Earth’s Energy Transfer
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Transcript of Earth’s Energy Transfer
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Earth’s Energy Transfer
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Once the sun’s energy has
reached the Earth, where does it go?
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Remember Energy Transfer?Conduction– solids
Radiation–No medium
Convection- liquids and gases
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Earth’s Energy Transfer• The atmosphere and
hydrosphere are able to absorb and store, and transfer thermal energy.
Referred to as heat sinks.
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HydrosphereIncludes all water, water vapour and ice on Earth.
Water absorbs and stores more energy than land.
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Hydrosphere and Climate
Remember the Water
Cycle??
Precipitation
Transpiration Evaporation
Ground water Surface Run-off
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Water and Energy TransferEvaporation –
Absorbs energy from oceans and lakesHas a cooling effect (cools surrounding
area)
Condensation –Releases energy when vapour
condenses into cloudsMakes surrounding warm
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Effects of Water on Nearby Regions (Lithosphere)
Water heats up and cools down more slowly than land.
Regions near water are:Summer- Cooler because the water takes
longer to heat up.Winter- Warmer in the fall as the water
slowly emits stored thermal energy as it cools down.
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Effects of Water on Nearby RegionsRegions downwind of large
bodies of water:More snowfall due to LAKE EFFECT!
If water is not covered with ice evaporation increases water vapour
air reaches colder land condenses into snow!!
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Effects of Water on Nearby Regions
Water absorbs more energy than air.
This is why water droplets on your skin
make you shiver….they are
absorbing energy to evaporate!
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Energy Transfer in the Oceans
• Water travels towards the poles, Water cools, evaporates and freezes, rejecting salt, becomes more dense and saltier.
• Surrounding water becomes saltier, more dense, and sinks to the ocean floor.
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Energy Transfer in the Oceans• Currents draw warmer water from the
equator travels to the poles to replace the water sinking and also evaporating.
Creates an ocean conveyor system called
Thermohaline Circulation
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Energy Transfer in Oceans
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Lithosphere• Includes all the solid rock,
soil, and minerals on land and under the oceans.
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Lithosphere and Climate
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Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
• Movement of warm and cold air currents….Convection currents.
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Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
• Air at the equator heats up, becomes less dense and rises.Creating low pressure underneath.
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Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
• Warm air spreads out towards the poles and cools down.Cool air sinks back to Earth’s surface.
Creating a circular convection current.
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Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere
Air flows from high to low pressure → causes air currents which we recognize as wind.
Typical patterns become prevailing winds which help move warm air to the poles.
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VocabularyHeat Sinks
HydrosphereLithosphere
Thermohaline Circulation
HomeworkPg. 335 # 1, 4 - 6
347 # 1 – 7.