Earthquakes
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Transcript of Earthquakes
EaRtHqUaKeS!!!
Seismology: the study of earthquakes
Most earthquakes take place near the edges of tectonic plates (most active earthquakes occur along the plates surrounding the Pacific Ocean)
What Causes Earthquakes? Deformation is the change in the
shape of rock in response to stress. Rock can deform in 2 ways:
- plastic- elastic
Plastic Deformation Stress causes the crust on one side of
a fault bend like clay
THIS DOES NOT LEAD to EARTHQUAKES!!!!
Elastic Deformation Rock can only stretch so
far before it will break
Like a rubber band, when it breaks, energy is released and the broken pieces return to their unstretched shape causing energy to spread through the earth in waves
Are All Earthquakes the Same?
No. Depending on the type of plate boundary, earthquakes can be strong or weak.
Plate Motion Earthquake Characteristics
Transform Moderate, shallow
Convergent Strong, deep
Divergent Weak, shallow
How Are Earthquakes Measured?
This is a seismograph It is an instrument located at or near
the surface of the Earth that records seismic waves
What Scale is Used to Measure the Strength of an Earthquake?
The Richter ScaleMagnitude Estimated Effects
2 Can only be detected by a seismograph
3 Can be felt at the epicenter*
4 Felt by most in the area
5 Causes damage at the epicenter
6 Causes widespread damage
7 Causes great, widespread damage
* Right where the earthquake begins
Earthquakes Popsicle stick activity
• How did the stick change before it broke?• How might rocks react to pressure?
Faults