Ebola Virus Outbreak, 2014 Dr. Md. Shakeel Waez Asst. Professor (Medicine) Chittagong Medical...
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Transcript of Ebola Virus Outbreak, 2014 Dr. Md. Shakeel Waez Asst. Professor (Medicine) Chittagong Medical...
Ebola Virus Outbreak, 2014
Dr. Md. Shakeel WaezAsst. Professor (Medicine)
Chittagong Medical College
Epidemiology
• Ebola first appeared in 1976.
• 2 simultaneous outbreaks in Nzara, Sudan and in Yambuku, Democratic Republic of Congo.
• The latter was in a village situated near the Ebola River, from which the disease takes its name.
• Formerly known as Ebola haemorrhagic fever.
History
The disease typically occurs in outbreaks in tropical regions of Sub-Saharan Africa
The countries which suffered frequent Ebola outbreaks includes Democratic Republic of Congo, Sudan, Gabon, Ivory coast, Uganda.
The largest outbreak is the ongoing 2014 West Africa Ebola outbreak, which is affecting Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and Nigeria.
Geographic distribution
Epidemiological determinants
Ebola virus is a zoonotic Pathogen. Genus: Ebola virus
Family: Filoviradae
Order: MononegaviratesFig. Ebola virus
Genus ebola virus comprises 5 distinct species: Bundibugyo ebolavirus (BDBV)
Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV)
Reston ebolavirus (RESTV)
Sudan ebolavirus (SUDV)
Taï Forest ebolavirus (TAFV).
BDBV, EBOV, and SUDV have been associated with large EVD outbreaks in Africa, whereas RESTV and TAFV have not.
Host Factors
Natural Hosts:
• Not known yet definitely.
• In Africa, fruit bats are considered most likely natural hosts for Ebola virus. As a result, the geographic distribution of Ebola viruses may overlap with the range of the fruit bats.
Fig. Fruit bat
Animal to human transmission:
Saliva of fruit bats contains the virus Land mammals and non human primates get infected by eating half eaten fruits Human get infected when they come in close contact with infected animals
Mode of Transmission
Human to human transmission:
Direct contact with blood, secretion, organs or other body fluids of infected people.
Indirect contact with environments contaminated with such fluids.
Health care workers have frequently been infected while treating patients with EVD.
Mode of Transmission
Human to human transmission
Year Country Cases Death
1976 Congo 318 280
1995 Congo 315 254
2000 Uganda 425 224
2003 Congo 143 128
2007 Congo & Uganda
413 224
2012 Congo 57 28
Major Ebola Outbreaks
Country Cases Death
Guinea 735 415
Liberia 1192 672
Nigeria 17 6
Sierraleone 913 410
Total 2757 1504
2014 Outbreak (Updated 20/08/2014)