Ebola - Transmission, Treatment and Spread Prevention
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Transcript of Ebola - Transmission, Treatment and Spread Prevention
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Cone HealthEbola Preparedness
October 2014
Cynthia Snider, MD, MPH
Infectious Diseases
Medical Director of Infection
Prevention
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In the last 4 weeks, there has been exponential growth of cases in this devastating outbreak that has created urgency for immediate action.
Total: 7470 cases:3431 deaths
-------------------Liberia:
3834cases;2069deathsSierra Leone: 2437 cases;
623 deathsGuinea: 1199cases;735
deathsNigeria: 20 cases; 8 deaths
Senegal: 1 case-------------------
United States: 1 case
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Nigeria and Senegal have not had any further cases since Sep 5 & Aug 29, respectively.
Why is the Mortality rate in Sierra Leone not as steep … not as severe as in Liberia?
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Worst case scenario unlikely to occur due to
current response from US, Canada, England, France and NGOs such as MSF,
PIH and others.
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Ebola enters the patient through mucous membrane, breaks in the skin -> to infect cells.
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How is the Ebola Virus infection transmitted in humans?
• Ebola is spread by direct contact (through broken skin or
mucous membranes) with the blood, urine, sweat, saliva,
feces, vomit or semen of infected persons.
• It is also spread by contaminated objects like needles and
equipment.
• You’re also at risk when in direct contact with infected animals
(bats, monkeys, gorillas, chimpanzee or their bush meat).
• Ebola is not spread by air/water/food or when someone is
asymptomatic.
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How contagious is Ebola?
Ebola may be highly lethal, but not actually that contagious in comparison to other diseases such as measles or chickenpox.
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Signs and Symptoms
Symptoms occur 2-21 days after exposure, but on average 8-10 days.
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Treatment options
• Supportive care
– Electrolyte replacement
– Nutritional support
– Fluid resuscitation for hypovolemia
– Blood product transfusion for DIC
• Convalescent Serum/Plasma transfusion
• Experimental Drugs via Compassionate Use
– Polymerase inhibitor
– Monoclonal antibodies
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Success in treatment Ebola patients & prevention of 2nd cases
in the US?• Access to rapid diagnostic tests for
assessment
• Medications/repletion of electrolytes
• ICU monitoring
• Excellent dedicated medical care
• Access to PPE
• PPE monitoring
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Screening for symptoms
1. Do you have fever,
headache, joint or
muscle pain,
D/V/abdominal pain?
2. In the last 3 weeks, have
you travelled outside of
the US or had close
contact with someone
who has?
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At first point of entry into Cone Health, you
will be asked about your symptoms and TRAVEL
HISTORY.
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