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Earth Observation and Sensing Technologies: a focus on ...
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Earth Observation and Sensing Technologies: a focus on Radar Imaging Developments
Riccardo Lanari
Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the Environment (IREA)
National Research Council of Italy (CNR)
Via Diocleziano, 328 - 80124 Napoli e-mail: [email protected]
http:/ / www.irea.cnr.it
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Active sensors: capability to "observe" during day and night
Why Radar (SAR) Imaging from space ?
Microwave sensors: capability to "observe" even in presence of clouds
Coherent sensors: capability to preserve both amplitude and “phase” information (SAR Interferometry)
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
t1
t2
Interferogram
π - π
π - π 2/λ
Campi Flegrei
Interferogram: March 2000 – July 2000
Deformation map
“Observing” with coherent systems
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
VOLCANIC SEISMIC
URBAN LANDSLIDES
Radar Imaging plays a key role in many contexts
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Radar Imaging plays a key role in many contexts
… and, of course, it can be very relevant in the Arctic scenario
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
ERS1
ERS2
RADARSAT-1
ENVISAT
2010 1992 1995 2001 1997 2002
J-ERS1
1998 First Generation
2007 2014 2006
RADARSAT-2
2011
TERRASAR-X
SENTINEL-1
ALOS
ALOS-2
COSMO-SKYMED -2
COSMO-SKYMED
Temporal development of radar satellites for earth observation
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Inte
rfer
ogra
ms
Berardino, P., Fornaro, G., Lanari, R., Sansosti, E., 2002. A new algorithm for surface deformation monitoring based on small baseline differential SAR interferograms. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 40 (11), 2375–2383.
Mean deformation velocity [cm/yr]
> 0.75 <- 0.75
Mt. Vesuvio Campi Flegrei
Ischia
Advanced InSAR technique: the Small BAseline Subset (SBAS)
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Why InSAR and Advanced InSAR in Arctic regions?
It can be profitably exploited to study:
• volcanoes;
• permafrost and associated subsidence;
• terrain stability;
• oil/gas fields and power engineering structures;
• fast ice and glacier motion.
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
ERS1
ERS2
RADARSAT-1
ENVISAT
2010 1992 1995 2001 1997 2002
J-ERS1
1998 2007 2014 2006
RADARSAT-2
2011
TERRASAR-X
SENTINEL-1
ALOS
ALOS-2
COSMO-SKYMED -2
COSMO-SKYMED
Temporal development of radar satellites for earth observation
Second generation
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
• Sensor spatial resolution: 3 m • Spatial coverage: 40 x 40 km
• X-band
CSK1 CSK2
CSK3
CSK4 CSK1
8 days 1 3 days 4 days Time
16 days
COSMO-SkyMed (CSK) Constellation
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
NW passage Area of Interest
Polar routes monitoring (Courtesy of A. Coletta – ASI)
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
NW passage one day (ASC) coverage with Huge Region ScanSAR mode
Polar routes monitoring
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
NW passage one day (DESC) coverage with Huge Region ScanSAR mode
Polar routes monitoring
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Polar routes monitoring
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Polar routes monitoring scenario (one day DESC)
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
COSMO-SkyMed Northern Routes test collection
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Permafrost in Canada: the Yellowknife area
Seasonal surface displacement derived from InSAR, Yellowknife and surrounding area, Northwest Territories; Short, N; Stevens, C W; Wolfe, S A. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7030, 2011, ; 11 pages; 1 CD-ROM, doi:10.4095/289578
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Permafrost in Canada: the Yellowknife area
Seasonal surface displacement derived from InSAR, Yellowknife and surrounding area, Northwest Territories; Short, N; Stevens, C W; Wolfe, S A. Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 7030, 2011, ; 11 pages; 1 CD-ROM, doi:10.4095/289578
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
CSK SAR images over time: the Yellowknife area
03012013CSK 16032013CSK 12062013CSK 26072013CSK
11102013CSK 19112013CSK 01122013CSK 21122013CSK
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
CSK DInSAR results: the Yellowknife area
17122013CSK-21122013CSK b ⊥≅ 250 m
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
CSK SBAS-InSAR results: the Yellowknife area
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
P-SBAS service on G-POD platform: automatic processing
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
27
ASI/CSA Joint AO
Opened: September,2, 2013 Closed: November,1, 2013 Projects started: april,1, 2014 Projects lifetime: 4 years
Simona Zoffoli (ASI) & Stephane Chalifoux (CSA)
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Proposals and Application Domains
Proposals Submitted
Proposals Approved
Canadian PI 22 20
Italian PI 39 30
TOTAL 61 50
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Airborne SAR Spaceborne SAR
Track deviations Spatial coverage
Operational flexibility
Resolution
Orbit stability Spatial coverage
Operational flexibility Resolution
Airborne vs Spaceborne SAR systems
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Such a system upgrading has been funded by CNR, via a MIUR (Italian Ministry of Education, Universities and Research) funding, in the framework of a cooperation with the Italian Agency for Agriculture Subsidy Payments (AGEA).
TELAER is an X-band airborne SAR system. Originally equipped with a single TX/RX antenna, it has recently been upgraded to a multi-antenna, i.e., interferometric, configuration.
TELAER SAR system
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Mode 1 Mode 2
Swath width (km) 10 2
Transmitted Bandwidth (MHz) 50 400
Hardware flexibility leads to a multi-mode operative configuration
Resolution: 4 m Resolution: 50 cm
Somma-Vesuvio volcanic complex, Napoli, South of Italy
TELAER SAR system
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Resolution: 4 m Resolution: 50 cm
Across Track InSAR with TELAER: the Somma-Vesuvio volcano
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Resolution: 50 cm
Along Track InSAR with TELAER: the Volturno river outfall, Napoli
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Airborne low-frequency radar: CO.RI.S.T.A.-IREA collaboration
A new airborne low-frequency radar has been developed under the ASI fundings. This project is developed within a collaboration between consortium CO.RI.S.T.A. (radar definition, design, development and test) and CNR-IREA (data processing)
Main features:
• Multi-mode system: sounder and SAR;
• Multi-frequency: 3 bandwidth (160 MHz, 450 MHz, 900 MHz);
• Flexible timing: stepped-frequency with DDS technology;
• Easily programmable: PRF, Chirp and Acquisition window lengths, RGD.
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Airborne low-frequency radar: ASI-IREA collaboration
The radar system has been tested through three flight campaigns over South Italy:
October 2011: with AB212 (only sounder)
June 2012: with AS350 (sounder and SAR @ 450 MHz)
October 2013: with AB212 (sounder and SAR @ 450 MHz and 900 MHz)
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Some examples of data processing in case of sounder mode
Canada-Italy: Arctic Science and Technology Collaboration Workshop Ottawa, 22 October 2014
Thanks !