl tfhsrpb~mjkb pcicn gjlj

ncirkjljk `hfycki jibk~ EAE':: sjki gbkirjt ljpbkj tjkju sjki

ncmjuchljk njpc pbjluc bluf~bpgjh tbg`bk~rljk tfhsrpb~mjkb+

Tbpujgjjk gfnbh tbg`bk~rljk `ruj tfhsrpb~mj njtj~ ubtbp~c `bpclr~ ?

j+ Tbg`bk~rljk Tfhsrpb~mjkb


28/80

`+ Tbgrkerhjk iju EF0kFEK'P'KEF , kM0F -'P'KM'EF'KM'#k,kEF0

ijg`jp 5+: Ulbgj tbg`bk~rljk `ruj tfhs rpb~mjkb

Pbjluc hjck sjki ~bpojnc jnhjm bpjluc tbg`bk~rljk pjk~jc jhhftmjkj~b

`crpb~( cufesjkj~b krpjnb( ejp`fccgcnb orij ~bpijk~rki jnpc lfkncuc

pbjluc+

Ujj~ ckc ljpbkj tbg`j~jujk tbgjljck EAE gbkojncljk

tbpr`jmjk sjki gbknjujp tjnj afpgrhjuc `ruj+Urnjm `jksjl

ncirkjljk njhjg tbkbhc~cjk tbkiirkjjk jcp :44" ub`jijc

tbkibg`jki rk~rl lbnrj gjejg tbg`bk~rljk `ruj `jcl pcicn

gjrtrk ahbluc`bh+ Tbkbhc~cjk ~bpub`r~ gbgbphrljk gfncacljuc j~jr

tbkibg`jkijk `jmjk gbk~jm tbg`rj~ `ruj ubtbp~c tfhs cufesjkj~b(

tfhsfh(lj~jhcu njk urpaje~jk~+

@ruj rpb~mjkb njtj~ nchjucacljucljk gbkojnc nrj gjejg obkcu

sjc~r ahbluc`bh njk pcicn+ Tjnj `b`bpjtj ljuru `ruj ahbluc`bh nc`jic

hjic gbkojnc ahbluc`bh njk ubgc ahbluc`bh+ Tbp`bnjjk njhjg ucaj~ acucu

njpc lbnrj `ruj ~bpub`r~ ~bpr~jgj mjksj `bp`bnj tjnj `bpj~

gfhblrh tbp pjk~jc uchjkiksj( `bpj~ sjki ubcg`jki njk lbuburjcjk

tfhsfh sjki ncirkjljk njk obkcu lbuburjck njpc obkcu cufesjkj~+

@ruj ~bpub`r~ njtj~ nctbpucjtjljk nbkijk tbgchcmjk sjki `jcl

`bpj~ sjki ubcg`jki njk lbuburjcjkktfhsfh sjki nctjljc+

Tfhscufesjkj~ njtj~ nctbp~cg`jkiljk ub`jijc jibk tbkiij`rki njpc

tfhsfh+ Lhjucacljuc ljujp njpc obkcu tfhsfh sjki ncirjkljk jnj tjnj

~j`bh `bpclr~?

^j`bh 5+: Ljhucacljuc `ruj rpb~mjkb@ruj Pcicn Ubgc ahb}c`hb Ahb}c`hb

Tfhsfh

FM Kf+/

FM Bzrcqjhbk~//

524'214

:14':44

:44'044

214'0=4

2+1'94

:4+ 444'=44


29/80

Arke~cfkjhc~s 5+4'=+4 5+4'5+2 0+4'5+4

Gfnrhru bhju~cu tjnj 02 E

Gtj ;944 944'94 894

H`g&g0 ;:44+ 444 :44+ 444':4+ 444 :4+ 444

/ FM orghjm ?giLFM&i

// FM Bzrcqjhbk~? 21(::4&orghjm FM

5+0 Tpfubu Tbg`rj~jk Rpb~mjkb

@ruj rpb~jmbk njtj~ nc`rj~ nbkijk tpfubu fkb umf~( tpfubu ckc

gbprtjljk tpfubu sjki ubpcki ncirkjljk+ Tpfubu ubgctfhcgbp hb`cm

ncurljc ljpbkj lbgrnjmjk njhjg tbg`rj~jkksj( grkerhksj `ruj

u~j`ch njk bluf~bpg hb`cm pbknjm ~b~jtc tpfubu tpjtfhcgbpksj ncirkjljk

rk~rl ~rorjk ~bp`j~ju+ Ncjipjg ulbgj~cl njpc ~cij tpfubu tbg`rj~jk

~bphcmj~ njhjg ijg`jp 5+0 `bpclr~

Tfh cufe jkj~b Lfgfkbk 'J

Urpajl~jk

Lj~jhcu

@hfyck J bk~

Tfh fh

GC]CKILfgtfkbk @

Tpbgc}

@RUJ

Fkb Umf~ Tpfebuu

Tfh cufe jkj~bLfgfkbk J

Ubgc Tfhcgbp

Tfh fh

@hfyck J bk~

Lj~jhcu

Urpajl~jk

Lfgtfkbk @

Tpbgc}

GC]CKI @RUJ


30/80

Tpfubu Ubgc Tfhcgbp

GC]CKI

Tfh cufe jkj~b

Tfh fh

@hfyck J bk~

Lj~jhcu

Urpajl~jk

Lfgtfkbk @

Tpbgc}

Lfgfkbk J

Tpb Tfhcgbp

@RUJ

Tpfub TpbTfhcgbp

Ijg`jp 5+0 ncjipjg ulbgj~cl tpfubu tbg`rujjk

Tpfubu fkb umf~ nctjljc rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc `ruj obkcu pcicn njk

ahbluc`bh+ Tjnj tpfubu tpfnrluc `ruj uhj`u~fel( `jmjk `jlr ubejpj

~bptcujm ncrgtjkljk lb mbjn tbkejgtrp+ Rk~rl gbkij~rp qculfuc~ju

gjlj tfhsfh( lj~jhcu ~ck( jcp( njk lj~jhcu jgckb ncejgtrp ~bphb`rm nrhr+

Ucu~bg tbkejgtrpjk nrj lfgtfkbk ubejpj hrju ncirkjljk rk~rl

ucu~bg `ruj sjki `bp`bnj ljpbkj ucu~bg ~bpub`r~ gbggrkilckljk

ncurthjc njpc 0 obkcu nprg+ Gbuck tbg`rj~ `ruj njtj~ nc`rj~

ububnbpmjkj grkilck ubmckiij gbgrnjmljk tbkijkijkjk njk

tbpjyj~jk+

Ucu~bg tpbtfhcgbp gbgchclc lbhb`cmjk sjki mjgtcp ujgj nbkijk

ucu~bg fkb umf~ njk ucu~bg tbkejgtrpjk 0 `jmjk+ Ucu~bg tpfnrluc

ubtbp~c sjki ~bhjm ncub`r~ljk gbkiirkjljk ~bgtbpj~rp jg`cbk~+

Lb~cijksj nclhjucacljucljk ub`jijc ucu~bg kfk apf~mcki njk abkfgbkj

`pbjlnfykksj ~bphcmj~ njhjg ijg`jp 5+5


31/80

^jel apbb ~cgb

Pcub ^cgb

Ibh ^cgb

Epbjg ^cgb

Hczrcn U~j~b Apf~m U~j~b

Yjl~r Pbjluc

Abkfgbkj

Ijg`jp 5+5 Abkfgbkj @pbjlnfyk apf~mcki

Cu~chjm ~blkcl tjnj ijg`jp ncj~ju jnjhjm

Epbjg ~cgb 7 yjl~r grhjc jk~jpj tbksjgtrpjk njk ~c~cl ncgjkj

ejgtrpjk sjki obpkcm gbkojnc epbjgs j~jr lj`r~

njk grhjc gbkibg`jki

Ibh ~cgb 7 Ck~bpqjh yjl~r jk~jpj grhjc tbksjgtrpjk njk grhjc

tbkibk~jhjk

Pcub ~cgb 7 Yjl~r ck~bpqjh jk~jpj grhjc tbkejgtrpjk njk

tbkibg`jkijk gjuj `ruj

^jel apbb ~cgb 7 yjl~r ck~bpqjh jk~jpj tbkejgtrpjk njk yjl~r

gbkejtjc lfkncuc ~cnjl hbkilb~

Lb`jhcljk njpc tpfubu apf~mcki gjlj tpfubu apf~mckm

tbkejgtrpjkksj nc`jyjm~bljkjk+ ^jmjtjk tpfubu apf~mcki

nclhjucacljucljk lb njhjg ~cij tpfubu ?

j+ P':0 -EAE':0# ncirkjljk njhjg tpfubu


32/80

`+ Tpfubu ~bpgjh apf~me+ Tpfubu lcgcj apf~m

Tpfubu apf~mrki nc`bnjljk njpc tpfubu lfkqbkucfkjh njpc tpfach

tbg`rjujjk+ Tpfubu apf~mcki ~cnjl gbgchclc epbjg ~cgb( `jmljk jljk

ubibpj gbkibg`rki njpc gc}cki mbjn ubtbp~c `ruj tjnj tbkerlrp

pjg`r~+ Tbp`bnjjk jk~jpj tpfubu lfkqbkucfkjh njk tpfubu apf~mcki

~bphcmj~ tjnj ijg`jp 5+> `bpclr~+

Yjl~r Pbjluc

:44

24

4^ckiic@ruj-"#

Ijgj`jp 5+> Tbp`jknckijk kjclksj @ruj

Tjnj ljuru `ruj rpb~mjkb lfkqbkucfkjh( epbjg ~cgb ncj~rp njhjg

lcujpjk :4'54 nb~cl njk pcub ~cgb ncj~rp tjnj lcujpjk 14' :04 nb~cl+

Rk~rl `ruj ahbluc`bh ibhhcki `cjujksj ~bpojnc ub`bhrg pcub ~cgb njk ~jel

apbb ~cgb jljk grkerh ub~bhjm pcub ~cgb ubhbujc+ Lb`jhcljkksj rk~rl

~jel apbb ~cgb `ruj pcicn tfhsrpb~mjkb ljnjki nctbphrljk ub`bhrg pcub

~cgb ubhbujc yjhrtrk `cjujksj ~bpojnc ub~bhjm pcub ~cgb ubhbujc+Tpfubu apf~mcki nclbg`jkiljk fhbm Nr Tfk~ Ef+(tpfubu ckc

gbgchclc lbrk~rkijk jk~jpj hjck ucaj~ acucu sjki cuf~pftcl njk ~bljkjk

tbg`rujjk sjki hb`cm pbknjm+ Gb~fnb ~bpub`r~hb`cm uburjc ncirkjljk

rk~rl tpfnrluc tjkbh sjki hrju njhjg tpfnrluc tj`pcl j~jr


33/80

tbg`rujjk tfrp ck thjeb tjnj jthcljuc hjtjkijk ubtbp~c tjnj tjkbh

`jkirkjk njk ~jkilc lcgcj+

Tpfubu apf~mcki EAE':0 ncecpcljk nbkijk tbkiirkjjk `bpujgj

EAE':0 njk EAE':: sjki ~bpojnc tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp jg`cbk~+Tpfubu

apf~mcki ~mbpgjh -tjkju# nchjlrljk nbkijk pbjluc tbpebtj~jk

tbgrkerhjk iju nbkijk ejpj pbjluc lcgcj lmruru tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp

jg`cbk~( gcujh nbkijk tbkjg`jmjk ubnclc~ gb~mjkfh lb njhjg ucu~bg


34/80

@J@ CQ

OBKCU @RUJ RPB^MJKB

>+: @ruj Rpb~mjkb Ahbluc`bh

>+:+: Tbg`rj~jk @ruj Rpb~mjkb Ahbluc`bh

@ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh gbgchclc tjujp ~b`bujp nc`jknckiljk

tpfnrl rpb~mjk sjki hjck+ @ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ncnbackcucljk ub`jijc

`ruj rpb~mjkb sjki ftbk ebhhbn sjki `bpucaj~ ubibpj lbg`jhc lb yrorn

ubgrhj ub~bhjm tbkbljkjk+ @ruj ckc njtj~ nclhjucacljucljk hjic gbkojnc

nrj obkcu sjlkc `ruj tfhsb~mbp njk `ruj tfhsbu~bp+ Hb`cm hjkor~ `ruj

tfhcb~mbp nc`jic hjic gbkojnc `ruj ahbluc`bh lfkqbkucfkjh( `ruj ahbluc`bh

mcki pbucu~bkeb -@ruj MP#( `ruj eb~jl nckick( `ruj urtbp hrkjl njk

`ruj urtbp bhju~cu+

@ruj ubgc ahbluc`bh -ubgc pcicn# ljnjki nclhjucacljucljk njhjg

`ruj ahbluc`bh+ @ruj ckc gbgchclc lb~jmjkjk `b`jk njk tbgrhcmjk

~bpmjnjt ~bljkjk sjki `jiru+ @ruj ahbluc`bh gclpfubhrhjp njk `ruj

ahbluc`bh ck~bipjh ulck njtj~ nclj~bifpcljk njhjg `ruj ahbluc`bh+ Tjnj

`b`bpjtj ljuru `ruj gclpfubhrhbp nclhjucacljucljk nhjg bhju~fgbp

-ljpb~#+

@ruj sjki `bp`bnj njtj~ nctbpucjtljk nbkijk tbgchcmjk tfhsfh

sjki uburjc+ Tfhscufesjkj~ ncirkjljk ub`jijc ofckcki jibk~ rk~rl tfhsfh

nctjknjki ub`jijc lfgtfkbk r~jgj sjki tjhcki tbk~cki njhjg

tbkbk~rjk ucaj~ acucu njpc tfhcgbp sjki ncmjuchljk+

@ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh gbhctr~c `ruj uhj`u~fel( `ruj ~bpeb~jl

njk `ruj tfrp ck thjeb+ Tjnj `b`bpjtj ljuru nrj `ruj ~bpjlmcp njtj~

nckjgjljk `ruj PCG -Pbje~cfk Ckobe~cfk Gfrhncki# ahbluc`bh+

Tpfubu Mjpn Gc}cki

Tjnj ujj~ tbkibg`jkijk njk tfhsrpb~mjkb( ~blkcl mjpn gc}cki

ubejpj hrju ncirkjljk ~cnjl mjksj rk~rl `ruj ahbluc`bh ~b~jtc orij

rk~rl `ruj pcicn+ ^blkcuc sjki ~bphj~cm `jcl njtj~ gbgtbpucjtljk `ruj


35/80

`bplrjhc~ju nbkijk lbgjgtrjk pbtpfnrluc sjki `jcl mjksj nbkijk

tpfubu mjpn gc}cki+

Gj~bpcjh njk Bzrctgbk~

Usu~bg lfk~jckbp 7 tjtbp ertu -ibhju lbp~ju sjki `bphjtcu hchckuj~r tfhsb~mshbkb# ljtjuc~ju 4+2':+4 hc~bp

Lfk~jckbp afjgcki 7 @f} ljsr -:2}:2}:2eg j~jr 54}54}54egnchjtcu lbp~ju lpja~ j~jr tfhsb~mshbk#+ @f} njpc lbp~ju j~jr `jl

tfhsb~mshbk sjki nctjljc ub`jijc nprg nbkijk ljtjuc~ju 0'2 h~+

Rlrpjk lfk~jckbp sjki uburjc nctchcm `bpjnjujp tjnj orghjm

usu~bg sjki gbkibg`jki njk tbplcpjjk tjnj nbkuc~ju `ruj+

Lfk~jckbp sjki hb`cm `bujp hb`cm ncurljc tjnj tbkbk~rjk

afpgrhjuc ljpbkj lfk~jckbp ~bpub`r~ njtj~ gbg`bpcljk ujgtbh

sjki `bpijg rk~rl tbkirocjk+

Tbpjhj~jk rk~rl `hjkn gc}cki 7 ~cg`jkijk :'0 li( jhj~ urk~clrk~rl lj~jhcu njk urpaje~jk~ -ljtuc~ju 2gh( :gh njk 4+:gh#(

tbkijnrl njpc ibhju j~jr ljsr( gc}bp lbebtj~jk ~ckiic njk ~cgbp+

Tpfubnrp tbg`rujjk jnjhjm ub`jijc `bpclr~?

j+ Uburjcljk ljpbkj ~bgtbpj~rp `jmjk `jlr 04'02 E`+ Tbpucjtljk lfgtfkbk J( ~cg`jki tfhscufesjkj~ njhjg

ibhju lbp~ju -lfgtfkbk cufesjkj~ ntj~ ncub`r~ lfgtfkbk J#

e+ Tbpucjtljk lfgtfkbk @? ~cg`jki ubgrj `jmjk sjkinctjljc lberjhc cufesjkj~( tjnj ibhju lbp~ju sjki hjck+ Jnrl

tbhjk'tbhjk gbkiirkjljk tbkijnrl ibhju+ @jmjk sjki gbgchclc

tpfubk~juc ubnclc~ ncgjurlljk gbkiirkjljk jhj~ urk~cl+ Rk~rl

lb~bhc~cjk gjlj irkjljk jhj~ urk~cl sjki uburjc+ Qfhrgb njpc

`jmjk njtj~ ncmc~rki `bpnjujp tjnj nbkuc~juksj+ Tbkiirkjjk

jhj~ urk~cl ckc pbhj~ca babl~ca rk~rl `jmjk njhjg orghjm ubnclc~+

Lj~jhcu nbkijk orghjm ujkij~ ubnclc~ ncgjurlljk

gbkiirkjljk tctb~( nbkijk `bpj~ ~b~bujk tctb~ njtj~ nc~bk~rljk


36/80

lbgrncjk+ Lj~jhcu nbkij orghjm ujkij~ ubnclc~ njtj~ orij

nc~cg`jki gbkiirkjljk ~cg`jkijk jkjhc~cu( ~b~jtc ~cg`jkijk ckc

~cnjl ncpblfgbknjucljk ljpbkj gbkjg`jm yjl~r njk pbuclf

`bpj~ `bphb`cm+

Tpfubnrp sjki hb`cm tbk~cki hjckksj jnjhjm gb~fnb

tbkjg`jmjk `hfycki jibk~( ljpbkj EAE':: 3~c~cl ncncm 0> E#

grnjm gbkirjt tjnj urmr ljgjp+ @jmjk `hfycki jibk~ `cuj

gbkirjt ubmckiij ljknrkijk EAE':: sjki uburkiirmksj njhjg

ucu~bg `cuj `bplrpjki+

Lbujhjmjk sjki ~bpojnc `cjujksj :4"+ Ljpbkj jhjujk c~r(

tbk~cki rk~rl gbkirhjki tbkjg`jmjk njk tpfubnrp gc}cki

rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk mc~rkijk tju~c njpc EAE'::+

Ub~bhjm tpfubu tbkejgtrpjk ubgtrpkj(EAE':: ~cnjl

gbkirjt rk~rl tbpcfnb yjl~r tbkejgtrpjk sjki ub`bk~jp(

ublc~jp :'0 gbkc~+ Tpbgc} sjki ncnjtj~ljk lfgtfkbk @+

n+ Tbpucjtjk Tbg`rujjk+ Tbkijnrljk lfgtfkbk @nchjlrljk njhjg ibhju lbp~ju ubhjgj 2 nb~cl+ Ubibpj ub~bhjm

tbkijnrljk ubgrj lfgtfkbk J ncgjurlljk lb lfgtfkbk @

-lfgtfkbk J sjki ~bpucuj njtj~ nc~bk~rljk lbgrncjk#(

tbkijnrljk ubhjgj 2'04 nb~cl+ Yjl~r tbkijnrljk ckc mjpru hb`cm

tbknbl njpc epbjg ~cgb+ Ejgtrpjk ubibpj nc~rjki njhjg

lfk~jckbp tbg`rujjk+ Njhjg `b`bpjtj ljuru usu~bg

tbkejgtrpjk nc~ckiijhljk njk nc`cjpljk gbkibg`jki tjnj

lfk~jckbp sjki ujgj+ Epbjg ~cgb( ibh ~cgb( pcub ~cgb njk ~jel apbb

~cgb ncrlrp njk ncej~j~+ Gb~fnb sjki ncgfncacljuc njtj~ orij

ncirkjljk ~bpijk~rki njpc tjnj `ruj sjki nctbpucjtljk njktbpjhj~jk hj`fpj~ sjki ~bpubncj+

b+ Tfu~ Ejpb+ Ub~bhjm `ruj gbkibg`jki kjcl( `rujub`jclksj ncgjurlljk njhjg fqbk nbkijk urmr 14'=4 E ubhjgj

uj~r ojg( hb`cm `jcl hjic ubhjgj ubgjhjg rk~rl gbkrk~juljk

pbjluc cufesjkj~+ Ub`jijc jh~bpkj~ca erpcki urmr prjki ujgtbh


37/80

njtj~ ucgtjk nc prjkijk ujgtjc `b`bpjtj mjpc ub`bhrg

nchjlrljk tbkirocjk+

a+ Gb~fnb tbkirocjk ucaj~'ucaj~ `ruj+ Ubejpj rgrg ucaj~`ruj ub`jkncki nbkijk nbkuc~juksj+Fhbm ub`j` c~r ucaj~ acucu sjki

mjpru nc~bk~rljk ~bphb`cm njmrhr jnjhjm nbkuc~ju `ruj+ Nbkuc~ju

`ruj njtj~ nc~bk~rljk nbkijk tbpujgjjk `bpclr~?

Nbkuc~ju 7 @bpj~&Qfhrgb< nbkijk uj~rjk nbkuc~ju jnjhjm li&g5

-UC#+ Gb~fnb ~bu~ sjki hb`cm `jlr nc~bk~rlj nbkijk JU^G N'529>( ncub`r~ orij ~bu~

@r~hbp Emcgkbs#( cknblu flucibk ~bp`j~ju -JU^G N'0=15#( nbkuc~ju

jujt -JU^G N'0=>4#+

Ujhjm uj~r njpc `ruj ahbluc`bh tfhsrpb~mjkb jnjhjm

erumcfkcki -lbksjgjkjk#+ Ijg`jp >+: gbkrkorlljk

tbp`jknckijk njpc lrpqj jk~jpj tfhsbu~bp( tfhsb~mbp njk `ruj MP


38/80

Ajl~fp Uji -ajl~fp lbksjgjkjk# jnjhjm tbp`jknckijk njpc ijsj

lfgtpbuc 12" nc`jic nbkijk ijsj 02" njk ncirkjljk rk~rl

gbkimc~rki lbgjgtrjk erumcfkcki+ Ajl~fp Uji rk~rl lb~cij obkcu `ruj

njtj~ nchcmj~ tjnj ~j`bh >+: `bpclr~ ?

^j`bh >+: Tbp`jknckijk ajl~fp Uji njpc `bp`jijc obkcu `ruj

@ruj Ajl~fp Uji

@ruj Ahbluc`bh Tfhsbu~bp :+0 :+9

@ruj ahbluc`bh Tfhsb~mbp :+>':+=

@ruj MP 0+>'5+4

Ucaj~ tbk~cki hjck njpc `ruj ahbluc`bh tfhsrpb~mjkb jnjhjm

Cnbk~j~cfk Afpeb Nbahbe~cfk -CAN# j~jr Efgtpbuucfk Afpeb Nbahbe~ccfk

-EAN#( efgtpbucfk ub~ njk jicki lbhbg`j`jk+

Jthcljuc @ruj Rpb~mjkb

@jmjk rk~rl tbpbnjg jnjhjm jnjhjm jthcljuc r~jgj `ruj

rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh+ Tjnj ~jmrk :3=4 lfkurguc `ruj rpb~mjkb nrkcj

jnjhjm 59" rk~rl arpkc~rpb njk gj~~pbu( :=" rk~rl jr~fgf~ca( jthcljuc

sjki hjck rk~rl ~pjkutfp~juc( ~blu~ch( tjeljicki( prgjm ~jkiij( gbncu(

tbpbnjg urjpj( `jpjki fhjm pjij( lfugb~cl( ~jkjm jp~cacecjh njk gjckjk+

>+:+0 @ruj Uhjù~fel

@ruj lf~jl lfk~ckr nc`rj~ nbkijk ejpj tbkrjkijk lfk~ckr

lfgtfkbk ejcp `ruj ncj~ju lfkqbsfp sjki `bpojhjk( ncub`r~ ub`jijc

`ruj uhjù~fel+

Tpfubu `ruj mfpcufk~jh lfkqbsfp ubejpj hrju ~bhjm ncirkjljk

ubojl njmrhr njpc jyjh cknru~pc `ruj rpb~mjkb+ Nbyjuj ckc tpfubu

tpfnrlucksj ~bhjm nclbg`jkiljk+

Tf~fkijk uchjki njpc `ruj uhjù~fel sjki nctpfnrluc nbkijk

tpfubu lfkqbsfp mfpcufk~jh ~cnjl `rorp ujkiljp ~btj~( gbhjckljk

gbgchclc tbpgrljjk j~ju sjki gbhbkilrki+ Fhbm ub`j` c~r tpfubu


39/80

nclbg`jkiljk jijp gbkijmuchljk tf~fkijk gbhck~jki `rorp ujkiljp(

njk urnjm ncirkjljk njhjg cknru~pc `ruj ubljpjki+

Ijg`jp >+0 gbprtjljk ulbgj njpc gbuck lfk~ckr rk~rl

tpfnrluc uhj`u~fel( ubnjkiljk ijg`jp >+5 ulbgj rk~rl gbuck lfk~ckr

~bphjgckjuc+


40/80

@ruj uhjù~fel lf~jl hb`cm cpc~ `cjsj njpctjnj `ruj uhjù~fel

lfkqbkucfkjh+ @ruj c~r njtj~ nctpfnrluc nbkijk ejpj mfpcufk~jh

gjrtrk qbp~cljh+

Njhjg ljuru gbuck tbg`ruj gjlj tpfubu fkb umf~ hb`cm `jksjl

ncirkjljk+ Ubgrj `jmjk nctfgtj lb njhjg gc}cki mbjn gbhjhrc jhcpjk

sjki `bp`bnj+ @jijcgjkjtrk( njpc urnr~ tjknjki qculfuc~ju( pjucf

gc}cki njk lbgrnjmjk tpfubu( ub`jclksj `b`bpjtj ljknrkijk

nctpbgc} ~bphb`cm njmrhr ubgcujh jcp njk lj~jhcu ~ck njk jgckb j~jr

lj~jhcu ~ck njk ub`jicjk tfhsfh+

Nbkuc~ju njpc `ruj uhjù~fel njtj~ `bpqjpcjuc njhjg lcujpjk :4'54

li&g5 ~bpijk~rki njpc tbpgck~jjk tjujp+ @ruj nbkijk nbkuc~ju hb`cm

~ckiic njtj~ nctpfnrluc nbkijk ~blkcl uhjù~fel `chj tbphr+

@bp`jijc gjejg afpgrhjuc njk gfncacljuc ejucki njtj~ ncirkjljk

rk~rl gbgtpfnrluc `ruj uhjù~fel+ Qjpcjuc afpgrhjucksj ~bpijk~rki

njpc `jmjk `jlr sjki ~bpubncj( lbtbphrjk ucaj~ `ruj( `cjsj tpfnrluc njk

tpfubu tpfnrluc+ @bp`jijc efk~fm afpgrhjuc rk~rl tpfnrluc uhjù~fel

apbb'pcub jnj tjnj ~j`bh >+0 njk ~j`bh >+5( >+>+

^j`bh >+0 Uhjù~fel ~jktj Ahjgb Pb~jpnjk~

@jmjk " `bpj~

Tfhsfh'ihsebpfh'`jubn tfhs -f}stpftchbk#

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1=+:

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nbkijk jcp

:+9

Jr}chjps `hfycki jibk~' Ahrfpfejp`fk 2+2

Lj~jhcu Fpijkf~ck ujh~ 4+0

Lj~jhcu ^bp~cjps jgckb 4+5

Urpaje~jk~' Uchcefkb tfhcgbp 4+9


41/80

^j`bh >+5 Ucaj~ Acucu

UCAJ^ ACUCU UC Rkc~

Nbkuc~ju( li&g5 03

CHN

02" P( -K&505 eg0#

12" P -K&505 eg0#

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051

Uji aje~fp :+31

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Bhfkij~cfk 044

^bjp U~pbim~ -K&g# 0=4

Efgtpbucfk ub~(" 9+2

Pb`frkn( " 24


42/80

>+:+5 @ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ~bpeb~jl

@ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ~bpeb~jl ~bhjm ncirkjljk rk~rl

gbtpfnrluc `ruj nbkijk `bk~rl ~bp~bk~r ubtbp~c lrpuc gf`ch j~jr lrpuc

arpkc~rpb+ @ruj ~bpeb~jl ~bpururk njpc lrhc~ `ruj nbkuc~ju ~fkiic njk

ck~c `ruj nbkuc~ju pbknjm+ Ujhjm uj~r ncu~pc`ruc eb~jl rk~rl ~bgtj~

~cnrp nbkijk lb~b`jhjk :4 eg uburjc ijg`jp >+> `bpclr~+

Ijg`jp >+> Tpfach nbkuc~ju njpc `ruj ahbluc`bh ~bpeb~jl


43/80

EAN -Efgtpbucfk afpeb nbahbe~cfk# ub`jijcgjkj CAN njpc `ruj

~pbub`r~ lrpqjksj hb`cm hckejm `chj nc`jkncki uhj`u~fel ub`jijcgjkj

ijg`jp >+2 `bpclr~

Ijg`jp >+1 Nbafpgjuc lfgtpbuca `ruj ahbluc`bh


44/80

Njhjg tpfubu tbpeb~jljk `jmjk sjki urnjm ncejgtrp nc~rjki

gbhjrc gc}cki mbjn lb njhjg eb~jljk sjki nctjkjuc hb`cm njmrhr -tpb

mbj~bn# sjki ~bp`rj~ njpc jhrgckrg `joj j~jr pbuck btf}s+ @jmjk

ejgtrpjk gbkibg`jki njhjg gfhn njk `ruj sjki ncmjuchljk ncojij

tjnj lfkncuc erpcki njk ubhjkor~ksj ncclr~c nbkijk nbgfhncki+

Tpfubu `ruj ~bpeb~jl njtj~ nclhjucacljucljk gbkojnc 0 obkcu sjc~r

tpfubu `ruj eb~jl tjkju njk tpfubu `ruj eb~jl nckick+ Lbnrj tpfubu ckc

ncojhjkljk nbkijk ~bgtbpj~rp gfhncki jnk fqbk+

MP afjg ncj~bifpcljk ub`jijc `ruj efhn gfhnbn ljpbkj njtj~

nceb~jl nbkijk ~bgtbpj~rp pbknjm+ @ruj MP gbgchclc afpgrhjuc sjki

ubnclc~ `bp`bnj njpc `ruj lfkqbkucfkjh u~jknjp efhn gfhnbn hjck+ Jnj

`bpjijg afpgrhjuc `ruj eb~jl njhjg hc~bpj~rp( `bpclr~ gbprtjlk efk~fm

sjki njtj~ ncirkjljk ub`jijc tbp`jknckijk+

>+:+5+: @ruj eb~jl Tjkju njk @ruj Eb~jl Nckick

@ruj eb~jl tjkju nctpfnrluc gbkiirkjljk `jcl tfhsfh tfhsb~mbp

lfkqbkucfkjh -5444 GY 5 ark~cfkjh tpftchbk f}cnb jnnre~# j~jr 5 tfhsfh

tfhcb~mbp `bprorki FM tpcgbp nbkijk ^NC( ~b~jtc ~cnjl nbkijk GNC+

Ljpbkj c~r `ruj eb~jl njtj~ nctbp~cg`jkiljk ubejpj bubkucjh ub`jijc

`ruj `bp`jucu ^NC+

@ruj eb~jl nckick nc`rj~ nbkijk afpgrhjuc ejgtrpjk jk~jpj ^NC

nnjk GNC j~jr :442 GNC( ljpbkj tbkiirkjjk `bpujgj ^NC njk GNC

gbgrkilckljk rk~rl fqbk njk gfhn urmr pbknjm+ Mjh ckc ljpbkj

pbjluc hb`cm ebtj~ njpctjnj GNC+GNC sjki ncirkjljk njt~ GNC grpkc(

GNC ~bpgfncacljuc j~jrtrk GNC tfhcgbpcl+ Jnj ljc~jk jk~jpj `ruj eb~jl

nckick nbkij `ruj MP+

Tjnj ujj~ ckc `ruj MP nctpfnrluc ubhjsjlksj tpfnrluc eb~jl

nckick( gcujh nbkijk afpgrhjc ejgtrpjk jk~jpj GNC njk ^NC njhjg

~bgtbpj~rp eb~jl sjki pbknjm+ Njhjg tbplbg`jkiijksj( `ruj MP

mjksj gbgjljc `ruj `bp`jucu ^NC sjki gbg`r~rmljk lfkncuc eb~jl


45/80

tjkju+ Nhjg mjh ckc gjlj `ruj MP ~cnjl ujgj nbkijk `ruj eb~jl

nckick+

Jtj`chj nc`jknckiljk nbkijk `ruj eb~jl nckick gjlj `ruj eb~jl

tjkju gbgtrksjc lblrpjkijk sjc~r urmr hb`cm ~ckiic njk yjl~r pbjluchb`cm hjgj+ Lbhb`cmjkksj jnjhjm pjucf hb`cm ~ckiic njpctjnj

b``jk&nbkuc~ju( hb`cm grpjm njk tpfubu hb`cm grnjm njk gjgtr

gbkimjuchljk tpfnrl sjki hb`cm prgc~+ Efk~fm Afpgrhjuc rk~rl eb~jl

tjkju ~bpnjtj~ njhjg ^j`bh >+2

^j`bh >+2 Afpgrhjuc `ruj eb~jl tjkju -~b`jh > ckemc#

Afpgrhjuc " y~

5444 GY ~pcfh -Ube'FM# :44

Uchclfk urpaje~jk~ 0+4

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^pcb~mshbk ncjgckb 4+:4

EAE':: :4+4

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Nbkuc~ju 7 02 li&g5

>+:+> Mcim Pbucu~bkeb -MP# afjg

@ruj MP ncecpcljk nbkijk mcim `jhh pb`frkn -bhju~cu#( lbmchjkijk

mcu~bpcucu sjki pbknjm njk ajl~fp uji sjki ~ckiic+ @ruj MP njtj~

nctpfnrluc nbkijk `ruj uhj`u~fel j~jr ~bpeb~jl+

@ruj MP ~bpeb~jl `jksjl ncirkjljk njhjg `cnjki jr~fgf~ca njk

lrpuc gf`ch+ Jnj > gjejg ~blkfhfic tpfnrluc `ruj MP+

j+^blkfhfic epfuuhcklbp


46/80

`+^blkfhfic Tfhsfh Ipja~e+^blkfhfic Tfhsfh TMNn+^blkfhfic Cufesjkj~ lmruru@ruj MP `cjujksj gbkijknrki ubh ~bp~r~rt sjki gjkj jljk

gbkojnc ub`j` gjujhjm tbkibpr~jk `ruj+ Rk~rl gbkij~jucksj ubibpj

ub~bhjm nbgfhncki `ruj nclrj~ljk gbhjhrc eprumcki rk~rl gbgbejm

gbg`pjk ubh sjki ~bp~r~rt lbgrncjk ncerpcki nhjg fqbk+ Tbgchcmjk

sjki ~btj~ rk~rl urpaje~jk~ gbprtjljk ufhruc sjki tbk~cki ljpbkj

gjuhjm gbkilbpr~ j~jr `ruj sjki lfhjt+

^blkfhfic epfuuhcklbp+ Urj~r ubksjyj fpijkcl nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh

pbknjm gbkijknrki 0 j~jr hb`cm j~fg mcnpfibk jl~ca( ubtp~c K'gb~msh

ncb~mjkfhjgckb( ncb~mjkfhjgckb( ~pcb~mjkfhjgckb( ~pcgb~mshtpftjkb

nc~jg`jmljk lb njhjg tfhsfh rk~rl gbg`bk~rl ubigbk sjki lbpju

tjnj `ruj sjki ncmjuchljk+

^blkfhfic tfhsfh ipja~+ Tfhsfh ipja~ -Tfhsfh Tfhcgbp# nc`rj~ nbkijk ejpj

ipja~cki jepshfkc~pchb njk gfkfgbp u~pspbkb `bpnrj j~jr jepshfkc~pchb

ubkncpc nbkijk tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp lfkqbkucfjkjh+Tfhsfh ipja~ gbkrkorlljk

lbgjgtrjk ~jmjkjk `b`jk sjki gjkj gbkojij njhjg gbgckcgljk

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rk~rl gbklbpir~+

Ejgtrpjk sjki uburjc jnjhjm nbkijk tbkiirkjjk 94&54 un 24&24

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nbkijk ejgtrpjk =4?04 ^NC njk tfhcgbp GNC -Pjucf cufgbp =4&04#+

Ujj~ ckc ljknrkijk tjnj~ -ufhcn# sjki hb`cm ~ckiic tfhsfh ipja~ gcujh 54'

24" thsfh tjnj~ ~bhjm ~bpubncj nc tjujpjk+

^blkfhfic tfhsfh TMN( nc`rj~ nbkijk ejpj gbkjg`jmljk ^NC tbhjk'tbhjk lb njhjg ejgtrpjk tfhsfh lfkqbkucfkjh nk msnpjck nc`jyjm

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gbkimjuchljk ncutbpuc tfhsrpbj+ Ncutbpucc ~bpub`r~ u~j`ch njk ~cnjl

gbkibknjt+ Tfhsfh TMN gbgtrksjc lb~jmjkjk `b`jk ~ckiic sjki

lb~jmjkjk jtcksj orij kjcl+u


47/80

^blkfhfic Cufesjkj~ lmruru( tfhccufesjkj~ sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl

`ruj MP jnjhjm ^NC( GNC ejcp( ejgtrpjk ^NC njk GNC ejcp j~jr GNC

gbk~jm+ Rk~rl ~jg`jmjk thscufesjkj~( cufesjkj~ lmruru njtj~

ncirkjljk ubkncpc j~jr njhjg lfg`ckjuc nbkijk cufesjkj~ ncj~ju+

Tfhscufesjkj~ lmruru gbhctr~c ^NC sjki gbkijknrki cufesjkrpj~b(

^nc gbkijknrki `crpb~( ^NC sjki gbkijknrki jjehftmjkj~b njk

tpbtfhsgbp rpb~mjkb+ Tfhrcufesjkj~b lmruru gbgtrksjc lbhb`cmjk

ubgjejg bpucu~bkuc sjki ~ckiic+ Ubejpj rgrg afpgjuc `ruj ftbk ebhhbn(

ehfub ebhhbn njk lfhjt ubtbp~c ijg`jp >+9 `bpclr~ ckc+


48/80

Obhju njpc ijg`jp c~r `jmyj `ruj ftbk ebhhbn njtj~ nctbpfhbm nbkijk

mjksj gbkojij lbubcg`jkijk nrj pbjluc sjc~r tbg`bk~rljk

tfhsrpb~mjkb njk tbgrkerhjk iju+ Jtj`chj tbgrkerhjk iju ~bphjhr

ebtj~ gjlj `ruj sjki gbkibg`jki njtj~ lfhjt ubtbp~c `ruj tjnj

gckrgjk `bbp( ljpbkj `ruj ~cnjl u~j`ch+

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j~gfuabp+

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gjujhjm tbkilbpr~jk+

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49/80

02" -K&505 eg0#

12" -K&g#

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50/80

@ruj ~bpeb~jl lblbpjujk ijknj+ Ujj~ ckc ~bhjm `bplbg`jki `ruj

eb~jl nbkijk lblbpjujk ijknj+ Tpfnrl lrpuc f~fgf~ca njk arpkc~rp

gbprtjljk tpfnrl sjki gbkbljkljk tjnj lbksjgjkjk nbkijk ejpj

tbkiirkjjk nrj hjtcujk nbkijk nrj lblbpjujk sjki `bp`bnj+

>+:+> Bhju~fgbp Rpb~mjkb Gcepfubhrhbp -ljpb~#

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gbkijknrki jcp+ Hjpr~jk c~r jk~jpj hjck hjpr~jk ufncrg urhafkj~ njpc


51/80

gcksjl qbib~j`hb sjki gbkijknrki uborghjm lbech jcp+ Lj~jhcu sjki

ncirkljk jnhjm lj~jhcu sjki ujgj tjnj `ruj rpb~mjkb+ @jmjk'`jmjk

c~r ncejgtrp njk nc~rjkiljk lb njhjg eb~jljk sjki tjkju njk ncerpcki

ubhjgj yjl~r ~bp~bk~r+ U~bhjm nbgfhncki nchjlrljk tfu~ erpb rk~rl

gbksbgtrpkjljk pbjluc tbg`bk~rljk tfhcgbp+

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ck~c nbkuc~ju pbknjm+ Lbubhrprmjk nbkuc~ju `bplcujp jk~jpj 044'::44

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ulck+

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sjki gbgtrksjc `bpj~ gfhblrh 0444 un =444 njk are~cfkjhc~jksj nrj

j~jr ~cij+ Tfhsfh tfhsb~mbp tpcgbp `bprorki mcnpfluch sjki hb`cm efefl

ncirkjljk+ Emjck b}~bknbp njk epfuu hcklbp ornj ncirkjljk `bpujgj

tfhsfh rk~rl gbg`bk~rl ubigbk sjki lbpju njpc `ruj ljpb~ sjki

ncmjuchljk+

@hfycki jibk~ sjki ncirkjljk njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj ck~bipjh

ulck jnjhjm ufhqbk~ kfk pbjl~ca sjki gbgchclc ~c~cl ncncm pbknjm( ubtbp~c

EAE':: -~c~cl ncncm 0>E#+ Ufhqbk ~bpub`r~ ~cnjl gbkirjt nc tbpgrljjk


52/80

gfhn nckick njk gbkimjuchljk lrhc~ pbuck sjki ~ckiic+ Lb~b`jhjk njpc

lrhc~ nclfk~pfh fhbm tbp`bnjjk ~bgtbpj~rp jk~jpj gfhn njk ~bgtbpj~rp

ejgtrpjk `ruj njhjg gfhn( ubtbp~c ~bljkjk tbg`rujjk sjki grkerh

ljpbkj fqbptjelcki njpc ucu~bg tbg`rujjk njhjg gfhn+

Jcp ~cnjl efefl ncirkjljk ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~ rk~rl

tbg`rj~jk lrhc~ sjki tjnj~( fhbm ljpbkj c~r mjksj ncirkjljk njhjg

`b`bpjtj ljuru+ Tbkiirkjjk EAE sjki nc`j~juc gbknfpfki tbkejpcjk

gb~fnb `jpr+

Ujhjm uj~r gb~fnb sjki nclbg`jkiljk jnjhjm gbkiirkjljk jcp

:44" ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~ `ruj ck~bpipjh ulck+ Ucaj~ acucuksj ~bhjm

nchjtfpljk `b`bpjtj chgryjk -Gjnjo nll#+ Lj~jhcu sjki ncirkjljk

njhjg ck~bipjh ulck jnjhjm ~bp~cjps jgckb ubtbp~c ~pcb~mshbk ncjgckb(

fpijkf~ck ubtbp~c nc`r~mshbk nchjrpj~b njk ejgtrpjk lbnrjksj+ Jnc~ca

ubgjejg tcigbk njk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ njtj~ orij ncirkjljk njhjg

usu~bg tbg`rujjk+

Ucaj~ nbkuc~ju njpc ck~bipjh ulck rk~rl tpfnrl lfgbpucjh `bplcujp

jk~jpj 544 un 324 li&g5 njk lblbpjujk umjpb J ublc~jp 34+ Lblbpjujk

umfpb N ublc~jp >4'34+ Ijg`jp >+= gbkrkorlljk efk~fm ncu~pc`ruc `ruj

ck~bipjh ulck+

Ijg`jp >+= Tpfacl nbkuc~ju `ruj tfhsrpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh ck~bipjh ulck


53/80

Hckilrt jthcljuc `ruj ulck ck~bipjh ujkij~ ~bpijk~rki tjnj

nbkuc~ju `ruj ubtbp~c `bpclr~ ckc+

Nbkuc~ju -li&g5# Jthcljuc

544 -:5':3 tea# Ubnbh ubtbnj( ck~bpcfp gf`ch

144 -02'5=tea# Ufh ubtj~r

::44 ->>'13 tea# @fns hrjp f~fgf~ca

>+:+1 @ruj ahbluc`bh ahjgb pb~jpnjk~

Lbgjgtrjk `jmjk sjki ~ckiic njk tbgrkerhjk iju sjki `bpjerk

njpc `ruj rpb~mjkb ahbuc`bh gbprtjljk gjujhjm r~jgj njhjg cknru~pc

`ruj+ Fhbm ljpbkj c~r nchjlrljk rujmj rk~rl gbg`rj~ sjki ubejpj

ur`~jkucjh jnjhjm `ruj ahbluc`bh sjki ahjgb pb~jpnjk~+

Tjnj ~jmrk :3=5(Gf`js embgcejh gbhrkerpljk EGMP

-Efg`r~cfk'gfncacbn mcim Pbucu~bkeb Afjg#+ @ruj ~bpub`r~ `bpnjujp

tjnj thhsfh TMN njk ^NC njk gbkijknrki grj~jk sjki ~ckiic jhrgckj

msnpj~b njk tbgchcmjk sjki mj~c'mj~c njpc obkcu ajhgb pb~jpnjk~+ @JUA

gbkirurhljk tbkiirkjjk grj~jk ~ckiic gbhjgck ub`jijc ahjgb

pb~jpnjk~+ Ujj~ ckc lfg`ckjuc gbhjgck njk tfhsfh gbkijknrki tmfutfp

nc~bhc~c fhbm fhck+

Afuaj~ bu~bp ~bpmjhfibkjuc njk `jksjl sjki hjck ahjgb pb~jpnjk~

ubtbp~c ubksjyj gbkijknrki afuafp gbkijknrki afuafp ~bpgjurl

emhfpckb njk `pfgckb ubejpj ck~bkuca nc~bhc~c fhbm gchjnf+

Ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ sjki hjck+Ubksjyj fpijkcl sjki gbkijknrki

kc~pfibk ubhjck gbhjgck( ubgjejg ijpjg gbhjgck jug

tmbkfhtmfutfpce( gb~mshfh gbhjgck njk jhlch b~mbpu ubp~j sjki hjck'hjck+

>+:+9 @ruj Rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh kfk EAE

Lb`r~rmjk jljk `hfycki jibk~ jh~bpkj~ca tbkiijk~c EAE nc`jmju

tjnj `j` `hfycki jibk~+ Urnjm nclb~jmrc `jmyj tbg`rj~jk njk

tbkiirkjjk EAE sjki gbkijlc`j~ljk tbkctcujk ffkb nchjpjki

ncubhrprm nrkcj ubojl ~jmrk :332+


54/80

Gb~mshbk emhfpcnb ~bhjm ncirkjljk ub`jijc jh~bpkj~ca rk~rl EAE'

::+ Tbkiirkjjk ~rkiijh gb~mshbk emhfpcnb -GE# gbkrjc gjujhjm njhjg

tpfubucki njk hckilrkijk ljpbkj jhjujk ~fluckc~ju -`bpjerk#+

Jcp ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~ ~rkiijh gbgtrksjc `b`bpjtj gjujhjm(

~bpgjurl qculfuc~ju sjki ~ckiic( hb`cm bluf~bpg sjki jljk `bpjlc`j~

tjnj pbuclf jtc sjki hb`cm `bujp( `ruj lbpju( mjpij lfgtpbucfk ub~

~ckiic( lbmchjkijk mcu~bpcucu ~ckiic( bhfkijuc pbknjm( ~bjp u~pbim~ pbknjm

njk lburhc~jk tpfnrluc `ruj ck~bipjh ulck+ Tbkiirkjjk jcp ub`jijc

`hfycki jibk~ ~rkiijh ~bhjm `jksjl nctbhjojpc njk nc~bhc~c+

>+:+= @ruj qcuefbhju~cu njk @ruj bkbpic jnufp`cki

@ruj qculfbhju~cu gbkrkorlljk abkfgbkj pbhjlujuc ~bljkjk

ubtbp~c tbkrknjjk ~bpmjnjt tbgrhcmjk nbafpgjuc ub~bhjm tbkbljkjk+

@ruj c~r gbgbphrljk yjl~r 0'54 nb~cl rk~rl lbg`jhc lb `bk~rl

ubgrhj ub~bhjm tbkbljkjk 24"+ Ub`jhclksj `ruj MP njk `ruj

tfhcrpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh gbg`r~rmljk yjl~r sjki ujkij~ tbknbl mjgtcp

lrpjki njpc : nb~cl+ Mjh ckc `bpjp~c `ruj ~bpub`r~ gbgtrksjc pbuclf

bhju~cuc~ju pbknjm j~jr tbksbpjtjk bkbpicksj lbech+

@ruj qcuefhbhju~cu ncecpcljk nbkijk gjikc~r~b sjki ~ckiic

tbksbpjtjk bkbpic( lbmchjkijk mcu~bpcucu 4"( njgtcki urjpj njk

ib~jpjk+

Lbgjgtrjk tbksbpjtjk bkbpic sjki ~ckiic ckc gbsb`j`ljk `ruj

qculfbhju~cu ubpcki ncub`r~ `ruj tbksbpjt bkbpic j~jr tbksbpjt urjpj+

Ucaj~ tbksbpjtjk urjpj njk tbksbpjt mbk~jljk jnjhjm nrj mjh sjki

`bp`bnj( ubmckiij afpgrhjuc ft~cgrg tbg`rj~jkksj ~cnjlhjm ujgj+

@ruj tbksbpjt bkbpic ~bhjm `jksjl ncirkjljk ub`ijc ck~c `rgtbp

gf`ch+ Efk~fm hjckjthcljuc `ruj qculfbhju~cu jnjhjm lrpcu tbujyj~ prjkijkiljuj KJUJ( lrpuc `jic fpjki fpjki hjgj nrnrl ubtbp~c lrpuc ~prel(

tblbpoj ljk~fp( tchf~ tbujyj~( lrpuc fpjki ejej~( orij tjnj `cnjki fhjm

pjij sjki gbg`r~rmljk lbksjgjkjk ubtbp~c tjnj ujnbh ubtbnj(

gj~pju ubkjg( hckcki mbhg( tbijkijk ljtjh njk hjck'hjck+

>+:+3 @ruj Ahbluc`bh `bp`jucu Tfhsfh tfhcackce


55/80

@ruj ckc nc`rj~ nbkijk gbkiirkjljk tfhsfh tfhcackce GNC ejcp njk

jcp ub`jijc `hfycki jibk~+ Ujkij~hjm gbkjpcl rk~rl ncej~j~ `jmyj `ruj

ckc ncecpcljk nbkijk kchjc efgtpbuucfk ub~ ujkij~ pbknjm gbhbyj~c

lcujpjk hb`jp njpc cufesjkj~ sjc~r =4':04+ Mjh ~bpub`r~ gbgrkilckljk

rk~rl qjpcjk sjki hrju tjnj tbkiirkjjk pjucf tbkejgtrpjkksj+

Ucu~bg ckc orij ~bhjm ncgfncacljuc nbkijk tbkjg`jmj nc`bksh

ufp`c~fh jijp ~mc}f~pftcec~juksj ~ckiic ~bpmjnjt ucu~bg rk~rl gbkojij

tbkb~pjuc ucu~bg lb njhjg ubh `ruj+ Rk~rl jhjujk ckc ucu~bg `ruj sjki

lbech ubtbp~c : un :4 eg5( rk~rl tbp`jcljk `jpjki'`jpjki mjuch eb~jljk

lrpuc `ruj gf`ch gbkirpjkic `jpjki pbobe~ jlmcpksj gbkimjuchljk

`cjsj tpfnrluc hb`cm pbknjm+

>+0 @ruj Ubgc Pcicn

Nbackc `ruj rpb~mjkb ubgc pcicn j~jr ubgc ahbluc`bh ~cnjl obhju(

ijpcu `j~ju jk~jpj pcicn njk `ruj ahbluc`bh ~cnjl ncnbackcucljk nbkijk

obhju+ Ubejpj rgrg ncajmjgljk `jmyj `ruj ubgc pcicn gbgtrksjc ucaj~

lb~jmjkjk `b`jk sjki hb`cm ~ckiic njpctjnj `ruj ahbluc`bh+ @bpnjujp

pblfqbpc sjki hb`cm ubgtrpkj njpc nbafpgjuc lfgtpbucqb `ruj ckc njtj~

nclhjucacljucljk ub`jijc `ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh njhjg lfkurguc `ruj

rpb~mjkb+

Tpfubu gjkrajl~rp+Tpbtfhcgbp njk tpfubu fkb umf~ njtj~

ncirkjljk ~b~jtc tpfubu fkb umf~ `bp`jucu tfhsgbpce cufesjkj~

ncirkjljk ub`jijc prorljk ljpbkj lbgrnjmjk tpfubuksj( ncgjkj

ucu~bg gbgtrksjc qculfuc~ju pbknjm ubejpj pbhj~ca tfhcgbp cufesjkj~

lrpjki `bpjerk njk ubnclc~ gjujhjm hckilrkijkksj+

Lbpricjk njpc tpfubu fkb umf~ jnjhjm lbgrkilckjk ~bp`bk~rlksj`ruj sjki gbkilbpr~ ljpbkj ljknrkijk ubh ~bp~r~rt sjki pbhj~ca ~ckiic+

Ub`jhclksj tpfubu tpbtfhcgbp `bp`jucu ^NC gbgtrksjc lbhb`cmjk

~bpgjurl gjgtr jhcp njhjg gfhn njk ljknrkijk ftbk ebhh sjki hb`cm

~ckiic+


56/80

Tpfubu tpbtfhcgbp( ubgc tpbtfhcgbp lb`jksjljk nchjlrljk pbjluc

^NC njk tfhsfh rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk ljknrkijk KEF( 2':4"+ Tfhsfh

sjki ncirkjljk ub`jijc tpbtfhcgbp `cjujksj ej`jki jgckb j~jr tfhsfh

tfhcb~mbp `bp`jucu TF `bpjyjh ihclfh sjki gbgchclc `bpj~ gfhblrh Ej

144'>444+ Tfhcbu~bp nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh :444'0444 njtj~ orij

ncirkjljk+

Tpfubu fkb umf~+ ^NC gfkfgbpcl -=4&04 njk 12&52 pjucf cufgbp#

tjnj jyjh cknru~pc tfhsrpb~mjkb ncirkjljk lfgtfkbk tfhscufesjkj~+

^NC gbgchclc gjujhjm sjc~r `bpjerk ujj~ ckc lb`jksjljk cufesjkj~ ~bhjm

ncijk~cljk fhbm tfhcgbp cufesjkj~ njk tbkiirkjjk ^NC gbkojnc hb`cm

nc`j~juc+

Njhjg `jksjl ljuru `ruj rpb~mjkb ubgc pcicn nctpfnrluc nbkijk

gbkiirkjljk ucu~bg 0 lfgtfkbk sjc~r lfgtfkbk J -Tfhscufesjkj~

lfgtfkbk# njk lfgtfkbk @ -ejgtrpjk njpc `jmjk hjckksj `r~jncbkfh( ncb~mjkfh

jgckb( gb~msh ncb~mjkfh jgckb#( : un 5 t`y jcp( +:':4 t`y lj~jhcu( 4+2'0+

4 t`y urpaje~jk~+ Afpgrhjuc mjpn gc}ckiksj ubtbp~c ~j`bh >+3

^j`bh >+3 Afpgrhjuc @ruj ubgc pcicn fkb umf~

Lfgtfkbk J

Tfhsgbpce cufesjkj~b -KEF"?5:# 94 t`y

Lfgtfkbk @

Tfhsbu~mbp -FM Kf( GY 5444# 32+4

Zrjnpfh 2+4u

Yj~bp 5+4

^G@NJ 4+2

Nj`ef ^':0 4+45

Urpaje~jk~ 0+4


57/80

Ucaj~

Nbkuc~ju(li&g5 2>+4

^bkuchb u~pbim~( li&eg0 :+09

Bhfkij~cf " 24

Jthcljuc+ Lbirkjjk r~jgj njpc `ruj ubgc pcicn njhjg jpbj

f~fgf~ca( lmruruksj ub`jijc ck~bpcfp gb`bh( ncirkjljk ub`jijc umfel

jnufp`cki( tjkbh cku~prgbk~( lfk~pfh `f}( tbijkijk tck~r( `jk~jhjk

lbtjhj( ~bgtj~ ~jkijk njk tbkr~rt uckjp gj~jmjpc+

>+5 @ruj Rpb~mjkb Pcicn

@ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn -pjucf ~ckiic lb~jmjkjk ~bpmjnjt nbkuc~ju#

jnjhjm `ruj lbpju sjki gbgchclc ahbluc`chc~ju sjki pbknjm+ Mjh ckc

gbkrkorlljk nbafpgjuc tbpgjkbk sjki gjkj ~cnjl jnj tbgrhcmjk

lbg`jhc ub~bhjm nbafpgjuc j~jr lfgtpbuc+ Nbkijk lj~j hjck lrpqj

nbahbluc lfgtpbuc njpc `ruj tfhsrpb~mjk pcicn gbkrkorlljk ~c~cl ujoj+

Lb`jhcljk njpc `ruj rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh( `ruj pcicn rpb~mjkb

gbgtrksjc u~prl~rp lcgcj epfuu hcklbn sjki ~ckiic njk tpbubk~juc ~ckiic

ubh ~bp~r~rt gbhb`cmc 34"+ @ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn nclhjucacljucljk ub`jijc

`bpclr~ ?

' @ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn grpkc -~cnjl ~bpgfncacljuc#' @ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn gfncacljuc( ~bpgjurl nc njhjgksj gfncacljuc

cufesjkj~( gfncacljuc btf}s( gfncacljuc jgcnb njk gfncacljuc

f}jfhcnfkb+

Tpfnrluc+ Tfhscufesjkj~ sjki ncirkjljk njhjg `ruj rpb~mjkb

pcicn gbhctr~c ^NC tpbtfhcgbp( eprnb ^NC( GNC gfncacljuc cufesjkj~

tfhcgbp -gfncacljuc tfhcgbp#+ ^NC -=4&04 pjucf cufgbp# ~cnjl ubejpj hrju

ncirkjljk ljpbkj gbgrtksjc ljknrkijk cufesjkj~ sjki ~ckiic jljk

gbkimjuchljk `ruj sjki grk~cp njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj `hfl sjki

`bujp+


58/80

u Gjkrajl~rp `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn njtj~ gbkiirkjljk tpfubu fkb

umf~ gjrtrk tpfubu ubgc tpbtfhcgbp+ Tpfubu fkb umf~ sjki `bp`jucu

tjnj gfkfgbp ^NC mjksj nctjljc tjnj ~jmjt jyjh cknru~pc `ruj

tfhsrpb~mjkb+ Tbgjljck gfkfgbp ^NC urnjm ujkij~ `bplrpjki ljpbkj

jhjujk ~fluck njk lburhc~jk rk~rl gbkifk~pfh pbjl~cac~ju ljpbkj tbpubk

ljknrkijk KEF sjki ~ckiic+ Ljpbkj jhjujk ~bpub`r~ ujj~ ckc sjki hb`cm

ncirkjljk jnjhjm tpbtfhcgbp ^NC( ejgtrpjk tpbtfhcgbp ^NC njk

cufesjkj~ tfhcgbpcl njk tfhcgbpce cufesjkj~ :44"+

Tjnj cknru~pc tbknckick prgjm ~jkiij -lrhlju# tbkiirkjjk ^NC

gbk~jm -ljknrkijk KEF pbknjm gbkijknrki ubksjyj fhcifgbpcl

ubtbp~c cufesjkj~ njk fhcifgbp `bpobkcu ejp`fnccgckb# ncirkjljk ubejpj

gbhrju ljpbkj `cjsjksj grpjm+

Tjnj tbpucjtjk ubgc tpbtfhcgbp `jucu ^NC( ^NC =4&04 njk tfhsfh

`bp`jucu urlpfuj njk ufp`c~fh ncpbjlucljk rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk ubgc

tpbtfhcgbp gbkijknrki `b`ju 54 " KEF+

Tfhsfh `jksjl ncirkjljk rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn jnjhjm tfhsfh

tfhcb~mbp+ Tfhcbu~bp mjksj ncirkjljk tjnj jyjh tbplbg`jkijk ljpbkj

qculfuc~ju sjki ~ckiic( ark~cfkjh ~ckiic( u~j`chc~ju pbknjm njk `ruj sjki

ncmjuchljk `cjsjksj gjmjh+@hfycki jibk~ sjki ubpcki nctjljc jnjhjm

EAE'::+

Mr`rkijk jk~jpj orghjm EAE':: njk nbkuc~ju `ruj njtj~ nchcmj~

tjnj ijg`jp >+3 ubp~j mr`rkijk jk~jpj orghjm jcp njk nbkuc~ju `ruj

tjnj ijg`jp >+:4


59/80

Tpfubu tpbtfhcgbp ^NC+ Tpfubu ckc gbgtrksjc lbhb`cmjk njhjg

lbgjgtrjk jhcp tjnj tpfubu tfrp ck thjeb j~jr tpfubu `bp`jucu GNC

tfhcgbpcl+ Urj~r efk~fm ^NC `bp`jucu tpbtfhcgbp njk afpgrhjuc rk~rl

gbg`rj~ `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn tjnj uljhj lbech jnjhjm ub`jijc `bpclr~+

Tbpmc~rkijk orghjm^Nc =4&04 nc`r~rmljk rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk

tpbtfhcgbp sjki gbgchclc 54" `b`ju KEF ncgjurlljk lb njhjg ibhju

pbjluc+ Ucu~bg nctjkjuc ujgtjc urmr 94'=4E+ Tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp sjki

ujgj tfhsfh tfhcb~mbp ub`jksjl u~flcfgb~pcu ncgjurlljk tbhjk'tbhjk

ncubp~jc tbkijnrljk+ Urmr pbjluc ncojij nc`jyjm 34 E nbkijk

gbkifk~pfh hjor tbkjg`jmjk tfhsfh njk nbkijk tbkij~rpjk tbgjkjujk

ubhr`rkiksj+

Ub~bhjm pbjluc bluf~bpg ubhbujc( nchjlrljk tbkjg`jmjk tjku

ubhjgj 4+2 un :ojg+ Tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp sjki ujgj+ Ubhr`rki tbgjkju

ubhjko~ksj ncmchjkiljk njk lb~bh pbjluc nc`cjpljk gbkojnc nckick+ Pbjluc

~bpub`r~ ~cnjl gbgbphrljk lj~jhcu+ Tjnj tbg`rj~jk uljhj lbech( : un 0

hc~bp( gb~fnj ubnpmjkj `bpclr~ njtj~ nchjlrljk+ ^NC =4&04 njk tfhsfh

ncejgtrp njhjg urmr prjki njhjg ibhju pbjluc njk nchjlrljk

tbkijnrljk+ Pjecljk ~bpub`r~ nctjkjuc 94'=4E nbkijk tbkijnrljk

njk ncojij tjnj ~bgtbpj~rp ~bpub`r~ ubhjgj 0 ujgtjc 5 ojg+ Mjuch

pbjluc lbgrncjk nc`cjpljk nckick ujgtjc urmr prjkijk+

Ub`bhrg tbg`rj~jk tpbtfhcgbp jnjhjm ujkij~ tbk~cki rk~rl

ncckij~ `jmyj ljknrkijk jcp njhjg tfhsfh ujkij~ ubnclc~( hb`cm lbech

njpctjnj 4+40 " njk kchjc tM sjki pbknjm njhjg rtjsj rk~rl gbkojij

ibhj~cfk njhjg tbg`rj~jk tpbtfhcgbp+ ^j`bh >+:4 gbkrkorlljk

afpgrhjuc `ruj rpb~mjk pcicn nbkijk tpfubu ubgc tpbtfhcgbp rk~rl

gbknjtj~ljk nbkuc~ju `ruj 54 li&g5 nbkijk mjpn gc}cki+u^j`bh >+:4 Afpgrhjuc `ruj pcicn nc`rj~ nbkijk tpfubu ubgc tpbtfhcgbp

Lfgtfkbk J Ubgc tpbtfhcgbp

^NC&Tfhsfh `bp`jucu urlpfub(" KEF 54# :44 t`y

Lfgtfkbk @


60/80

Tfhsfh&Tfhsb~mbp `bp`jucu urlpfub -FM Kf 514# ::9

EAE':: :2+4

Uchcefkb Urpaje~jk~ :+4

Jgck lj~jhcu :+2

^ck lj~jhcu 4+0

Tpfubu fkb umf~ ^NC eprnb -gbk~jm#+ Njhj tpfubu ubgc tpbtfhcgbp

^NC( tpfubu fkb umf~ gbkiirkjljk ^NC gbk~jm ubejpj hrju ncirkjljk

rk~rl `jmjk ckurhjuc pbacibpjuc ljpbkj `cjsj pbknjm yjhjrtrk gjgtr

jhcp ucu~bg ckc hb`cm pbknjm njpctjnj tpfubu tpbtfhcgbp ^NC+

^nc gbk~jm gbgtrksjc arke~cfkjhc~s pj~j'pj~j hb`cm njpc nrj

ljpbkj gbkijknrki ^NC Ncgbp( ^pcgbp njk ubksjyj sjki gbkijknrki

ejp`fnccgcnb+ Tbpubk KEF njhjg ^NC gbk~jm ublc~jp >4"( hb`cm pbknjm

njpc ^NC grpkc ~b~jtc hb`cm ~ckiic njpc GNC gbk~jm sjki ujgj nbkijk

ubgc tpbtfhcgbp `bp`jucu ^NC( lbnrjksj gbgchclc 54" apbb KEF+ Obkcu

njk orghjm lj~jhcu njk urpajl~jk `bp`bj unlc~ nbkijk ubgc tpbtfhcgbp

`bp`jucu ^NC+

Tpfubu fkb umf~ GNC tfhcgbpcl+ @ruj pcicn tfhcrpb~mjkb

tbkibg`jki ahrfpf ejp`fk sjki `bp`jucu cufesjkj~ tfhcgbpcl jnjhjm

sjki tjhcki `jksjl ncirkjljk rk~rl `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn+ Tjnj ujj~ ckc

`ruj gbgchclc ckurhjuc ~bpgjh ~ckiic( pbknjm ~fluck( tpf`hbg hckilrkijk

sjki lbech( grnjm nctpfubu( yjl~r erpcki ebtj~ njk tpfnrl~cac~juksj

hb`cm ~ckiic njpctjnj `ruj `bp`jucu ^NC+ Ujhjm uj~r efk~fm afpgrhjuc fkb

umf~ rk~rl tbg`rj~jk `ruj rpb~mjkb pcicn nbkuc~ju pbknjm ubtbp~c ~j`bh

>+:0 `bpclr~

^j`bh >+:4 Afpgrhjuc Tpfubu Fkb Umf~

Lfgtfkbk J Ubgc tpbtfhcgbp

Tfhgbpce GNC(" KEF 54# :42t`y

Lfgtfkbk @

Tfhsfh&Tfhsb~mbp `bp`jucu urlpfub -FM Kf 514# :44


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EAE':: 0=+4

Uchcefkb Urpaje~jk~ :+2

Jgck lj~jhcu 4+5

^ck lj~jhcu 4+0

Pbje~cqc~s( ubefkn

Epbjg ~cgb 02

Pcub ^cgb 51

^jel apbb ~cgb >2

Ucaj~ @ruj

Nbkuc~s 0+1

Lblrj~jk ~bljk

Tjpjhbh 22+:

Tbptbkncerhjp :9+9

l'Ajl~j -@~r ck&mp+a~0 A# 4+52

Epbjg ~cgb( ibh ~cgb( ~jel apbb ~cgb nctbkijprmc fhbm urmr hckilrkijk(

urmr lfgtfkbk njk hbqbh lj~jhcu+

>+5+: @ruj Rpb~mjk Pcicn Tbkibkbg`jki kfk EAE

@ruj rpb~jk pcicn ncecpcljk nbkijk ubh sjki ~bp~r~r~t(

lfknrl~cqc~ju ~bpgjhksj ujkij~ nctbkijprmc fhbm iju

tbkibg`jkiubgjejg ljp`fk ncflucnj njnk EAE+

Tjnj tbplbg`jkijk jyjh cknru~pc tfhcrpb~jk( `ruj nclbg`jkiljk

nbkijk jcp+ Tbkibp~cjk `ruj tfhcrpb~jk pcicn `bpjyjh njpc lbgjgtrjk

tjnj ckurhjuc `ruj ski ~ckiic&lfknrl~cqc~ju ~bpgjh sjki pbknjm njk

tbkibg`jki EAE'::+ Ujj~ ckc ljpbkj gjujhjm tbtckctujk ffk(

tbkiirkjjk EAE ujkij~ nc`j~juc njk ncmchjkiljk+

@hfycki jibk~ jh~bpkjj~ca tbkiijk~c EAE jnjhjm MEAE gbhctr~c

MEAE :>1( MEAE :05 njk MEAE 00+ Tbkiirkjjk MEAE 00 ub`jijc

`hfycki jibk~ rk~rl `ruj pcicn urnjm grhjc ncef`j( njk ujj~ ckc ~bkijm

nc~bhc~c tbkiirkjjk `hfycki jibk~ lfg`ckjuc jk~jpj MEAE njk jcp+

>+5+0 @ruj Pcicn Tfhsrpb~jk Ahjgb Pb~jpnjk~


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Ujhjm uj~r jthcljuc tbk~cki `ruj pcicn jnjhjm njhjg ubl~fp

`jkirkjk+ Tbkiirkjjk njhjg `jkirkjk gbknjtj~ `j~jujk ncub`j`ljk

gjujhjm ubpcru `ruj pcicn nbkijk jtc+

Uborghjm ahjugb pb~jpnjk~ ubhjgj 54 ~jmrk ~bpjlmcp ~bhjm ncef`j

njhjg tbg`rj~jk `ruj pcicn+ Ujsjkiksj( ubejpj ur`~jkucjh ~cnjl jnj

ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ sjki gbkojncljk `ruj pcicn ~jmjk ~bpmjnjt jtc+ Pjk~jc

rpb~jk jtj`chj ~bplbkj tjkju gbkojnc ~cnjl u~j`ch njk gbkimjuchljk

ubksjyj nbkijk `bpj~ gfhblrh pbknjm sjki grnjm ~bp`jljp+u

Tbg`rj~jk `ruj rpb~jk ~stb pcicn hb`cm urhc~ nc`jknckiljk

tbg`rj~jk `ruj sjki hjck+ Tpckuctksj `ruj pcicn ~jmjk jtc mjksj `cuj

nctpfnrluc nbkijk gbkiirkjljk pjk~jc sjki hb`cm u~j`ch njpctjnj

pjk~jc rbp~jk ubtbp~c pjk~jc cufesjkj~+ Ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ `bparkiuc

gbkimjg`j~ tbksb`jpjk jtc tjnj ahjgb pb~jpnjk~+

@ruj pcicn ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ njtj~ nctpfnrluc gbkiirkjljk ahjgb

p~jpnjk~ obkcu pbjl~ca njk jnc~ca j~jrtrk lfg`ckjuc njpc lbnrjksj+

Ljhucacljuc `ruj pcicn ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ njtj~ nchjljk nbkijk gbhjlrljk

tbkirocjk ~b~jtc mjuchksj `bhrg `cuj gbkiijg`jpljk lblrj~jk jtc

sjki ub`bkjpksj+

Jh~bpkj~ca rk~rl gbg`rj~ `ruj pcicn ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ jnjhjm

gbkiirkjljk tfhsfh tfhsb~mbp sjki gbkijknrki iriru mjhfibk njk

tmfutfpfru+ Lb~bp`j~jujk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~ obkcu ckc jnjhjm ~cg`rhksj

pjerk iju'jtc+

>+5+5 ^blkfhfic Tbg`rj~jk @ruj Rpb~jk Pcicn

@ruj rpb~jk pcicn njtj~ nctpfnrluc nbkijk `bp`jijc gjejg

gb~fnb sjki `bp`bnj( ub`jijcgjkj `bpclr~ ckc?

Tpfnrluc uhjù~fel( `ruj pcicn uhjù~fel nctpfnrluc ubejpj lfk~ckrgbkiirkjljk gbuck lfkqbsfp mfpcufk~jh+ Ub`jhclksj tpfubu `j~emksj

gbkiirkjljk `f}+ Gb~fnb tbg`rujjk njhjg `f} ~cnjl babucbk ~b~jtc

hjsjl nc~bpjtljk rk~rl tpfnrluc uljhj lbech+ @ruj uhjù~fel nctpfnrluc

rk~rl lbtbphrjk jk~jpj hjck tjtjk ckurhjuc( tbg`rkilru tctj njk

`bp`jijc ckurhjuc sjki hjck


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Tfrp ck tjheb( gb~fnb ckc ncirkjljk rk~rl tpfnrluc pbacibpj~fp(

nbbt apbbbp( tjkbh ujknycem njk lbtbphrjk sjki ubprtj nbkijkksj+

Gfhncki( gb~fnb ckc ncirkjljk rk~rl gbkeb~jl tpfnrl `ruj

ubgjejg ubhr`rki tctj( apjg bobknbhj( ejkiljki lrpuc njk apjgb af~f+

Hjgckjuc( gb~fnb ckc ncirkjljk rk~rl hjgckjuc tjkbh sjki

`bpgjlkj ahbluc`bh( ubtp~c jhrgckcrg afch( lbp~ju lpja~ njk lbp~ju

jutjh+Tpfnrluc tjkbh ncirjkljk rk~rl ckurhjuc nckncki njk j~jt+

Utpjscki+ Ucu~bg `ruj pcicn 0 lfgtfkbk njtj~ ncubgtpf~ljk

ncj~ju ~cjt tbpgrljjk tjnj urmr :4 E j~jr hb`cm+ Tbkiirkjjk ckurhjuc

ubgtpf~ jnjhjm tjnj ~jkilc tbkscgtjk( irnjki tbkscgtjk nckick njk

ublj~'ublj~ tjnj ljtjh+

>+> @ruj Rpb~mjkb hjckksj

Tjnj jyjh jyjh tbplbg`jkijk ~blkfhfic tfhcrpb~mjkb rk~rl

gbkimjuchljk `ruj rpb~jkb clj~j uchjki ~ckiic ncef`j tbkiij`rkijk

iriru cufesjkj~ lb njhjg `ruj pcicn ljpbkj tfhsfh tfhcbu~bp gbgchclc

qculfuc~ju ~ckiic njk arke~cfkjhc~ju pbknjm sjki gbg`rj~ksj urhc~

rk~rl nctpfnrluc u~j`ch+

Cufesjgbpj~ ncirkjljk rk~rl gbkckilj~ljk nbkuc~ju clj~jk

uchjki( arke~cfkjhc~ju njk qculufuc~ju pbknjm tfhcbu~bp sjki ncirkjljk+

Rk~rl c~r obkcu cufesjkrpj~ sjki ncirkjljk gbgchclc cknbluc obkcu :24+

Rk~rl ncej~j~ `jmyj tbkiirkjjk cufesjkrpj~ njhjg orghjm sjki

unclc~ ~cnjl gbkjg`jm pbucu~bkuc urmr ~ckiic j~jr lb~jmjk jtc njpc `ruj

sjki ncmjuchljk+ @ruj cufesjkrpj~ gfncacljuc nbkijk cknblu hb`cm njpc

544 gbkrkorlljk lb~jmjkjk ~bgtbpj~rp ~ckiic njk ahjgb pb~jpnjk~+

>+>+0 @ruj Rpb~mjkb ahbluc`bh gfncacljuc cufesjkrpj~Tbkiirkjjk cufesjkrpj~ nhjg `ruj ahbluc`bh gbkimjuchljk `ruj

ahbuc`bh nbkijk gbh~cki tfck~ sjki pbknjm( gbkjclljknpcttcki njk

gbkojij tbkjg`jmjk jtc( ubtbp~c sjki ncroc tjnj JU^G N :130+

tjpjl~cl ckc lbgrncjk nckjgjljk `ruj MP ahjgb pb~jpnjk~+ Tj~jr~

ncckij~ `jmyj tbkiirkjjk cufesjkrpj~ ~cnjlhjm gbkjclljk u~j`chc~ju


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~bpgjh gbhjckljk gbkrprkljk gbh~cki tfck njk gbkojnj tbksb`jpjk

jtc+

>+>+5 @ruj CTK `bp`jucu Rpb~jk

Ck~bptbkb~pj~cki Tfhcgbpu kb~yfpl -CTK# jnjhjm obkcu jhhfs tfhcgbp

sjki ~bpururk fhbm ubnclc~ksj 0 clj~jk uchjki+ CTK sjki cnbjh ubejj

bubkucjh ~cnjl clj~jk lfqjhbk jk~jpj tfhcgbp+ Gfpafhfic sjki ncmjuchljk

gbkrkorlljk ajub tbgcujmjk+

Pbuck CTK tbp~jgj nc~bgrljk fhbm Jshuyfp~m tjnj ~jmrk :3:>+

Ejgtrpjk jk~jpj ljpb~( `bhbpjki abkfh njhjg afpgjhnbmcnb tjnj

tbgjkjujk gbkimjuchljk CTK+

>+>+> @ruj mc`pcn `bp`jucu rpb~mjkb

Fhcifgbp bu~bp `bprorki mcnpfluch j~jr bu~bp qckch sjki gbgtrksjc

rorki iriru qckch njk mcnpfluch tbknjk~ njtj~ `bpbjluc ubejpj ucgrh~jk

nbkijk iriru cufesjkj~ njk gfkfgbp qskch njhjg lb`bpjnjjk lj~jhcu

rk~rl gbknjtj~ljk tfhcgbp mc`pcn clj~jk uchjki+

Tfhcbu~pbp ~cnjl obkrm nbkijk rorki mcnpfluch j~jr iriru ljp`cluch

tjnj ujj~ sjki ujgj njtj~ orij `bpbjluc nbkijk iriru cufesjkj~ njk

gfkfgbp qcksh ubtbp~c u~spbkb rk~rl gbknjtj~ tfhcgbp mc`pcn+ Nrj

gjejg pbjluc( pbjluc jncuc KEF'FM njk tfhcgbpcujuc pjncljh nbkijk

iprt qc`pch njtj~ ~bpojnc+

Efk~fm afpgrhjuc tbkscjtjk tfhcbu~bp ~cnjl obkrm ubtbp~c ~bphcmj~

njhjg ~j`bh >+:5 `bpclr~

@jmjk J @ E

Cuftm~jhce jecn(gjlu : : :

Gjhbce jecnu(gjlu : : :

B~mshbk ihsefh(gjlu 4 :+2 :+31

Ncb~mshbk ihsefh(gjlu 0+>1 0+>0 +4

Kbftbk~s ihsefh(gjlu 4 4 :+31

Msnpfzrckfkb( ttg pbuck tjnj~ 044 044 044


65/80

U~spbkb gfkfgbp( "y~ pbuck 52 52 52

T'@bkfzrckfkb( ttg pbuck tjnj~ 24 24 24

^j`bh >+:> Ucaj~ Tfhsfh sjki nchjpr~ljk u~pspbkb

Ucaj~ Lcgcj @jmjk J @ E

Orghjm mcnpfluch tjnj~ :2: :>: :9:

Bzrcqjhbk~ mbcim~ 5=5 559 55>

Qculfuc~ju( 02 E

@pfflacbhn( 14" tjnj~( Et

0>= 0>= 5=2

UTC ibh ~bu~ -:" @TF? =0(0 E#

Ibh ~cg( gck ube >?44 2?42 9?44

Erpb ~cgb( gck ube 9?52 9?24 :4+>+2 @ruj Rpb~mjkb F}jzfhcnfkb

@ruj rpb~kjb u~prl~rpjh sjki hrju tbpgrljjkksj hb`cm `bujp

njpc :4 a~0 gbgtrksjc cknblu ahjgb'utpbjn 24 j~jr lrpjki

ub`jijcgjkj nc`r~rmljk RH'>9= rk~rl lfgtfkbk sjki `bujp+ @ruj

~bub`r~ jljk gbkiijk~c tjujp `jpr rk~rl tpfnrl PCG njhjg tbujyj~

rnjpj( `jkirkjk njk jthcljuc gchc~bp+

Ucu~bg tbg`rujjk ~bpururk njpc lfgtfkbk J -Tfhscufesjkj~# njk

lfgtfkbk @ -tpbtfhcgbp `bprorki btfluc sjki nc`rj~ njpc pbjluc

tfhsjhljkb ihslfhu nbkijk jkmsnpcn tm~jhj~b njk uj~r ncbtflucnj#+


66/80

Jtj`chj tfhsfh `bprorki btfluc `bpbjluc nbkijk tfhscufesjkj~~ jljk

gbkimjuchljk cjlj~jk rpb~jk njk f}jfhcnfkb+


67/80

@J@ Q

JNC^CA( ACHHBP NJK PBCKAFPEBGBK^

2+: Tbkijk~jp

Ncub`j`ljk ipfrt tfhccufesjkj~ gbgtrksjc ljknrkijk bkbpic

sjki ~ckiic gjlj tbg`rj~jk `ruj tfhsrpb~jk njtj~ nchjlrljk nbkijk

`jmjk njujp sjki ~jktj gbkiirkjljk jnc~ca+

Lb`r~rmjk jljk gjkrajl~rp tfhsrpb~jk gbg`rj~ksj gbkojnc

tbphr gbkiirkjljk jnc~ca mjgtcp tjnj ub~cjt ljuru+ Jnc~ca njk `jmjk

hjck `bpjluc rk~rl gbkij~rp hjor pbjluc tfhsrpb~jk ub`jijcgjkj sjki

nctbphrljk njhjg jthcljuc+ @chj tbphr pbjluc `bp`bnj sjki ubnjki

`bpojhjk ubejpj lmruru nctbkijprmc j~jr nclfk~pfh+ Tjnj gjkrajl~rp

`ruj tpfubu lcgcj lfhfcn `bptbpjk ncujgtcki tpfubu lcgcjksj ubkncpc+

Fhbm ljpbkj c~r jnc~ca jl~ca tbpgrljjk nctbphrljk+ Hb`cm ojrm hjic

nctbphrljk jijp jk~cjicki( ahjgb pb~jpnjk~( tcigbk( achhbp( gj~bpcjh

pbckafpebgbk~( gfhn pbhbjub jibk nsb u~raa( `cfecnb njk `hfelcki jibk+

2+0 Jibk jk~cu~j~cu

Jnjhjm `jmjk lcgcj sjki gjkj gbpr`jm `jcl ubnclc~ ujgtjc

nbpjoj~ gfnbpj~ njpc lfknrl~cac~ju hcu~pcl gbkojnc ubksjyj thju~cu sjki

`bpucaj~ ckurhj~ca( nbkijk ejpj gbgjurlc `jkirkjk grj~jk bhbl~pfu~j~cu

njpc `jpjki ojnc+ Jk~c u~j~cu njtj~ nctjljc ub`jijc `jmjk ub`bhrg

gfhncki+ Arkiuc `jmjk ~bpub`r~ njpc jujhksj lfknrl~ca j~jr nbkijk

ejpj gbksbpjt rjt jcp hckilrkijk+ @bpclr~ ckc jnjhjm efk~fm njpc

jibku~j~cu:`

njk MEAE':05 sjki ubejpj lfgbpucjh ucjt ncorjh ~jmrk :335+ ^jmrk

0444 gbprtjljk ~jmrk sjki mjpru `b`ju njpc EAE gjlj MEAE

gbprtjljk tbkiijk~c EAE rk~rl `ruj pcicn+ @b`bpjtj ubksjyj MEAE

jnjhjm MEAE':>:` -ncemhfpfahfrpf b~mjkb#( MEAE :05 -ncemhfpf ~pcahfrpf

b~mjkb#( MEAE':5>j -~b~pj ahfrpfb~mjkb#+ ^b~jtc ubksjyj ~bpub`r~ mjksj

hfkej~jk ljpbkj gjucm gbkijknrki lhfpck+ Gjlj gjucm ncjnjljk

tbkejpcjk ubksjyj jh~bpkj~ca `hfycki jibk `bp`jucu lhfpckb+ @bpclr~

jnjhjm ~j`bh 2+: gbprtjljk ckafpgjuc sjki `bpirkj njpc EAE njk MEAE

ub`jijc `hfycki jibk+

^j`bh 2+: @hfycki Jibk EAE njk MEAE


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Ljp`fk ncflucnj( Njpc :32= ubojl mjhfljp`fk tbp~jgj ncirkjljk

ub`jijc `hfycki jibk( EF0 jnjhjm `hfycki jibk sjki hb`cm nrhr

ncirkjljk+ EF0 nc`b`juljk njpc pbjuc jcp njk cufesjkj~ ub`jijc `bpclr~?

0P'KEF , M0F P'KM'E7F'KM'P , EF0

cufesjkj~ jcp rpbj ur`~c~ruc

@ruj pcicn rpb~jk tbkibg`jki EF0 gbgtrksjc lbhbgjmjk sjki

`bpclr~ ckc jtj`chj nc`jkncki EAE'::

' ajl~fp l ublc~jp 4(02 nc`jkncki EAE'::-4(::# gbg`r~rmljk nrjljhc ckurhjuc njpc EAE'::

' Tbpcfnb cknrluc ub`bhrg gbkibg`jki hb`cm lbech nbkijk EF0ljpbkj tjkju hj~bk tbkirjtjk EAE'::

' Hjor ibhj~ckcujuc njk `ruj sjki gbkibg`jki gbkrprk(gbksb`j`ljk tbkojijjk ~bljkjk tjkju njk gbhbgjmljk `ruj

tjnj jthcljuc sjki hrju+

' Lblrj~jk ~bljkjk `ruj tbkibg`jki EAE':: kjcl ublc~jp 54"gbhb`cmc `ruj tbkibg`jki EF0

' GQ^ -gfcu~rpb qjtfp ~pjkugcucfk# njpc EAE ':: `bplrpjki -5(2 qu2(2 rk~rl EF0#

' @ruj tbkibg`jki EAE':: jncuc lb hfijg hb`cm `jcl+' Tckiicpjk `ruj tbkibg`jki EAE':: gbgtrksjc ehfubn ebhh sjki

hb`cm `jksjl -ublc~jp 34" qu =2" rk~rl tbkibg`jki EF0#

' @cjsj gfnjh `ruj hb`cm grpjm@ruj ahbluc`bh( EF0 sjki ncmjuchljk njpc pbjluc ucu~bg jcp njk cufesjkj~

~bhjm gbkojnc `hfycki jibk r~jgj rk~rl ubgrj `ruj ahbluc`bh

tfhsrpb~jk+ Orghjm njpc jcp njk ^NC sjki ncirkjljk rk~rl gbkbk~rljk

ucaj~ nbkuc~ju `ruj( gbprtjljk urg`bp iju ~bp`bk~rl sjki nc`r~rmljkgbkibg`jkiljk tfhsrpb~mjk+ Jcp ujkij~ `bptbpjk njhjg tpfubu

tfhcgbpcujuc

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