East Land Quality Forum - ELQFelqf.org/assets/ELQF Boart Longyear.pdf · Boart Longyear E&I...

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East Land Quality Forum

Drilling Techniques; Old

and ‘New’

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Introduction

• Different Drilling Methods

• Rota-sonic drilling – What is it and how does it work?

• Different types of Rota-Sonic/Sonic Drilling Rigs

• Benefits of using Rota-sonic Drilling

• Rota-Sonic Project Examples

• Cost Comparison

• Summary

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Different Drilling Methods

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Different Drilling Methods

• Range from the good, the bad and the ugly – Dynamic Sampling

• Hand Held

• Tracked Rig

– Cable Percussive

– Rotary Drilling

• Geo-borS

• Reverse Circulation

• Down hole hammer

– Sonic

– Rota-sonic

Other Methods of forming a ‘borehole’

– Direct Push (DPT) - AKA Geoprobe

– CPT

Resonance Drilling

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Direct Push Basic Capabilities

• Soil Sampling – Single / Dual tube

• Soil Vapour and groundwater Sampling

• Coring – concrete

– Traditional Rotary (mud / air)

• Utilise augers

• Grouting and Injection

New (ish) developments

• Utilise CPT

• Membran Interface Probe (MIP)

• Electrical Conductivity

Limitations

• Relatively small samples (72mm dia.)

• Limited casing capabilities

• Limited to ‘softer’ ground conditions

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Rota-Sonic Drilling – What is it and How does it Work

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Basic Principle of Rota-Sonic Drilling

Axial Force or Feed Force

Vibratory Force

Rotary Force

Energy @ face of bit achieves localised

displacement to shear and penetrate

Slow Rotation to enhance energy &

penetration of hard layers

Steady down pressure to aid

advancement

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Basic Principle of Rota-Sonic Drilling

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Different Types of Rota Sonic/Sonic

Drill rigs

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Different Types of Rigs

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Rota-Sonic or Sonic

Rota-Sonic Drilling Sonic Drilling

Drilling

Method

Rotation, Sonic and axial/feed force Sonic and linear/vertical down feed

Depth

Capability

200 to 250m depending on ground conditions Approximately 30m depending on ground conditions

Ground

conditions

Anything! – can drill through obstructions

which other methods refuse

Loose sands and gravels, soft clays, very weathered

rock, will hit refusal on boulders and man made

obstructions

Max BH

Diameter

300mm (12 inches) 125mm (5 inches)

Max Sample

size

254mm (10 inches) 102mm (4 inches)

Max Install

Size

185mm OD 33mm OD or 42mm OD pre-pack screen

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Benefits and Advantages

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Differentiators

• Safety

• Site Conditions – Red Site Suitability

• High Quality Sample – Continuous Core

• Higher Quality Undisturbed Sample

• Not Subject to Refusal

• Can Rotary Core Bedrock

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Benefits and Advantages - Safety

• Serious finger and hand injuries are common

• Poor guarding

• Manual Handling and Heavy lifting can’t be

avoided

• Rig stability during installation

• Inherently un-safe operation

• Not a career option

• Limited lifting required

• Lighter tooling

• Automatic rod breaking

• Rig guarded

• Remote Operating Panel

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Benefits and Advantages – Site Conditions

• Clean Site

• Control of Arisings

• Control of Contaminated Materials

• Easy to Remediate site

• Accessible to more difficult locations

• Very difficult to keep site clean

• Additional hazards operating in muddy conditions

• Not suitable in Red Site conditions

• Can leave deep ruts from drive access

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Rota-Sonic Undisturbed Sampling

• Rota-Sonic Borings are cleaned and cased to bottom before UD sampling begins.

• Can use any UD sampler requested – U100, UT100, Window Sampler, Shelby Tube, Thin Wall Sampler

• Double liner barrel system can be used within Stiff Clays – e.g. London Clay

• Engineer can make an informed decision on where to take UD sample – from visual analysis of previous core sample

• Sampling is very controlled using rigid rods and direct push – repeatable process

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What is the “True Cost of Refusal”?

How Much Chiselling is acceptable?

• Boreholes not going to target depths

• Mis-interpretation of Bedrock Depth

• Loss of critical interchange strata information

• Difficult to interpret a handful of chips

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What is the “True Cost of Refusal”?

How Much Chiselling is acceptable?

Typical Example – Kishorn Dam Site Investigation

• Geotechnical Investigation of Dam in Scottish

Highlands

• SSSI Site

• Very Difficult Drilling Conditions

• Large boulders

• Cobbles

• Gravel

• Other contractors declined to tender.

Typical Example – Glasgow Site Investigation

• Previous Investigation with cable tool determined

bedrock at 14m.

• Piles for a bridge foundation were designed and

installed to 14m.

• After failure of test pile Sonic Proved Bedrock

between 23m and 27m depending on location.

Rota Sonic – is not subject to Refusal

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Rota-Sonic Samples

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Rota-Sonic Sample Undisturbed?

Rota-Sonic Sample Quality Class - BS EN 1997-2:2007

• Material Dependant

– Sands and Gravels – Quality Class 3 (5)

– Soft Clay, alluvium – Quality Class 3, Class 2 also achievable (4)

– Stiff Clays – Quality Class 2 is achievable (4)

• Sample class B and A is also achievable (density, density index,

Permeability, porosity)

• Utilise number of different drilling tools.

(5) = Quality Class/ Sampling Category in EN ISO 22475-1

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Granular Material Sampling

• Sample often dumped on ground – mixed

with other materials

• Identification of changes in strata is

difficult

• Contamination sampling is indicative only

• Shell Sampling - action of sampling

hydraulically surges the boring

• Loss of fines is common

• Sample is non-representative and requires a

lot of interpretation

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Rota-Sonic Benefit – High Quality Samples

• Continuous Core Sample

• Controlled extrusion of

sample

• Safe handling for

contaminated samples

• No dilution/cross-

contamination of sample

• Engineers get to log the facts – Not

interpret the losses

• Make decisions on borehole based on

visual evidence

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Rota-Sonic Benefit – High Quality Samples

• Recovery in Made Ground

• Recovery in Granular Materials

• Clear Definition of strata change • Continuous Core Sample

• Highly representative

• Clear identification of

contaminated strata

• Very precise sub-sampling

• No Loss of fines

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Rota-Sonic Benefit – Sample Variety

• Easily Altered

Geology

• Stiff Clay

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• Core with Sonic

Barrel

• Core with Diamond

Barrel

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Rota-Sonic Benefit – Drills Through Difficult

Materials

• Reinforced

Concrete

• Large boulders & Cobbles cored –

Cable Tool would have “presumed

bedrock

• No Loss of Critical Interface-

Weathered Rock

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Steel train rail

Fused Slag

NOT SUBJECT TO REFUSAL

- Even in hard strata and difficult made ground

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Rota-Sonic Benefits – Iso-Flow System

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Rota-Sonic Benefits – Quality Installations

• Installations are assisted by the vibration from the Rota-Sonic system;

– Reduces the risk of bridging occurring and standpipe moving during extraction of drill casing;

– Positive displacement of filter sand increases the quality of the pack;

– Positive settlement of bentonite granules/pellets increasing the quality of the seal.

• Limited smearing in clay formations;

• Able to drill dry in most formations reduces the amount of water required for extraction during the development of groundwater monitoring wells.

• If water is added to aid drilling it is minimal and at low pressures, reducing the risk of

hydrofracturing and removal of non-cohesive materials.

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Rota-Sonic Project Examples

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Old Gas Works – Ireland • 140 No. boreholes drilled using Rota-Sonic;

• RED Site Drilling Conditions

• Environmental investigation

• Mixture of 4m and 10m deep boreholes

• Advance through concrete, granular materials

and bedrock.

• Drilling between 50 to 60m p/day

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Chemical Works – South Wales • 125 No. boreholes drilled using Rota-Sonic;

• RED Site Drilling Conditions

• Environmental investigation

• Mixture of 6m and 15m deep boreholes

• Advance through concrete, made ground, drift deposits and bedrock.

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M74 Extension – Glasgow

•Over 7000m drilled using Rota-Sonic for;

•Geotechnical sampling and In-situ Testing – SPT’s, U100’s

•Mineshaft Investigation

•Installation of Geotechnical Instrumentation – Inclinometers

•Installation of Remediation Systems

•RED Site Drilling

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Olympic Site – London

• Over 75No. boreholes drilled using Rota-Sonic

for;

• Geotechnical Sampling and in-situ testing

• Environmental Sampling

• RED Site Drilling

• Drilled to depths exceeding 50m

• Advance through Made ground, London Clay

Gravel, Lambeth Group, Thanet Sands, Chalk

and Flint Bands.

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Petrol Station Filling Forecourts

• Reduced Height Mast available

• Can Drill completely dry if required • Reduces risk of sample bias

• Reduces risk of removal non-cohesive

materials

• Reduces amount of waste drill flush

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Specialist Sites

• Nuclear Licensed Sites – Drigg, Sellafield, Sizewell, Hinckley – Drilled in excess of 500 boreholes on Nuclear related GI’s.

• Gas processing plants

• Refinery Sites

• Rigs, containment system, method of working working modified to work on

specialist sites.

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Cost Comparison – 200m Geotech SI

• Drilling Difficulty Definitions

– Easy – Soft, Sandy Clays

– Medium – Medium Density Clays, sands & gravel, occasional cobbles

– Difficult – Glacial Till, Dense Gravel bands, large cobbles, made ground

– Very Difficult – Large Boulders, Blowing Sands, Dense Gravel Bands, Dense Sands, Made Ground with obstructions, re-inforced concrete.

• Average CP Costs per day range - £550 - £800

• Average Sonic Rig costs per day range - £2250 - £2850

• Average Engineers cost per Day - £400

• Average CP production rates range from 15m to 3m (this is assuming total refusal is not reached)

• Average Sonic Rig production rates range from 25m to 13m

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Cost Comparison – 200m Geotech SI

200m Geotechnical SI Project

£0.0

£10,000.0

£20,000.0

£30,000.0

£40,000.0

£50,000.0

£60,000.0

£70,000.0

£80,000.0

£90,000.0

£100,000.0

Easy Medium Difficult V.Difficult

Drilling Difficulty

Pro

jec

t C

os

t CP Rig

BL Sonic

• Sonic becomes

cost effective

for Medium

difficulty

projects

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Is Rota-Sonic Cost Competitive?

Cost Comparison 200m Geotechnical Project • Cost of mobilising a Rotary Rig for Bedrock Definition

• Cost of waste disposal (Red-Site)

• Cost of Site Remediation

• Cost of Second Phase of Drilling Due to in-sufficient data

• Cost on being on-site longer – welfare facilities, site possession etc

• A higher tender price for construction works

• A claim for un-foreseen conditions on construction projects

• A well that doesn’t produce

• A more expensive remediation project

• A bigger reduction on land price valuation

• A penalty for late delivery of a project

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Conclusions

•Raise the awareness of rota-sonic drilling / it’s capabilities

•Another drilling method for your toolbox

•Very Versatile Drilling System

•Provides many advantages for completing both Brownfield /

Contaminated Land and Geotechnical GI’s

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Conclusions – Myths and Facts

•Can Rota-Sonic drill for VOC’s?

•Can Rota-Sonic drill dry?

•Can Rota-Sonic Penetrate all materials?

•Can Rota-Sonic Provided a Representative Sample?

•Can Rota-Sonic Provide Undisturbed Samples?

•Can Rota-Sonic Provide SPT’s?

•Is Rota-Sonic cost competitive?

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Thank you for your Time – Any Questions? B

oart

Lo

ng

year

E&

I

Wesley Wray

Boart Longyear E&I

Business Development Manager

Tel: 01259 727780

Email:

[email protected]

East Land Quality Forum - ELQFelqf.org/assets/ELQF Boart Longyear.pdf · Boart Longyear E&I...

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