Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay...
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Transcript of Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay...
![Page 1: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Earth
Exact Age of Earth: _______
![Page 2: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay
http://www.btinternet.com/~j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif
![Page 3: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Geologic Dating Methods II: Known Rates of Radioactive Decay
http://people.hofstra.edu/j_b_bennington/2cnotes/halflife.JPG
![Page 4: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Geologic Dating Methods III: Ratios of Parent : Daughter Atoms
Radiocarbon half-lifes
![Page 5: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
EARTH’S OLDEST ROCKS
4.03 BYA (Acosta Gneisses)3.7 – 3.8 BYA
3.4 – 3.5 BYA
http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html
3.4 – 3.6 BYA
![Page 6: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Earth’s Oldest Known Rocks
(Probably do NOT date to Earth’s Formation)
![Page 7: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Geologic Forces(e.g., Plate Tectonics)
![Page 8: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Origin of Solar System
![Page 9: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
IRON METEORITES(Canyon Diablo)
Age: 4.53-4.58 BYA (U > Pb)http://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html
![Page 10: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Canyon Diablo Crater(Near Flagstaff AZ)
![Page 11: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
LUNAR ROCKS
Oldest Moon Rocks: 4.4-4.5 BYAhttp://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/geotime/age.html
![Page 12: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Earth’s Origin (~ 4.5-4.6 BYA)
![Page 13: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
500 Million Years After Origin of Earth(Artistic Rendition)
http://www.arcadiastreet.com/cgvistas/earth/images/earth_ancient_volcano_600.jpg
![Page 14: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
The Earth Cools(Artistic Rendition)
http://www.cartage.org.lb/en/themes/Sciences/Paleontology/Paleozoology/Precambrian/Precambrian.htm
![Page 15: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Ancient Evidence for Free Oxygen
• Isua Rock (Greenland): ~ 3.7 Billion Years Old• Metamorphosed Sediments• Abundant Free Uranium – Likely Only in
Oxidizing Environment
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Oxygen Liberating Process?
![Page 17: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Ancient Fossil “Cyanobacteria”(3.47 BYA)
http://marsfossil.home.netcom.com/images/pilbara_detail.jpg
Apex Chert in Western Australia (Pilbara Formation)
![Page 18: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Fossil Stromatolites(3.5 BYA)
![Page 19: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Living Stromatolites(Shark Bay Australia)
![Page 20: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Fig. 2.8 in Willis and McElwain 2002
Stromatolite Formation
![Page 21: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Living Stromatolites(Cross-Section)
![Page 22: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Fossil Stromatolites (with Fossil Microorganisms)
Gunflint Chert – Ontario, Canada (2 BYA)
![Page 23: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Origin of the Cell?
![Page 24: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Origin of Organic Macromolecules?
![Page 25: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Hypothesis I: Terrestrial Accretion
(Miller – Urey Experiments 1950s)
![Page 26: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Origin of Cell Membrane?
![Page 27: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Fig. 2.4 in Willis and McElwain 2002
Hypothesis: Drying, Rehydrating of Tide Pools
![Page 28: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
Hypothesis II: Meteoric and Cometary Infallof Organic Molecules formed Elsewhere
(Present Day Meterites can contain 1% Organic Molecules)
![Page 29: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Hypothesis III: Meteoric and Cometary Infallof Cells formed Elsewhere (e.g., Mars)
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Predominantly Non-Oxidized Sediments
Reduced Rocks
![Page 31: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Ancient Evidence for Free Oxygen
• Isua Rock (Greenland): ~ 3.7 Billion Years Old• Metamorphosed Sediments• Abundant Free Uranium – Likely Only in
Oxidizing Environment
![Page 32: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Banded Iron Formations (Up to 3.7-3.8 Billion Years Ago)
Evidence for Pulses of Free Oxygen
![Page 33: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Red Beds(Up to 2.3 Billion Years Ago)
Evidence for Free Oxygen Accumulation
![Page 34: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
Heterocysts(Up to 2.1 Billion Years Ago)
Microbiology 155 (2009), 1418-1426
![Page 35: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Atmospheric Oxygen Levels
http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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Fossil Eukaryotic Cells
Grypania ciliaris (Alga) in Northern Michigan
(2.1 – 1.1 BYA)
![Page 37: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
Fossil “Red Alga” in Arctic Canada(1200 MYA)
“Bangia”Figs. 2.12 in Willis and McElwain 2002
![Page 38: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Fossil “Green Alga” in Spitsbergen(800-700 MYA)
“Cladophora”Fig. 2.14 in Willis and McElwain 2002
![Page 39: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Fossil Tetrads(> 470 MYA)
Bitter Springs Formation, Australia
![Page 40: Earth Exact Age of Earth: _______. Geologic Dating Methods I: Radioactive Decay j.doyle/SR/Emc2/decay_a-decay.gif.](https://reader035.fdocuments.us/reader035/viewer/2022070403/56649f2c5503460f94c4734d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Cooksonia (420 MYA)