Oceans, Unit 4 NotesEarth’s oceans

ocean from largest to smallest 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Home to an incredibly web of life.Water on Earth

of the planet is covered by oceans of the water on Earth is in the oceans is locked in glaciers and ice caps is fresh water in lakes, rivers, and aquifers

Ocean’s ElementsThe ocean water is made up of and (water or H2O).

The other two main elements in ocean water are and (salt or NaCl).

, sulfur and calcium are the next most abundant elements.

Sun’s EffectMuch of the sun’s radiation is in the oceans in the form of , particularly at the equator.

The oceans help distribute this heat around the .

Some of the heat into the atmosphere, and some remains in the oceans.

Surface Ocean CurrentsA flow of water in a particular direction, created mainly by surface .

Surface ocean currents drive .

Warm water is transported from the towards the .

Cold water is transported from the towards the .

Oceans, Unit 4 NotesSurface Ocean CurrentsOcean currents help regulate global even if an area is hundreds of miles from the coast.

Without currents, regional temperatures would be more – super hot at the equator and at the poles.

Much more of the land would be .

Coriolis EffectBecause the Earth on its axis, circulating air is toward the right in the Northern Hemisphere and left in the Southern Hemisphere.

This is the Effect.

The water at the ocean surface (Surface Ocean Currents) is moved primarily by due to this certain .

Example - Gulf StreamA powerful, , swift ocean current flowing in the Atlantic.

Originates in the and travels up the east coast of the U.S. before combining with the North Atlantic Drift.

Brings much temperatures to Western and Northern than would otherwise occur.

SalinityMeasure of the amount of in the water. (salinity = saltiness)

Measured in parts per (ppt)

Average ocean salinity is . For every 1000 grams (1kg) of seawater, 35 grams are salt.

Average river salinity is

Oceans, Unit 4 NotesSalinity and DensityDensity is affected by

Water with dissolved salts ( ) is .

Water with without dissolved salts (lower or no ) is dense.

The Great Salt Lake has very high salinity ( ). This makes it easy to .

Temperature and DensityDensity is affected by

Water with temperatures is .

Water with temperatures is .

in the ocean move warm water towards the surface and cold water deep into the ocean.

Deep Ocean CurrentsDriven by density differences in and

temperature and salinity is the ocean water.

Flows the surface of the ocean

Moves nutrients, oxygen, and with them.

TidesDue to the of the moon.

Causes the oceans to in the direction of the moon.

Another bulge occurs on the of the

Earth. Because of the Earth’s rotation, this happens a day.

Oceans, Unit 4 NotesOceanic CrustA thick layer of rock that separates the Earth’s from the hot beneath it.

Different from continental crust in several ways.

Sea Floor SpreadingPlates 1 and 2 .

Magma rise, cools, and forming new igneous

rock. This happens at .

The youngest rocks are found to the ridge.

occurs at plate boundaries

Seafloor FeaturesContinental – edge of the continent that lies under the ocean

Continental – the break that descends toward the seafloor

Continental – final boundary between the continental crust and oceanic crust

– deep channels cut through the continental shelf

– underwater plain usually lying between the continental rise and mid-ocean ridge – covers more that 50% of the Earth’s surface - Long, narrow depressions on the seafloor formed when plates collide

Trench – deepest part of the ocean (almost 7 miles deep)

– undersea mountains formed by volcanic activity – biological hotspots

Oceans, Unit 4 NotesDependence on Oceans supplies us with fresh water

Provides and excess carbon dioxide through plants for food and fish

oils Jobs

Tourism and recreation

Effects our weather

patterns

and oil

Human Impact – over fishing or threatening fish environments

– 80% of marine pollution comes from land (runoff)

/Development – disrupts fragile marine environments

– sea surface temperatures rise impacting climate; also, sea levels rise

ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS1. Answer:

2. Answer:

3. Answer:

4. Answer:

5. Answer:

6. Answer:

QUICK ACTION – OCEANS1. Answer:

2. Answer:

Oceans, Unit 4 Notes3. Answer:

What ways does ____________________________ impact the ocean? (5+ sentences) – pick one from stations

Water in the World Distribution ChartAll waterSalt water (oceans/seas) ______% Fresh water _____%Fresh waterGlaciers and Icecaps ______% Groundwater_____%Surface water (accessible) ______%Accessible surface waterLakes ______% Soil moisture_____%Water vapor ______% Rivers ______%

Oceans, Unit 4 NotesWater within living things (biological water) ______%

Oceans, Unit 4 Notes

Oceans, Unit 4 Notes

Oceans, Unit 4 NotesEarth 2100: Questions for discussion

1. What are the concerns that the documentary raises? What effect would this have on various disciplines within human geography (population, migration, politics, urban planning, industrial development)?

a. Population

b. Migration

c. Politics

d. Urban planning

e. Industrial development

2. What are your thoughts on population growth? Do you think excessive population growth can be sustained?

a. How?

3. To what extent has population growth influenced the way resources are allocated (given out)?

4. This documentary originally aired in 2009. We are now approaching 2020. Have any of the possible scenarios started?

Oceans, Unit 4 Notes

5. What interventions has the global community taken, if any, to prevent these scenarios from happening?

6. Refer back to the first question. Where do you think these issues will stand in 2050? 2100?

7. Write 5 new ideas you learned from the video. #1-

#2-

#3-

#4-

#5-

8. Rate the video on a scale of 1 to 10. 1= terrible, 10=informative. Why did you give it this rating?