“Easy Access” : Eye-Movements and Function Selection
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Transcript of “Easy Access” : Eye-Movements and Function Selection
TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
“Easy Access” : Eye-Movements and Function Selection
Oleg SpakovTampere Unit for Computer-Human
Interaction2003
TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Background - EZ Access [1]
• ButtonHelp - "EZ Button“. While the EZ Button is held
down, a user can press any other button on the device
and its name will be spoken aloud and displayed on the
screen of the device (without activating the buttons
function)
• 3-button-list. Allows access to all labels, displays and
controls of the device
• ShowSound. All sounds made by the device have a
visual equivalent shown on the display
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
EZ Access Design
• Every layout has
only 2 alternatives
(options or choices)
- up and down
• The tree of layouts
is defined by length
of the cycle
1st layout
2nd layout
3rd layout
4th layout
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
EZ Access Key Design Principles (1/3)
• At any point in time there are a finite number of
information items and control choices that a user
has to work with.
• Combining discoverability (intelligibility), simplicity
and speed.
• Standard controls cannot easily be identified
independently by people who cannot see, cannot
read, or do not understand symbols
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
EZ Access Key Design Principles (2/3)
• Some people cannot perform simultaneous or
chorded functions
• Some people do not understand or are unable to
memorize product procedures, and should not have
to refer to the manual
• Access features in public and unfamiliar devices
must be fast to learn and easy to comprehend for
novices
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
EZ Access Key Design Principles (3/3)
• A Standard symbol for EZ Access will help indicate
its presence on a device
• There are still some users who are unable to use
the current EZ access package due to severe and
multiple disabilities
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Non-”easy access” layouts
• 1 key = 1 function (1 character)
• No switching, no programming
• 1 layer
tactile markers
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
First step to easy access
QWERTY keyboard:
• 101/102-keys
• 66 keys produce ASCII codes (text input), while available number of symbols is much greater
• CapsLock and NumLock – switch layouts
• Ctrl, Alt, Shift – produce different scan-codes
Letter case Numpad / navigation
Other switchers
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Bat One [2]
• A one-handed compact
input device that
replicates all the
functions of a full-size
keyboard.
• 3 keys are switchers
• 4 keys are for input
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Half QWERTY one handed keyboard [2]
• To type the letters of the
other half, you hold down
the space bar and do the
same finger movement
that would normally be
done by the other hand.
Hitting the space bar
alone still types a space.
• Space bar is a layouts
switcher9
TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Second step to easy access
Mobile phone:
• Only 12 non-functional keys
• Almost all symbols from
ordinal keyboard
• Use 1-4 fast clicks to
access other symbols
• Each key is a switcher as
well as input key
• Switching applies only 1
key, not a whole layout10
TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Dynamic display augmentative communication system [3]
Hierarchical layouts – every button opens next layout
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
“Switch/Scanning” [3]
The layout is only one, but the access to every symbol requires 2
strokes
Scanning is automatic (1 second for a line/symbol), switching
requires a key pressing
Scanning lines Scanning symbols in the 1st line12
TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Gus! Multimedia Speech System [3]
Hierarchical layouts –
every button opens next
layout
The outcome is speech synthesis
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Eye-tracking: click on dwell time [4]
• A button to switch
layouts
• Layouts grouped by 6
letters
• Letters grouped by its
probability
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
EagleEyes [5]
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EagleEyes allows a person to control the
computer (through moving its cursor)
through electrodes by moving his or her
eyes or head.
EagleEyes is based on
measuring a user's EOG or
electro-oculographic potential.
The EOG is a small electrical
potential which indicates the
position of the eye relative to
the head.
TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
EagleEyes
5 buttons for switching,
5 layouts
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Symbol Creator
• Saves screen space
• Easy horizontal-only eye-movements
• Easy coding (like a game)
• Functional key
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Full on-screen keyboard [6]
Coding system
Symbol Creator
TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Symbol Creator – functionality (1/7)
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Symbol Creator – Easy Access
• Help is visible and audible
• 7 mixed (text input, text format commands and
layout switching) keys instead of full keyboard
keeping all functionality
• 2 strokes per character/command
• Every button opens and closes a list of choices
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Symbol Creator ~ Easy AccessFirst layout (constant)
Second layout (floating)
Third layout (optional)
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
Symbol Creator – other layouts
• Numbers
• Signs
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
iMobile
• The same keys as in mobile phones
• Extra functional key
• Dwell time instead of click
• Selection = leaving out a key
• Every key has 3 or 4 choices
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
iMobile – functionality
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
iMobile – other layouts
• Numbers and math signs
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TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
References
1. EZ Access. Available at: http://trace.wisc.edu/docs/acm_cuu2000
2. NanoPac Inc. Available at: http://www.nanopac.com
3. Gus Communications. Available at: http://www.gusinc.com
4. Bringing Gaze-based Interaction Back to Basics. Available at:
http://www.it-c.dk/research/EyeGazeInteraction/Papers/Paulin_Hansen_Johansen_2001.
5. EagleEyes. Available at: http://www.cs.bc.edu/~eagleeye
6. Majaranta P., Eye Typing. Available at: http://www.cs.uta.fi/hci/gaze/
eyetyping.php
7. SMI. Available at: http://www.smi.de/ 25
TAUCHI – Tampere Unit for Computer-Human Interaction
“Easy Access” : Eye-Movements and Function Selection
THE END
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