Earth Science Homework Help - ScholarAnswer

7/30/2019 Earth Science Homework Help - ScholarAnswer

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Layers of the Earths Atmosphere

Earth Science: Overview


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Composition of Atmosphere

The Atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the planet and makescondition on Earth suitable for living

Nitrogen - 78% ; Oxygen - 21% ; Water Vapor - 0 to 4% ; Carbon Dioxide - .037%

; Other gases make up the rest 99% of atmospheric gases, including water

vapor, extend only 30 kilometer above earth's surface. Most of our weather

occurs within the first 10 to 15 km.



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The envelope of gas

surrounding the Earth

changes from the ground

up. Five distinct layers have

been identified using-

temperature changes,

chemical composition,movement, and density.

Each of the layers are

bounded by "pauses"

where the greatest

changes in thermal

characteristics, chemical

composition, movement,

and density occur.

Five Layers of Atmosphere



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Troposphere lowest layer extends up to 10km; contains 99% of the water vapor and 75%

of the atmospheric gases.

This is the first layer above the surface and contains most clouds and half ofthe Earth's atmosphere.

Weather occurs in this layer.

Most of the layers heat is from Earth. Temperature cools about 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer of altitude.

Varies in thickness and temperature.

Stratosphere

Approximately 40km thick

Large planes travel through this layer. Because air is thinner at this altitude

and so planes encounter less friction there and can therefore fly faster and use

less fuel.



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Mesosphere :

It is the third layer of the atmosphere

Extends from the top of the stratosphere to about 85 km above Earth. It is

approximately 40km thick.

There is a wide variety of temperatures because there arent many air

molecules and so they do not absorb a lot of warmth from the sun.

Temperatures decrease with altitude in the mesosphere

It protects Earth from meteoroids that have manages to break through the

Thermosphere.



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Thermosphere: Thickest atmospheric layer found between 85 km and 500 km

above Earths surface

Suns rays are strong in this zone, and create high temperatures that exceed

1000oC.

The thermosphere is a layer with auroras.

At an altitude of 90 to 300km the IONOSPHERE is found. It is useful from

earths communication system because it contains a lot of electrically charged

particles. These particles bounce radio waves.

Exosphere: The atmosphere merges into space in the extremely thin exosphere.

This is the upper limit of our atmosphere.

Outer layer where space shuttle orbits.



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Conclusion

Earths atmosphere is divided into five major layers. The

layers are based on temperature.

The troposphere is the lowest layer. Temperature

decreases with altitude in this layer. All weather takes

place here. The stratosphere is the layer above the

troposphere. Temperature increases with altitude in

this layer. The ozone layer occurs here. Themesosphere is the layer above the stratosphere.

Temperature decreases with altitude in this layer.

Meteors burn up here. The thermosphere is the layer

above the mesosphere. Temperature increases with

altitude in this layer. The northern and southern lights

occur here. The exosphere is the highest layer. Air

molecules are very far apart. They may escape Earths

gravity and float into space.



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