Ebola Clip. The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Day 1.

Ebola Clip

http://www.cnn.com/2014/04/14/health/gupta-ebola-guinea/?hpt=he_c1

The Lymphatic and Immune Systems

Day 1

Permission granted to reproduce for educational use only.© Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc.

• Functions?– Return fluid to circulatory system– Defense

• Specific• Non-specific

Lymphatic System


Organization of the Lymphatic System


• Fluid leaks from blood capillaries

• Enters lymphatic capillaries

• Returns to circulatory system through lymphatic trunks

Lymph Formation and Flow


• Structural hierarchy:– Atoms– Molecules– Organelles– Cells– Tissues– Organs– Organ systems

Do you remember…


• Lymphocytes– T lymphocytes mature in thymus– B lymphocytes mature in bone marrow

• Macrophages– begin as monocytes– leave lymphatic tissue to enter surrounding tissue

Lymphatic Cells


• Mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)• Patches of tissue in mucous membranes

– Respiratory• Tonsils

– GI• Small intestine• Appendix

Lymphatic Tissues


• Lymph nodes– cleanse lymph– store and produce T and B cells

Lymphatic Organs


• Spleen– scans and cleans blood

• Thymus– nursery for T cells

Lymphatic Organs


• Phagocytosis– neutrophils– macrophages (formerly monocytes)– engulf, destroy, debris out via exocytosis

• Natural killer cells– bind to infected cells – proteins perforate cells

Nonspecific Defense


• Complement– plasma proteins assist with phagocytosis

• Interferons– released by virus infected cells– slow/stop viral growth, replication

Nonspecific Defense


• Tissue damage• Histamine and other inflammatory chemicals

released• BV dilate, blood flow increases, capillary

permeability increases• Clotting and scar formation

The Development of Inflammation


• Activation of leukocytes and macrophages causes release of pyrogens

• Hypothalamus raises body temperature, causing a fever

• Advantage?

Fever


• Day 2

Lymph and Immune Systems


Review


Function of lymph vessels?


Locations of lymph tissue/organs?


How does lymph fluid get back in circulatory system?


3 Lines of Defenses?


Why T and B cells?


Process?


• Natural killer cells• Complement• Interferon• Pyrogens

Operation?


• On the surface of cells• “Self” vs. “nonself”

Antigens


– Recognize only one antigen– Cloned in response to antigen presentation– Memory cells made

Lymphocytes


• Rapid, unregulated cell growth• Metastasis• Cells may lodge in lymph nodes

Cancer and Lymph Nodes


• Strong response to a harmless antigen• Release of histamine• Symptoms…• Anaphylaxis – severe allergic reaction• Allergy shots?

Allergies


Allergies


• Like allergies – but attack of own tissues• Cause unclear• Examples

– rheumatoid arthritis– multiple sclerosis– type I diabetes

Autoimmune Disorders


• HIV – infects and kills helper T cells

• AIDS – helper T cell count falls below 200/mm3– immune system seriously weakened– patient is susceptible to opportunistic infection

HIV and AIDS

Ebola Clip. The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Day 1.

Documents

Transcript of Ebola Clip. The Lymphatic and Immune Systems Day 1.