Earth Science Review

Earth Science ReviewWill you be ready or will I see you in September?? againThings to bring!!!Pen2 sharpened pencilsCalculatorYour Brain!

Things not to Bring!!!!Cell Phonesipods, hpods, mp3 players etcBad attitudesLaziness

StudyYou are not through with this class until after exams, and then again, maybe not20 to 30 minutes a night

Facts to RememberGlaciers create U-shaped valleys

Rivers= V-shaped valleys

When the sun is highest in the sky, your shadow is shortest (noon/June 21st)

Solar Eclipse occurs when moon blocks out the sun as seen from Earth (New moon phase)

Water has a high Specific HeatWhich means it takes a long time and energy to increase temperature, but it also takes a long time to cool down

Waters Specific Heat is the reason whyMarine Climate (AREAS BY LARGE BODIES OF WATER)Are cooler in the summer and warmer in the winterSmall temperature range

Lunar EclipseMay happen during the full moon phase when the Earth casts a shadow on the moon

Be Prepared, Dont let the Earth Science Exam be a Heart Breaker!

High Pressure SystemsSpin Clockwise and out from center/ sinking airClear, cool weatherNo rain or precipitation

Dirt is a dirty word!!Soil takes a long time to develop, however soil is created quicker in warm humid climates

Soil is made of organic materials (humus) and pieces of weathered rockAir Pressure decreases as altitude increases!

Low Pressure SystemsSpin Counterclockwise and in towards centerStorms/Bad weather rain / Rising Air

cPmTThe Closer air temp. is to dewpoint. Temp. the greater the chance for rainHigh humidity as well

76Convert air pressure less than 500 add a 10 in front more than 500 add a 9 in front, and last number is made a decimal. Angle of Insolation & Seasons

NYS longest duration of Insolation on June 21st (summer Solstice)

Shortest Dec 21st (winter solstice)

12 hrs. of day & night on March 21st & Sept 21st (equinox)Earthquakes & Volcanoes occur at Plate Boundaries

Ring of FireSan Andres FaultMetamorphism (heat and/or pressure)

As Heat & pressure are increased the rock will changeShale changes to SlateSlate changes to PhyllitePhyllite changes to SchistSchist changes to GneissIf life gives you schist, make gneiss of it!Outside Curve Faster (erosion)Inside Curve Slower (deposition)

Cutbank erosional featureSandbar depositional featureCold Dry Air Comes From Canada(Just like Justin Bieber)

Responsible for cold frontscP continental PolarConvergent Boundary ocean crust (dense) meets continental (less dense)

Subduction MeltingVolcanoesOcean TrenchConvection Currents in the Upper Mantle cause Plate Movement

Midocean RidgeRedlines new crust Yellow lines older crustContour Lines

Highest Possible Elevation of x = 69When close together contour lines indicates a steep slopeWhen far apart, contour lines indicate a gentle slopeThe of profile hills are rounded off,but do not touch the next contour line

Water Expands When it Freezes

Responsible for a lot of weathering in cold moist climate like NYS (potholes)Planetary Winds Belts

WetDryLow PressureWinds do not move straight because of the Coriolis EffectNYS is affected by the South West winds. Thats why our weather usually moves in that direction.Horizontal Sorting larger particles get deposited first, then smaller ones when a stream meets a lake or ocean

Ocean Tides

Spring Tides (really high and low tides)Neap Tides (not so high and low tides)Internal Arrangement of a minerals atoms are responsible for hardness, cleavage and streak.

The altitude of Polaris above the horizon equals degrees North latitude!

Groundwater

Zone of Aeration pore spaces between particles are filled w/ airZone of Saturation pore spaces are filled with waterWater TableCapillarity- when water goes up (small particles)lMid-Atlantic Ridge Divergent Boundary

Time Zones 15 Degrees of Longitude

Subtract 1 hr. for every 15 degrees WestAdd 1 hr. for every 15 degrees EastLatitude and Longitude

D= 60 N 60 EB= 25 S 55 WLatitude Here = 66.5 Degrees North

Summer Solstice June 21st- N. Hemisphere Tilted Towards Sun

Direct Rays @ 23.5 N Tropic of CancerSuns Path Across the Sky

Summer PathFall / Spring PathWinter PathOlder Rock Layers are at the Bottom

Sequence of Rock Layers C, B, A, D

D- igneous intrusion happened last since it goes through all layersIgneous Intrusion would scorch A sandstone into quartzite

B shale into slate

Limestone into marble

Seasons

Summer June 21stWinter Dec 21stFall Sept 21stSpring March 21stEquinox March 21st & Sept. 21st

Direct Rays fall on the equator twice a year. Everywhere on Earth gets 12 hr. of day & night.Precambrain Time is as old school as Rob Base88% of Earths 4.6 Billion year ExistancePrecambrian TimeHumans on Earth

Incoming Insolation in the form short-wave Ultraviolet radiation (strong & gets through)Infrared radiation long waves and weakerSeasons are opposite in Southern Hemisphere

Winter in S. HemisphereSummer in S. HemisphereWeather Instruments

Barometer Air PressureAnemometer wind speedThermometer - temperaturePsychrometer - humidityGlaciers leave behind unsorted sediments (mixture of sizes)

Close isobars on weather indicate fast wind speed

WindyRevolution vs. Rotation

15 degrees per hour1 degree per dayMore Water in Stream means faster Velocity (speed)

Rivers flow opposite way contour lines bend

Stream flows in a SE direction hereRemember these facts and I have a good feeling that you can pass!

Convection cells in Asthenosphere Cause the Movement of Plate Tectonics

Ocean Crust is Mafic & Continental Crust is FelsicMafic Basalt

Felsic Granite

Redshift = Expanding Universe

Gases from Volcanoes Made up the Earths 1st AtmospherePoisonous and smelly (fart)

Then simple ocean living organisms(bacteria) released oxygen into atmosphere over billions of years

Dark, rough surfaces absorb insolation fast while light, smooth surfaces reflect insolation

Adirondack Mountains are made of metamorphic rocksHeat and pressure fromwhen N. America Crashed intoAfrica (long ago)

During Heavy RainsWater does notinfiltrate ground, butbecomes runoff

Impermeable SurfacesLike roads,do not allow waterto soak inClay soils are also impermeable

Index Fossils Lived everywhere/short time

Seabreeze

LOWHighHey Look, at one time places like NYS were close to equatorThats why we have limestone & coral fossils in NYSPA has coal

Clouds form by rising air cooling & condensingDewpoint Temp.is reached

Listen up!! Dont be worthless and weak!!!

You need to be prepared!

Knowing about rocks is cool! Especially cobble!Hey, I didnt write the exam.Actually I dont like the exam, but WE HAVE TO DEAL WITH ITSo these test taking tips will help

Tips for Multiple Choice QuestionsRead the question and try to answer before looking at the choices

Read the question and try to answer before looking at the choices

Tips for Multiple Choice QuestionsEliminate obvious distracters

Tips for Multiple Choice QuestionsJust because a choice may have some truth, it does not mean that it answers the question

Tips for Multiple Choice QuestionsAlsoRead all choices before answering a questionSkip over hard questions for laterInformation in one part of the test may be helpful in other partsDo not leave any answers blank -- if all else fails, guessTips for Multiple Choice QuestionsContains multiple parts and/or stepsRequires you to develop your own responseIncluded on the exam to:assess your understanding rather than your memorizationdemonstrate your ability to solve problems and integrate datadisplay your knowledge of skills such as graphing, calculating, and drawing isolines and profiles

Constructed Response QuestionsKnow what will be expected of youAlways include units in your answers Use your answer sheet for clues on how to answer questionsTips for Constructed Response QuestionsConstructed Response Practice 1

Constructed Response Practice 1

ABCConstructed Response Practice 1

The water velocity decreases; orThe particles slow down and are depositedDont Stress Dr. M out and Listen!!!

Remember!School does not end until you pass the exam

Pass or Fail Its up to you!PassFailIts not magic, you must be prepared and ready?Be Ready!Study a little bit each day right up to exam

Take Your Time On ExamYou have three hours, use itDo not rush just to join your friends for lunch etc

Have a Positive AttitudeBe calm, not all hyped up right before examDont get lazy, use reference tables to look up answers

Use Test Taking SkillsEliminate dumb choicesDo not leave blanksRead all directions Read all parts to each questionBe Prepared2 pencilsPencalculator

Feel Good!Bring a sweatshirt/hoody, it may be cold, and they make good pillows after you finishEat lunch before examIt is difficult to concentrate when you are hungryGet a good nights sleepDo not play video games etc until 3am

NO CELL PHONES

Earth Science ExamNo Laziness Allowed!!!!

HOPEFULLY I DO NOT SEE YOU IN EARTH SCIENCE CLASS AGAIN.Hopefully just in the hallways Shout out to Bubbles Calcite

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Teacher, Teacher38 Special1984Rock193891.92