Earth & Space Science Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks.
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Transcript of Earth & Space Science Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks.
![Page 1: Earth & Space Science Chapter 6 Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks.](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051401/5697bfd11a28abf838cab216/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Earth & Space ScienceChapter 6
Sedimentary and Metamorphic Rocks
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Weathering vs. Erosion
Weathering:• produces sediment by breaking down rock• can be chemical or mechanicalErosion:• transports sediment through– moving water – wind– gravity Draw a picture of
each– glaciers of these factors.
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How can rocks form from sediment?
• Lithification (lithos = stone):– Compaction—compression by overlying layers
(sometimes pore space left, esp. sandstone)– Cementation—mineral “glue”
• Sedimentary features– Bedding (seen in hwy rock cuts) – Ripple marks– Sorting/rounding of grains– Fossils
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Sedimentary Rock FeaturesBedding (horizontal layering):
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Sedimentary Rock Features
• Most fossils are found in sedimentary rocks.
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Types of Sedimentary Rock
Clastic—made of small bits (clasts) stuck together• Coarse (>2 mm pieces)– conglomerate
• Medium (1/16 mm to 2 mm)– sandstone
• Fine (1/256 mm to 1/16 mm)– siltstone
• Very fine (< 1/256 mm)– shale
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Types of Sedimentary Rock
Organic/Biochemical formed from/by living organisms
• Coal• Fossiliferous limestone• Coquina• Chalk
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Types of Sedimentary Rock
Chemical evaporites and precipitates• Rock salt• Rock Gypsum• Compact limestone• Chert/flint
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What causes metamorphism?
• Temperature• Pressure
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Features of Metamorphic Rocks
• Solid state change in minerals (remember Bowen’s reaction series?)
• Foliation—parallel layers or bands—caused by pressure
• Reorganization of crystals
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Protoliths of Foliated Rocks
• Granite gneiss (banded)• Various schist (layered)• Shale slate (layered)
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Protoliths of Nonfoliated Rocks
• Limestone marble• Sandstone quartzite
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Types of Metamorphism
• Low grade to high grade• Regional• Contact• Hydrothermal (hot groundwater)
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Economic Importance of Metamorphic Rocks
• Building/Construction– Slate, marble
• Metallic mineral resources– Ores (iron, lead)– Native minerals (gold, copper, silver)
• Nonmetallic mineral resources– Talc, asbestos, graphite
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The Rock Cycle