Earthquake Scales
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Transcript of Earthquake Scales
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Earthquake Scales
Earthquake Scales - Richter Magnitude, Moment Magnitude and Mercalli Intensity
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The intensity of an earthquake can be described by scales as
Moment magnitude (MW)
Mercalli intensity
Richter magnitude (ML)
Mercall i Intensity Richer Magnitude Moment Magnitude Actual Observation of the Earthquake
Instrumental I 2 1.0 - 3.0 Microearthquakes, usually not felt - detected by instruments
Feeble II 2 3.9 Often felt, especially on upper floors - detected by instruments
Slight III 3 4.0 Felt noticeably indoors, vibration like passing vehicles, cars may rock
Moderate IV 4.9Felt indoors by many, felt outdoors by few. Dishes and doors disturbed, l ike a
heavy truck nearby, walls-cracking sound
Rather Strong V 4 5.0Felt by most people, slight damage. Some dishes and windows broken, some
cracked plaster, trees disturbed
Strong VI 5 5.9 Felt by all, many frightened and run outdoors. Damage minor to moderate
Very Strong VII 5 - 6 6.0Everyone runs outdoors. Much damage to poor designed buildings, some
chimneys broken, noticed by people driving cars
Destructive VIII 6 6.9
Everyone runs outdoors. Damage moderate to major. Minor damage to well
designed structures, major damage in poor designed structures. Chimneys,
columns and walls falls. Heavy furniture turned. Well water changes, sand
and mud ejected
Ruinous IX 7 7.0Can cause serious damage over larger areas. Major damage in all structures,
ground cracked, pipes broken, shift foundation
Disastrous X 7 - 8 Major damage, most masonry and frame structures destroyed. Ground badly
cracked, landslides, water sloshed over river banks, rails bent
Very Disastrous XI 8 Almost all masonry structures destroyed, bridges fall, big fissures in ground,
land slumps, rails bent greatly
Catastrophic XII >8
Devastating in areas several thousand miles across. Total destruction,
Ground surface waves seen, objects thrown in the air. All constructions
destroyed.
Mercall i Intensity - based on actual observations of the damage - can not be measured on instruments
Moment Magnitude - based on energy released - logarithmic scale
Richter Magnitude - based on the movement of a needle - logarithmic scale
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Related Topics
Env ironment - Climate, Meteorology, Sun, Wind and environmental resources ..
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