Eben Myers & Santosh Mathan - Building Robot Factory: A Game Design and Brain Science Collaboration
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Transcript of Eben Myers & Santosh Mathan - Building Robot Factory: A Game Design and Brain Science Collaboration
BUILDING
A Game Design& Brain ScienceCollaboration
Eben Myers Santosh MathanSerious Play ConferenceJuly 22, 2015
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Eben MyersVP, DesignSimcoach Games
• BA in Studio Art from Swarthmore College
• Masters in Entertainment Technology from CMU
• EPO for NASA• 10+ years designing games
Introductions
Santosh MathanPrincipal ScientistHoneywell
• Research at the intersection of Neurotechnology and HCI
• Interest in enhancing training, performance, and safety in aviation
• PhD in HCI from CMU• Prior roles at NASA Ames and
Microsoft
FAST: Flexible, Adaptive, Synergistic
TrainingHarvard Site Visit
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IARPA’s SHARP Program
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• EF moderate complex tasks (Elliott, 2003) :
- Solving novel problems
- Modifying behaviors in light of new information
- Generating strategies
- Sequencing complex actions
• ARP crucially tied to EF- overlap in core computational properties (Diamond, 2013)
- Neural correlates (e.g. DLPFC) (Duncan et al., 2000; Barbey et al, 2012)
Executive Functions and ARP
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• Updating: updating and monitoring working memory representations• Switching: shifting between tasks or mental sets • Inhibition: suppression of stimuli and responses that are unrelated to the task
Executive Functions: Component Processes
Diamond, 2013
Miyake, 2000
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• Training and practice have robust and predictable impact
- Skills improve – following power law function
- ARP can be strengthened through training (Carlson, 1990; Mackey, 2011)
• Limited generalization:
- Acquired skill highly specific
- Limited evidence for near or far transfer
• By nature ARP must be domain general and widely applicable
Enhancing Executive Functions: Promise, Pitfalls
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• Train component processes as cognitive skill
• Combine processes, in novel ways, with range of operations (logical relational), and cognitive domains (symbolic, visual)
• Create rich, but systematically mapped training space
• Promote flexible encoding by changing instructions every few trials
- Rapidly encode instructions (Salthouse & Pink, 2008)
- Flexibly configure cognitive resources (Duncan et al., 2012)
- Strong activation of regions implicated with ARP (Dumontheil et al., 2011)
FAST Training: Implications
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• Train component processes as cognitive skill
• Combine processes, in novel ways, with range of operations (logical relational), and cognitive domains (symbolic, visual)
• Create rich, but systematically mapped training space
• Promote flexible encoding by changing instructions every few trials
- Rapidly encode instructions (Salthouse & Pink, 2008)
- Flexibly configure cognitive resources (Duncan et al., 2012)
- Strong activation of regions implicated with ARP (Dumontheil et al., 2011)
Intervention 1 - FAST Training: Implications
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Collaborators
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FAST - Intervention
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FAST: Level 1
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FAST: Level 2
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FAST: Level 3
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FAST: Level 4A
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FAST: Level 4B
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• Engaging isomorphs of FAST
• Everyday processing demands
• Immediate feedback
• Goal-directed practice
• Self-motivating demands
Gamification
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• Augment activity of cortical substrate supporting EF using tES
• Distributed fronto-parietal network: DLPFC, ACC, LPC
- DLPFC: connectivity with sensory motor regions, maintaining rules for action, and guiding response selection and inhibition
- ACC: detect processing conflict, engaging DLPFC
- LPC : Stimuli salience, stimulus-response pairings
• tES to act synergistically with training to boost core ARP processes
tES
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• Augment activity of cortical substrate supporting EF using tES
• Distributed fronto-parietal network: DLPFC, ACC, LPC
- DLPFC: connectivity with sensory motor regions, maintaining rules for action, and guiding response selection and inhibition
- ACC: detect processing conflict, engaging DLPFC
- LPC : Stimuli salience, stimulus-response pairings
• tES to act synergistically with training to boost core ARP processes
Intervention 2: tES
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• Learning is the development of new neural connections
• Connections are formed through synchronized recruitment
• Anodal stim has depolarizing effect of resting potential of neurons – making it easier for neural cells to fire
• Synergistic interaction with training to boost efficacy of core ARP processes
Causal Mechanism
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Pilot Study
1
• Assess game implementation of FAST• Test procedures
Pilot Study 2
• Test expanded FAST game• Assess stimulation types
Pre T&E
Evaluation
• Demonstrate efficacy of intervention (FAST + stimulation)
Empirical Validation – Stages and Objectives
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1A Demographics
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Pre T&E Fluid Intelligence Results
Gf MeasuretRNS+FAST
b p-value Cohen’s d
BOMAT 1.417 .051 .424
Sandia 1.400 .275 .164
Raven 0.473 .448 .136
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• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdhKR0g3bhc
Video Demo
Process:What Worked & What Could Have
Been Better
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• Iterative design and development process• Communication• Personnel
What Worked
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• Iterative design - from research to 3 concepts to one
Iterative design & development process
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• Regular, frequent releases of game
Iterative design & development process
Stage Build # Date
Project Kick-Off 1/29/14
High Level Design Complete 2/18/14
First Playable Proof-of-Concept 1 3/3/14
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Proof-of-Concept
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• Regular, frequent releases of game
Iterative design & development process
Stage Build # Date
Project Kick-Off 1/29/14
High Level Design Complete 2/18/14
First Playable Proof-of-Concept 1 3/3/14
On-Going Weekly Builds4 Major Releases (for Experimental Data Collection)
1A-1 9 4/18/14
1A-2 20 6/25/14
1A-3 25 9/23/14
1B 34 3/9/15
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Mature Game
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Communication
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• 2 weekly meetings
Communication
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• Structuring of the abstract games
Communication
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• Structuring of the abstract games
Communication
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• Structuring of the abstract games
Communication
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• Structuring of the abstract games
Communication
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• Structuring of the abstract games
Communication
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• GitHub releases and integrated issue tracking
Communication
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• Attitude:
- Respectful
- Collaborative
- Honest and critical
Personnel
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• Inclusion of research engineer on Simcoach dev team
Personnel
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• Building the airplane while flying
What Could Have Been Better
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• Building the airplane while flying• Building the experimental rocket while launching into space…
What Could Have Been Better
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• More focus on QA
What Could Have Been Better
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• More time to respond to feature requests
What Could Have Been Better
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• Iterative design and development process• Communication• Personnel• Planning
Summary of Takeaways
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Questions?
@santoshmathan@honeywellnow
@ebenmyers@simcoachgames