From a problem-solving perspective to a participatory approach

Michela Cozza, Vincenzo D’AndreaDept. Information Engineering and Computer Science

University of Trento (IT)

michela.cozza@unitn.it

Reference area: elderly condition care services technological infrastructure

Duration: 2013-2016

Consortium:• proponents• research partners• sponsor

Approach:• PD / UCD

Active agingat home

Caring and well being at home

Technology Organisation Human

The declarationof intent to foster

active ageing

Over 55* Absence of disease or

physical-psychological conditions preventing or making difficult an active participation Potential needs of

psychological support and/or socialization, transport, tele-monitoringWillingness to experiment

new technologies through participatory activities

User profile

Outcomes

Environmental sensors

Wereable sensors

Service Dispatcher – Contact Centre

Year 1

Human Factors vs Human Actors Informative role vs participative role Problem solving vs Problem framing

Script(Peine and Neven 2011)

Active role of users:ANTIPROGRAM

«reactant behaviour»(Akrich and Latour 1992)

Disalignment(Callon 1991, Suchman 2000)

on designingwith users

DIARIES and their SCRIPTS (Akrich 1992)

Categories of problemsMapping the problems

[UserII] “With reference to these two weeks, any relevant event is occurred. I hope it continues in this way forever”

[UserIII] “I read very carefully all the questions, but fortunately I can tackle all these problems by myself”

Antiprogram:(Akrich and Latour 1992)

«No problems!»

5/20 diaries returned

[User2 ] I have a pain in one arm and I cannot do housework / The problem is that I cannot wash the dishes, do the shopping and housework / At first I felt lost, but I tried to do what and how I was able to do / The problem is still / I got by and then I feel satisfied, I hope the pain ceases / The pain is there and I have to hold it.

[User1] At 3pm I was expecting the plumber. Just before someone had rung the front door. To my “Who are you?” I heard a man’s voice, but I did not recognize who was because of the siren of a firetruck. Persuaded that he was the plumber, I opened the door and he climbed at the first floor. I opened the door of my house: he was a seller of books who wanted to get into the house pushing me with his bag / Through the peephole I did not distinguish whether he was the plumber or not / I felt anger and insecurity because my confident credulity has been disappointed / I reactedstrongly and I have pushed away him by pointing a fist on his chest / Yes, I am amazed at my reaction and physical strength. But if I had been a person more weak and fragile? / With a videophone you could see who is […].

User re-configures

her/himself(Woolgar 1991)

Semi-structured interviews19/20 elders

Elders’ needs:• Socialization• Autonomy• Enhancement of personal skills

and abilities• Health education and prevention • Friendly access to public and

private services• Security at home

To begin anewengaging in

PD/UCD(Robertson and Wagner 2013)

Fill out the diaries

Antiprogram or agency of users

(Akrich 1992)

They have given us the homework !

Diana I received it, I read it, I looked and fortunately I have not filled out it. I

say fortunately because the last two or three years have not been happy

[...] Perhaps you have a smaller range of problems but for me, egoistically,

[now] it goes well

Simone

Arianna

With that diary ... what we would have to write? ... In short, they are all little things that are not so specific things to write ... then,

all of us have given up ... no one has written ... understand? But an interview ... no problem ... to tell ... I’m able to speak ... it seems to

me strange that I have to write ... stuff that others might be interested to read … this is my daily life

Rationalmind-set

Problem-solving

Informative role of users

Participatorymind-set

Problem-framing

Mutual-learning

Scriptedmaterial

landscape

Scripts

Artifactswith script

Fictiveuser

Real user

Met

hodo

logy

Design process(case in question)

Epist

emol

ogy

Ethi

cs

Ethics and PD

Thank you