Earthquake Vocabulary Notecards
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Transcript of Earthquake Vocabulary Notecards
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Earthquake VocabularyNotecards
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Weathering• Process of breaking down the Earth’s material by natural processes of water, wind, ice, and chemicals into smaller pieces or sediments•Destructive Process
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Erosion•Weathered or broken down rock and other material are moved by natural processes, such as water or wind, from place to place•Destructive Movement
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Deposition• Process where sediments are settled or laid down in a new location•Constructive Process
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Constructive Force• Force that builds up features on the Earth’s surface or on an existing landform
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Destructive Force• Forces that destroy features on the Earth’s surface
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Focus• Point of origin underground where the rocks break producing vibrations and creating an earthquake
Earth’s Surface
Fault Line
DRAW
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Epicenter• Point above ground on the surface directly above the focus
Earth’s Surface
Fault Line
DRAW
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Compression• Force that squeezes rock or an object until it folds or breaks
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Tension• Force that occurs to stretch an object or rock
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Shear• Force that pushes a mass of rock or an object in opposite directions
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Fault Line Types•Normal Fault – blocks of crust are pulled away and one block falls down–Occurs at Divergent Boundary with Tension Force•Reverse Fault – blocks of crust are pushed together and one block slides up–Occurs at Convergent Boundary with Compression
Force• Strike-Slip Fault – blocks of crust slide past each other with no up or down motion–Occurs at Transform Boundary with Shear Force
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Normal Fault Pictures **Do NOT Copy**
blocks of crust are pulled away and one block falls down
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Reverse Fault Pictures **Do NOT Copy**blocks of crust are pushed together and one block slides up
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Strike-Slip Fault Pictures **Do NOT Copy**blocks of crust slide past each other with no up or down
motion
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Types of Seismic Waves• P-Wave (Primary) – first wave from the focus
–Push-pull wave that can travel through solids & liquids–Fastest wave• S-Wave (Secondary) – slow wave from the focus
–Vibrates crust side to side & up or down–Travels only through solids• Surface Wave – slowest wave from the epicenter
–Come from P- & S-Waves that reach the surface–Produce most damage–Stronger near the epicenter
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Richter Scale•Measures strength of seismic waves on a seismograph• Scale of 1-10
–10 is the strongest–Each number is 10 times stronger than the
number before
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Richter Scale **Do NOT Copy**
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When You’re Finished• BBC Plate Tectonics Test Bite **Headphones**• Fault Motion Simulations• Constructive Forces• Destructive Forces• Earthquake Interactive• Forces of Nature **Takes a Few Minutes to Load**• Beat the Quake **Headphones**• Shake, Rattle, & Slide **Headphones**
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Volcanoes VocabularyNotecards
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Magma•Molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surface
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Lava•Molten rock found on the Earth’s surface
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Tephra• Pyroclastic material of any size rock fragments, ash, and/or dust
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Viscosity•Measures the thickness of molten material•High viscosity = thick• Low viscosity = more fluid
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Volcano Activity Levels•Active – has erupted in recent time & can erupt again at any time–Look for Seismic Activity–Example: Mt. St. Helens•Dormant – no eruption in recent time, but has a record of past eruptions–Example: Mt. Rainier in Washington• Extinct – not known to have erupted in modern history or to ever erupt again–Example: Crater Lake
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Types of Volcanoes•Cinder Cone – small base with steep sides
–Made of Cinders–Explosive eruption• Shield – large, wide base with gentle sloping sides
–Calm lava flows
•Composite-Strato – tall, large, mountain-like volcano with snow cap–Alternating eruptions of lava & tephra–Explosive eruption
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Types of Lava•AA – hot, thin, fast flowing
–Hardens with a rough, jagged edge• Pahoehoe – thicker, slow moving lava
–Hardens with smooth, ropy appearance
• Pillow – forms when lava erupts & cools suddenly underwater
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Types of Volcanic Eruptions•Determined by amount of water vapor & gases and chemical composition of magma• Explosive eruption – thick magma, high pressure/gas & water content–Example: Mt. St. Helens•Quiet eruption – fluid magma, low gas pressure & water content–Example: Hawaiian Islands
Mt. Kilauea