Earthquake Measurement Questions Dteston
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Transcript of Earthquake Measurement Questions Dteston
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•What does the inside of the Earth look like?
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How do we determine the composition of the Earth?
• Scientists cannot see the interior so they must use other ways to figure it out!
• Earthquakes have many different types of waves• These waves travel at different speeds
through solids and liquids • Some waves don’t travel at all through
liquids.• Measuring these waves tells us what is in the
Earth’s core and where the materials change.
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Earth Layers
• The Earth is divided into four main layers.
*Inner Core*Outer Core*Mantle *Crust
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The Earth’s Crust• The crust is the thinnest layer on Earth
• There are two types of crust
• Oceanic crust – made mostly of the igneous rock basalt. Found under the ocean. Relatively thin.
• Continental crust – made mostly of granite. Found under the continents. Relatively thick.
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Special parts of the Crust
• Lithosphere• Crust is the upper part of the lithosphere• Broken up into large plates
• Asthenosphere• Upper part of mantle, below lithosphere • 130 – 160 km thick• Cooler part of the mantle that the
lithospheric plates slide on top of.
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The Earth’s Mantle• Located directly above the outer core
• Starts below the crust
• Is the largest layer
• 80% of the Earth’s volume & 68% of Earth’s mass
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The Earth’s Mantle• Composed of more iron than the crust.
• Density, pressure, and temperature all increase the deeper you go in the mantle
• Temperature ranges from 870 C – 2200 C
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Special layers of the mantle
• Lithosphere – crust plus the upper, solid part of the mantle. Forms plates.
• Asthenosphere – just under the lithosphere. Slow moving “Silly putty” layer on which the lithospheric plates slid. (Solid rock that flows very slowly.)
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Currents in the Mantle
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The Earth’s Core
The Earth’s Core• Composed of the inner and outer
core• Both are made of iron and nickel
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•How do scientists know that there is a solid inner core?
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The Earth’s Outer CoreThe Outer Core - Liquid• Surrounds the inner core
• Temperature ranges from 2200 C – 5000 C near inner core
• Molten (liquid) iron and nickel
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The Earth’s Inner CoreThe Inner Core - Solid• Temperature reaches 5000 C
• Solid iron and nickel • Usually both would be liquid but are solid in
the core because of the incredible pressure
• The solid core is the source of Earth’s magnetic field
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What do you know about these layers?