EARTHQUAKES AND WAVES Energy Transformation in the form of Seismic Waves.
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Transcript of EARTHQUAKES AND WAVES Energy Transformation in the form of Seismic Waves.
![Page 1: EARTHQUAKES AND WAVES Energy Transformation in the form of Seismic Waves.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d215503460f949f68aa/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
EARTHQUAKES AND WAVESEnergy Transformation in the form of Seismic Waves
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New Island• < http://www.bbc.co.uk/go/em/fr/-/news/world-asia-242725
52 >
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What do you know about Earthquakes?
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Earthquakes
• Earthquakes transfer stored energy into kinetic energy in form of seismic waves.
• These waves are MECHANICAL waves• Waves are an oscillation or vibration that transfers energy
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Earthquake Identification and Location
• Earthquakes are located and identified by their focus, epicenter and magnitude
• Focus: The point where the fracture in rock occurs, (under ground).
• Epicenter: The point, on land, directly above the focus point.
• Magnitude: The amount of energy or destruction that has been released/caused
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Seismographs
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Seismographs
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•Explain the difference between a Focus and an Epicenter?
•If earthquakes are mechanical waves, what are the other types of waves called?
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Magnitude
1. Richter Scale: Measures the total amount of energy released by the earthquake.
• Magnitude 7 or greater is a major quake• Magnitude 6 or less is a minor quake• Magnitude 2 or less is a micro quake or tremor
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Magnitude Continued
•2. Mercalli Scale: Measures the degree of destruction that has been caused. This is a scale that is far more subjective in nature.
Mercalli scale rates on a scale of I – XII
(I) is little damage and (XII) is extreme destruction
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Seismic Waves
Primary or P waves
• Fastest moving seismic wave
• Arrive at recording stations first
• Moves in a spring like way
• Travel through both liquid and solid material
Secondary or S waves
• Slower moving wave• Arrives at recording
stations after the P wave
• Moves in an up and down way
• Cause buildings to shake
• Travels through solid material only
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Primary and Secondary Waves
• P waves oscillate through compression and expansion, in the same direction of movement
• S waves oscillate in a direction that is perpendicular to direction of movement
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L-Waves
• L waves are also known as surface waves
• They are the slowest but most destructive waves
• They are the waves that cause surface rolling
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•Which is the fastest moving seismic wave?
•Which seismic wave is most destructive?
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Distance to Epicenter• Seismologists determine the distance to the earthquake’s
epicenter through analyzing the difference in arrival times at the recording station.
• When arrival times are close, with little difference, the distance to the epicenter is very small.
• The greater the difference in arrival times, the further away the epicenter is
• Use information from 3 recording stations to triangulate the location
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Triangulation
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Location of Earthquakes
• 3 major locations where earthquakes occur
Ring of Fire
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Earthquake location continued
Mid ocean ridges
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Earthquake locations continued
The Eurasian-Melanesian Mountain Belt
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What is the different plate activity at each of the locations where seismic activity takes place?Ring of Fire, Mid-Ocean Ridge,and Eurasian-MelanesianMountain Range