Earthquake Resistant Expansion

Joint using Hinge Finger Type

2007. 12

We make the happy world !

ILWONTECH Co., Ltd.

ILWON

ILWONTECH Co., Ltd.

·Earthquake zone on the plate boundary

-New Zealand, USA, Japan (Earthquake-resistant advanced countries)

1.Status of earthquake Damage1)Geological earthquake

·Earthquake zone within the plate -USA: Northeastern area -China: Jaeseong Earthquake in 1975

Tangshan Earthquake in 1976

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2) Major earthquakes of the world (since 1900’s)

OrderDate of

occurrenceArea

No. of casualty (people)

Magnitude

1 2005.10.08Northern area,

Pakistan86,000 7.6

2 2004.12.26 Sumatra, Indonesia 283,106 9.0

3 2003.12.26 Southern area, Iran 31,000 6.6

4 2001.01.26 Gujarat , India 20,085 7.7

5 1999.08.17 Izmit, Turkey 15,657 7.4

6 1990.06.20 Rasht, Iran 45,000 7.7

7 1988.12.07Armenia (the Soviet

Union)30,000 6.8

8 1976.07.27 Tangshan, China 242,000 7.6

9 1970.05.31 Peru 66,000 7.8

10 1939.12.27 Erzincan, Turkey 23,000 8.0

11 1923.09.01 Kanto, Japan 143,000 8.2

12 1920.12.16 Kansu, China 180,000 8.5

13 1908.12.28 Messina, Italy 120,000 7.5

(Over 10,000 casualty)

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3) Example of damaged bridge by earthquake

◈ Kobe earthquake, Japan

-Date of occurrence : 01.17.1995

-Casualty : 6,300 people

-Wounded : 35,000 people

-Magnitude : 7.2

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◈ Loma Prieta earthquake

- Year of occurrence : 1989- Magnitude : 7.1- Among 4,250 bridges

·Minor damage: 89 ·Major damage: 11

Collapse of the upper part of the steel trust bridge (Oakland Bay Bridge)

Breakdown of the punching in the upper structure (State Highway Bridge)

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◈ Northridge earthquake

- Date of occurrence : Jan 17,1994

- Casualty : 57 people- Wounded : 90,000 people

Antelope Valley Freeway

Santa Monica Freeway

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2. Improvement of aseismatic performance in Bridges

Road standard specifications, Ministry of Construction, 1992 Earthquake resistant design criteria, Ministry of construction

& Transportation, 1997 Road bridge design criteria, Ministry of construction &

Transportation, 2000 Road bridge design criteria, Ministry of construction &

Transportation, 2005

1) Standard of earthquake-resistant design

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2) Basic policy of the earthquake-resistant design

Purpose of earthquake-resistant design Securing the quake-proof ability in order to minimize the damage of the

bridge caused by the earthquake

Basic concept of earthquake-resistant design criteria Minimizing casualties. Allowing partial damage in bridge members but preventing entire

collapse in case of earthquakes. Making it possible to perform the basic function of the bridge in case of

earthquake. The Design Criteria can be applied to all area in South Korea. A creative work can be acknowledged to develop more advanced

design even though it does not follow the rule.

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3) Aseismatic level of the Road Bridge and seismic design

Aseismatic level

BridgeAverage cycle of

occurrence of seismic design

First class Bridges

-Bridges on highway, driveway, special city road, metropolitan road or general local highway - Bridge on roads built for preventing disaster in local area, city and province and important bridges considered in daily planned traffic volume- Elevated bridge passing over the road building first class bridge against the earthquake

1000 years

Second class

- Bridges excluded in the first class of the aseismatic level

500 years

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4) Response Correction FactorIn case of satisfying all the design requirements for the earthquake-resistant design, designed seismic force for each member and joint part of bridge is the value of the elastic seismic force divided by the response correction factor., In case of the lower structure, however, the longitudinal force and shearing force are not divided by response correction factor.

Lower structure R Connection part (1) R

Box frame type pier 2Abutment of the upper structure 0.8

Steel concrete pile frame (Bent)1. In case of using vertical pile only 32. In case of using more than one batter pile 2

Expansion within a span of the upper structure 0.8

Single column 3Column, pier or pile frame and cab beam or upper structure 1.0

Steel or composite steel or concrete pile frame1. In case of using vertical pile only 52. In case of using more than one batter pile 3 Column or pier & base 1.0

Multiple frame 5

Note : (1) The connection part means the device delivering the shearing force and compressive force between members and includes bridge bearings and shearing key. At this time, the response correction factor is applied to the elastic seismic force into the working direction.

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5) Change of the concept in earthquake-resistant design

The existing earthquake-resistant design : increasing the strength of the structure Beginning of the modern earthquake resistant design caused by

Messina earthquake in Italy with magnitude 7.5 in 1908 Building the structure stronger can resist from the horizontal load

generated by earthquakes Aiming the prevention of collapse Allowing the structural damage Increasing seismic movement of the inside of the structure

A new earthquake-resistant design : controlling the seismic movement of the structure Seismic movement control system reducing the required strength by

using seismic isolation system or energy dissipation system

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6) Earthquake-proof system for bridges◈ Approach of the earthquake-proof system

Earthquake is the energetic phenomenon and the earthquake energy concentrate on the fixed structure giving the damage

The Large plate displacement

Structural deformation

Induced energy

Damage

Earthquake

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Damage of the expansion joint and anti-falling pin

Damage of Rahmen pier (fixed axis)

Upper plate falling down

Damage of Rahmen tie beam pier

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Plate displacement

Induced energy

◈ Application of aseismatic system

The system prevents the earthquake and terminates its energy. It makes smaller energy come into the structure reliving the remaining energy.

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7)Development Status for the seismic prevention system

◈Bearing system – rubber bearing· Long cyclic function : Flexible horizontal

transformation ability Changing up to 600% in rubber shearing

deformation· Vertical load support function: sufficient load

supporting ability Supporting up to maximum 147 Mpa/cm2

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◈Supporting device - LRB, HDR

· Seismic isolation support integrated with damping function· Support injecting lead with excellent plasticity· Support using high damping rubber

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◈Damper

·Oil damper Using low viscosity fluid Low dependency on temperature Complicated inner structure

·Viscosity damper Using high viscosity fluid High dependency on

temperature Simple inner structure

Upper Plate Structure

Measuring Device

Quake Isolation Device (Friction Bearing, Lead Rubber Bearing)

Reaction energy fixed anchor

Quick Release Jack

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◈Device preventing the bridge falling

·Cable confining device from SEEE company

Upper Plate

Expansion Joint

Cable type Bridge falling block system

pier

Buffer

Bearing

Spring

Stopping Plate

Protection Cab

Connection Cable (PC Cable) Nut

Cladding material (Polyethylene resin)

Buffering (Bearing plate + Buffer packing)

Mansion

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1) ERJ - Use : long-span vertical expansion joint - Expansion : 300 ~ 800mm

3. Earthquake Resistant Expansion Joint (ERJ) of Finger type structure by using Hinge

Patent NO.10-20060071877, NO.10-20060071878 Assigned to Technical Innovation Class “A” in the propriety evaluation of new

technology idea

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2) ERJ (Earthquake Resistant Expansion Joint) Deal drawing

(Rubber Plate)

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3) ERJ standard cross sectional view

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3) ERJ ground plan

course of a vehicle

Direction of a vehicle

Direction of a vehicle

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4) Characteristics of ERJ movement

Longitudinal movement

Transversal movement

Up& Down movement

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5) Detailed drawing of the Rubber Seal in the lower part

Bonding picture

Installation picture

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6) Comparison Table of earthquake-resistant expansion joints

ClassificationEarthquake-resistant expansion

joints(ILWON)

Earthquake-resistant expansion joints

(Other companies)Structure Simple Complicated

Movement feature

Enough to move into three directions of X, Y, and Z axles

Limited up & down movement into Z axle Allow the movement into X and Y axles

Maintenance

-Partial repair due to its unit structure

-can be replaced the Rubber Seal only

from the lower laying gap without any traffic control - No traffic control

- Partial repair is impossible due to its monolithic structure

- Full traffic control

Applicability Easy to construct due to its simple structure

- Requires heavy equipment for the installation due to its monolithic structure - Full traffic control

Ride quality Satisfactory with its Finger type structure

- Heavy noise with its discontinuous structural feature reducing the ride quality

Product price(Expansion

400mm)

Low price , about USD 9,700 / meter

High price , about 17,100 / meter

ILWONTECH Co., Ltd.

Thank you so much!!