Early Years to Reconstruction Chapters 1-5. The Beginning Columbus- 1492, went to discover water...
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Transcript of Early Years to Reconstruction Chapters 1-5. The Beginning Columbus- 1492, went to discover water...
The BeginningThe Beginning
Columbus- 1492, went to discover water Columbus- 1492, went to discover water route to the Indiesroute to the Indies
-1492; Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria-1492; Nina, Pinta, Santa MariaLanded on present day San SalvadorLanded on present day San Salvador ““Indians”- reached Americas by migrating Indians”- reached Americas by migrating
from Asia across Bering Straitfrom Asia across Bering Strait
Pg. 4-5Pg. 4-5
England vs. SpainEngland vs. Spain
Magna Carta, 1215- Magna Carta, 1215- “Great Charter”“Great Charter” shaped British Gov andshaped British Gov and became became foundation for American ideals and libertyfoundation for American ideals and liberty
England, Spain, France exploring, Spain England, Spain, France exploring, Spain winningwinning
Spain- God, Gold, GlorySpain- God, Gold, GlorySpanish settlements, missionariesSpanish settlements, missionaries
Pg. 7-8, 14-15Pg. 7-8, 14-15
Europe- Henry Hudson, Sir Francis DrakeEurope- Henry Hudson, Sir Francis Drake Roanoke Disaster- Sir Walter Raleigh, John WhiteRoanoke Disaster- Sir Walter Raleigh, John White 1585-1590, Croatoan1585-1590, Croatoan Jamestown- 1607, 1Jamestown- 1607, 1stst permanent English permanent English
settlement, Why did it almost fail?settlement, Why did it almost fail? John Smith, John Rolfe (tobacco), PocahontasJohn Smith, John Rolfe (tobacco), Pocahontas Discovery, Godspeed, Susan ConstantDiscovery, Godspeed, Susan Constant ““You must obey this now for a law, that he that will You must obey this now for a law, that he that will
not work shall not eat…” John Smithnot work shall not eat…” John Smith
Pg. 17-18Pg. 17-18
Other English ColoniesOther English ColoniesPuritans: wanted a purer Anglican Church, Puritans: wanted a purer Anglican Church,
Separatists: branches of PuritansSeparatists: branches of PuritansPlymouth 1620- 100 Separatists (Pilgrims)Plymouth 1620- 100 Separatists (Pilgrims)MayflowerMayflower-- Mayflower Compact: stated Mayflower Compact: stated
settlers would obey their gov. lawssettlers would obey their gov. laws““We…do…combine ourselves together into We…do…combine ourselves together into
a civil body politic, for our better ordering a civil body politic, for our better ordering and preservation”and preservation”
Pg. 19-20 Pg. 19-20
Squanto- taught Plymouth to plant cornSquanto- taught Plymouth to plant cornMassachusetts Bay Colony 1630- 1000 Massachusetts Bay Colony 1630- 1000
English settlers, few miles north of PlymouthEnglish settlers, few miles north of PlymouthGreat Migration- by 1643 over 20,000 living Great Migration- by 1643 over 20,000 living
in 20 different townsin 20 different townsSalem 1692- Salem Witch Trials: 20 men Salem 1692- Salem Witch Trials: 20 men
and women were executedand women were executed
Pg. 20-21Pg. 20-21
Labor for PlantationsLabor for Plantations
Indentured servants- work 7 yrs, voyage Indentured servants- work 7 yrs, voyage paid for paid for and received food and shelterand received food and shelter
18-22 yrs old, poor, unmarried18-22 yrs old, poor, unmarried16 African Americans arrived, 161916 African Americans arrived, 1619
Pg. 18-19Pg. 18-19
Slavery in the ColoniesSlavery in the Colonies1 out of 5 was African American (mid 1700s)1 out of 5 was African American (mid 1700s)Triangular Trade- Americas, Europe, AfricaTriangular Trade- Americas, Europe, AfricaTools/supplies to America-goods to Europe-Tools/supplies to America-goods to Europe-
guns and steel to Africa-Slaves to Americasguns and steel to Africa-Slaves to AmericasTravel for weeks crammed onto small shipsTravel for weeks crammed onto small shipsWere actually sold in Africa and sent to Were actually sold in Africa and sent to
AmericasAmericas
Pg. 10, 27-29Pg. 10, 27-29
Once arrived in Americas they were soldOnce arrived in Americas they were soldSouth Carolina, Georgia had most slavesSouth Carolina, Georgia had most slaves400,000 living in Southern Colonies late 400,000 living in Southern Colonies late
1700s1700sSlave RevoltsSlave RevoltsFree Blacks- usually poorer living Free Blacks- usually poorer living
conditions, limited rights, more conditions, limited rights, more discrimination, 1700’sdiscrimination, 1700’s
Pg. 29-30Pg. 29-30
Leading to the RevolutionLeading to the Revolution
French and Indian War 1754-1763French and Indian War 1754-1763Fight for control of North AmericaFight for control of North AmericaBritish vs. French and Indian alliesBritish vs. French and Indian allies1759 British captured New France (turning 1759 British captured New France (turning
point of war)point of war)Treaty of Paris 1763 British east of Treaty of Paris 1763 British east of
Mississippi, Spain west of Mississippi Mississippi, Spain west of Mississippi
Pg. 40-42Pg. 40-42
American RevolutionAmerican Revolution
Sugar Act 1764- Taxing sugarSugar Act 1764- Taxing sugarQuartering Act 1765- colonistsQuartering Act 1765- colonists had to had to
provide housingprovide housing and supplies and supplies for Britishfor British troopstroops
Stamp Act 1765- Taxing printed Stamp Act 1765- Taxing printed documents, even newspapersdocuments, even newspapers
WhyWhy did they do this?did they do this?
Pg. 42-43Pg. 42-43
Rising tensionsRising tensionsBoston Massacre-Boston Massacre- March 5, 1770: 5 March 5, 1770: 5
colonists diedcolonists died1773 Tea Act- tax on teas1773 Tea Act- tax on teasBoston Tea Party-Boston Tea Party- Dec. 16, 1773 Dec. 16, 1773First Continental Congress 1774First Continental Congress 1774Shot heard round the world –Shot heard round the world – Lexington Lexington
then Concord- first battles of the American then Concord- first battles of the American RevolutionRevolution, 1775, 1775
What events led to the Revolution?What events led to the Revolution?Pg. 44-45Pg. 44-45
Revolutionary IdeasRevolutionary Ideas
Common SenseCommon Sense- written by Thomas Paine- written by Thomas Paine Jan 1776Jan 1776
““The period of debate is closed. Arms as The period of debate is closed. Arms as the last resource decide the contest…’TIS the last resource decide the contest…’TIS TIME TO PART”TIME TO PART”
Declaration of Independence- Declaration of Independence- July 2, 1776; July 2, 1776; Lee ResolutionLee Resolution, July 4, 1776 DoI was , July 4, 1776 DoI was approvedapproved
Pg. 46Pg. 46
Who drafted the Declaration?Who drafted the Declaration?-Thomas Jefferson with the help of John -Thomas Jefferson with the help of John
Adams and Ben FranklinAdams and Ben FranklinTimothy Matlack hand wrote the DoI which Timothy Matlack hand wrote the DoI which
is on display todayis on display todayMost signed it Aug 2, 1776Most signed it Aug 2, 1776DoI stated ordinary citizens would have a DoI stated ordinary citizens would have a
strong voice in their own govstrong voice in their own gov ““these United Colonies are, and of Right these United Colonies are, and of Right
ought to be Free and Independent States”ought to be Free and Independent States”Pg. 46Pg. 46
Fighting the RevolutionFighting the Revolution LeadersLeaders-British: Charles Cornwallis, William Howe, John -British: Charles Cornwallis, William Howe, John
Burgoyne, Thomas Gage, Banastre Tarleton, Burgoyne, Thomas Gage, Banastre Tarleton, Henry ClintonHenry Clinton
-Americans: George Washington, Horatio Gates, -Americans: George Washington, Horatio Gates, Nathanael Greene, Benedict Arnold, (France) Nathanael Greene, Benedict Arnold, (France) Marquiis de Lafayette, (France) Comte de Marquiis de Lafayette, (France) Comte de Rochambeau, (Prussia) von SteubenRochambeau, (Prussia) von Steuben
Women- Deborah Samson storyWomen- Deborah Samson story
Major Battles: Bunker Hill, Ft. Major Battles: Bunker Hill, Ft. Ticonderoga, Trenton (Washington Ticonderoga, Trenton (Washington crossed the Delaware, 1776), Princeton, crossed the Delaware, 1776), Princeton, Brandywine Creek, Charleston, Cowpens, Brandywine Creek, Charleston, Cowpens, Guilford Court House, and …Guilford Court House, and …
Yorktown, 1781- Cornwallis surrendered to Yorktown, 1781- Cornwallis surrendered to WashingtonWashington
1783- Treaty of Paris1783- Treaty of ParisRevolution inspired Patriotism and spread Revolution inspired Patriotism and spread
the idea of libertythe idea of liberty
Pg. 46-49 Pg. 46-49
The ConstitutionThe Constitution
Articles of Confederation, 1781- set of laws Articles of Confederation, 1781- set of laws to govern the USto govern the US
Constitutional Convention 1787 brought Constitutional Convention 1787 brought about the Constitution, Sept. 17about the Constitution, Sept. 17
Issue: populated states overpowering Issue: populated states overpowering smaller statessmaller states (Great Compromise)(Great Compromise)
Pg. 57-58Pg. 57-58
Bill of Rights and the 1Bill of Rights and the 1stst President President
Part of the ConstitutionPart of the ConstitutionBoR, BoR, 17911791- first 10 amendments, protect - first 10 amendments, protect
citizens rightscitizens rights11stst President? President?Only President to receive 100% of votesOnly President to receive 100% of votes
Pg. 62-63Pg. 62-63
Bill of Rights- 10 AmendmentsBill of Rights- 10 Amendments1 Freedom of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly as 1 Freedom of religion, speech, press, peaceful assembly as
well as right to petition the gov.well as right to petition the gov.2 Right to keep and bear arms2 Right to keep and bear arms3 Protection from quartering the troops3 Protection from quartering the troops4 Protection from unreasonable search and seizure4 Protection from unreasonable search and seizure5 Due process, double jeopardy, self incrimination, private 5 Due process, double jeopardy, self incrimination, private
propertyproperty6 Trial by jury and right to a speedy trial6 Trial by jury and right to a speedy trial7 Civil trial by jury7 Civil trial by jury8 Prohibition of excessive bail and cruel and unusual 8 Prohibition of excessive bail and cruel and unusual
punishmentpunishment9 Protection of rights that are not specific on BoR9 Protection of rights that are not specific on BoR10 Powers of states and people10 Powers of states and people
Early PresidentsEarly Presidents
John Adams 1797-1801, Thomas John Adams 1797-1801, Thomas Jefferson 1801-1809 (Louisiana Purchase Jefferson 1801-1809 (Louisiana Purchase 1803), James Madison 1809-1817 (War of 1803), James Madison 1809-1817 (War of 1812, Missouri Compromise), James 1812, Missouri Compromise), James Monroe- 1817-1825, John Quincy Adams- Monroe- 1817-1825, John Quincy Adams- 1825-1829, Andrew Jackson 1829-18371825-1829, Andrew Jackson 1829-1837
Texas IndependenceTexas Independence Stephen F. Austin- colony in east TexasStephen F. Austin- colony in east Texas Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- dictator of Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna- dictator of
Mexico, won battle at The AlamoMexico, won battle at The Alamo March 2, 1836 declared independent Republic March 2, 1836 declared independent Republic
of Texasof Texas Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at Battle of Sam Houston defeated Santa Anna at Battle of
San Jacinto Apr 21, 1836, forced Santa Anna to San Jacinto Apr 21, 1836, forced Santa Anna to sign treaty recognizing Republic of Texassign treaty recognizing Republic of Texas
Pg. 109-110Pg. 109-110
Industrial RevolutionIndustrial Revolution
Late 1700’s Late 1700’s Eli Whitney- interchangeable parts (guns) Eli Whitney- interchangeable parts (guns)
1798, the Cotton Gin 17941798, the Cotton Gin 17941765, James Watt steam engine; Robert 1765, James Watt steam engine; Robert
Fulton 1807 1Fulton 1807 1stst commercial steamboat commercial steamboatCanals, roads, railroadsCanals, roads, railroads
Pg. 112-113Pg. 112-113
Rise of Labor UnionsRise of Labor Unions
Little pay and no benefits in workplaceLittle pay and no benefits in workplaceStrikes took placeStrikes took place1834, 11834, 1stst labor union labor unionMost died out or outlawed but set a Most died out or outlawed but set a
precedent for future workersprecedent for future workers
Pg. 119Pg. 119
Antislavery MovementAntislavery Movement
Abolitionists- people wanting to end slaveryAbolitionists- people wanting to end slavery Importing of slaves to US ended in 1808Importing of slaves to US ended in 1808William Lloyd Garrison “…AND I WILL BE William Lloyd Garrison “…AND I WILL BE
HEARD” 1HEARD” 1stst issue of issue of The LiberatorThe LiberatorFrederick Douglas- born to slavery, Frederick Douglas- born to slavery,
escaped, spoke in US and Great Britain, escaped, spoke in US and Great Britain, wrote an autobiographywrote an autobiography
Pg. 129-130Pg. 129-130
Underground Railroad- network of escape Underground Railroad- network of escape routes provided slaves with protection and routes provided slaves with protection and transportation to the northtransportation to the north
Harriet Tubman- “The Black Moses”Harriet Tubman- “The Black Moses”
Pg. 130-131Pg. 130-131
Women’s RightsWomen’s Rights
Women writers, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Women writers, Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Lucretia Mott, Elizabeth Cady Stanton- 1st women rights convention (Seneca Falls, NY)
Women were in factories, less growing of food and making clothes, but most thought they should remain at home
Pg. 131-132
Leading to the Civil WarLeading to the Civil War
Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854, settlers could Kansas-Nebraska Act- 1854, settlers could decide slavery in territoriesdecide slavery in territories (popular (popular sovereignty), Stephen Douglas, sovereignty), Stephen Douglas, repealed repealed the Missouri Compromisethe Missouri Compromise
““Bleeding Kansas”- violent raids between Bleeding Kansas”- violent raids between proslavery and antislavery settlersproslavery and antislavery settlers
Dred Scott Decision- 1857, most Dred Scott Decision- 1857, most controversial decisions in historycontroversial decisions in history
Pg. 139-140Pg. 139-140
John Brown Raid- 1859, Harpers Ferry John Brown Raid- 1859, Harpers Ferry VirginiaVirginia
Lincoln PresidentLincoln PresidentSouth secedes from the North forming South secedes from the North forming
Confederate States of America after 1860 Confederate States of America after 1860 election, election, Jefferson Davis PresidentJefferson Davis President
The Civil War is about to beginThe Civil War is about to begin
Pg. 141-144Pg. 141-144
The Civil WarThe Civil War
Apr 12, 1861, Apr 12, 1861, South fired on North at Ft. South fired on North at Ft. Sumter; started the Civil WarSumter; started the Civil War
South committed act of open rebellionSouth committed act of open rebellionWar was only optionWar was only option
Pg. 144Pg. 144
StrengthsStrengths
North- better prepared, better movement North- better prepared, better movement of troops and supplies (transportation), of troops and supplies (transportation), more factories (guns, ammo), more more factories (guns, ammo), more money, more men; Anaconda Planmoney, more men; Anaconda Plan
South- more trained military leaders, could South- more trained military leaders, could set up more of a defensive tactic, fighting set up more of a defensive tactic, fighting to preserve way of life (morale); Attritionto preserve way of life (morale); Attrition
Pg. 158Pg. 158
Tactics and StrategyTactics and Strategy
Masses of charging troopsMasses of charging troopsShells (exploded in air or when hitting Shells (exploded in air or when hitting
something) replaced cannon ballssomething) replaced cannon ballsCanister (like a shotgun shell but worse)Canister (like a shotgun shell but worse)Death tolls were high, many lost limbsDeath tolls were high, many lost limbsSouth- The Hunley; first submarine to blow South- The Hunley; first submarine to blow
up an enemy vesselup an enemy vessel
Pg. 160Pg. 160
Lincoln and SlaveryLincoln and Slavery Opposed slavery but didn’t feel he had legal Opposed slavery but didn’t feel he had legal
authority to abolish itauthority to abolish it Emancipation Proclamation, 1863- slaves in Emancipation Proclamation, 1863- slaves in
areas of rebellion would be freeareas of rebellion would be free Not very effectiveNot very effective 10% of troops serving for North were black10% of troops serving for North were black Many were freed slaves from the South and Many were freed slaves from the South and
viewed fighting against slavery a milestone in viewed fighting against slavery a milestone in their historytheir history
Pg. 171-173Pg. 171-173
Major Civil War BattlesMajor Civil War Battles
First Battle of Bull Run, 1861First Battle of Bull Run, 1861Battle of Shiloh, 1862Battle of Shiloh, 1862Battle of the Ironclads- 1862, Battle of the Ironclads- 1862, Merrimack vs. Merrimack vs.
MonitorMonitor, wooden navies became obsolete, wooden navies became obsoleteSecond Battle of Bull Run, 1862Second Battle of Bull Run, 1862Battle of Antietam, 1862Battle of Antietam, 1862
Pg. 158-165Pg. 158-165
Battle of Fredericksburg, 1862Battle of Fredericksburg, 1862Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863Battle of Chancellorsville, 1863Battle of Gettysburg, 1863, Battle of Gettysburg, 1863, Gettysburg-greatest battle ever fought on Gettysburg-greatest battle ever fought on
American soil, Union victory, turning pointAmerican soil, Union victory, turning pointGettysburg Address; President Lincoln Gettysburg Address; President Lincoln
expressed grief of loses, reasons for expressed grief of loses, reasons for renewed efforts, preserving the Union and renewed efforts, preserving the Union and its principlesits principles
““Fourscore and seven years ago…”Fourscore and seven years ago…”Pg. 179-180Pg. 179-180
More Important BattlesMore Important Battles
Battle of the Wilderness, 1864Battle of the Wilderness, 1864Battle of Spotsylvania, 1864Battle of Spotsylvania, 1864Sherman’s march to the sea, 1864, “War Sherman’s march to the sea, 1864, “War
is cruelty…The crueler it is, the sooner it is cruelty…The crueler it is, the sooner it will be over”will be over”
Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, April 9, 1865, Lee to GrantApril 9, 1865, Lee to Grant
Pg. 187-192Pg. 187-192
End of WarEnd of War
Confederate forces gave up a few weeks Confederate forces gave up a few weeks after the surrenderafter the surrender
April 14, 1865 Lincoln was assassinated at April 14, 1865 Lincoln was assassinated at Fords Theatre in Washington DC by John Fords Theatre in Washington DC by John Wilkes BoothWilkes Booth
Losses and gains were made because of the Losses and gains were made because of the Civil War, the most important, African Civil War, the most important, African Americans were no longer slaves but citizensAmericans were no longer slaves but citizens
Pg. 192-193Pg. 192-193
ReconstructionReconstruction
1865-1877, federal gov repaired damage 1865-1877, federal gov repaired damage to the South and restored Southern states to the South and restored Southern states to the Unionto the Union
2/3 shipping industry destroyed, also took 2/3 shipping industry destroyed, also took out many livestock, factories, and citiesout many livestock, factories, and cities
North lost 364,000; South lost 260,000North lost 364,000; South lost 260,000
Pg. 200-201Pg. 200-201
Hardships in the South After the Hardships in the South After the WarWar
Black Southerners- homeless, jobless, Black Southerners- homeless, jobless, hungryhungry
Plantation Owners- had to sell property or Plantation Owners- had to sell property or hire less workershire less workers
Poor White Southerners- migrated to Poor White Southerners- migrated to Mississippi or Texas for new opportunityMississippi or Texas for new opportunity
Pg. 201Pg. 201
Lincoln’s Reconstruction PlanLincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
Pardon (forgiveness) if an oath of Pardon (forgiveness) if an oath of allegiance to the Union was takenallegiance to the Union was taken
Denied pardons to those who killed African Denied pardons to those who killed African American POW’sAmerican POW’s
States could hold elections, after certain States could hold elections, after certain stipulationsstipulations
Radical Republicans viewed plan as too Radical Republicans viewed plan as too lenient on the Southlenient on the South
Pg. 202-203Pg. 202-203
Johnson’s Reconstruction PlanJohnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Pardoned those who swore allegiance to Pardoned those who swore allegiance to UnionUnion
Void secession and pay Confederate debtVoid secession and pay Confederate debtStates hold electionsStates hold elections
Pg. 203Pg. 203
Freedom?Freedom?African Americans no longer just propertyAfrican Americans no longer just propertyJoyful reunionsJoyful reunionsStarted to own landStarted to own landChurches formed to help each other outChurches formed to help each other outBecame educatedBecame educatedFreedman’s Bureau- 1865 first major Freedman’s Bureau- 1865 first major
federal relief agency in USfederal relief agency in USPg. 203-205Pg. 203-205
AmendmentsAmendments
1313thth Amendment- Abolished Slavery Amendment- Abolished Slavery1414thth Amendment- Equal (Rights) protection Amendment- Equal (Rights) protection
under the law for everyoneunder the law for everyone, 1868, 18681515thth Amendment- Voting rights for all male Amendment- Voting rights for all male
citizenscitizens, 1870, 1870
Pg. 207, 209Pg. 207, 209
Effects of ReconstructionEffects of Reconstruction on the on the SouthSouth
Changes in labor forceChanges in labor forceEmphasis on cash crops onlyEmphasis on cash crops onlyCycle of debtCycle of debtRise of MerchantsRise of MerchantsGrowth of citiesGrowth of cities
Pg. 214-215Pg. 214-215
Successes and FailuresSuccesses and Failures
Successes- Union restored, new wealth Successes- Union restored, new wealth created in North, Southern states adopt created in North, Southern states adopt system of mandatory education, 13,14 and system of mandatory education, 13,14 and 1515thth amendments amendments
Failures- Southerners remained bitter, Failures- Southerners remained bitter, South slow to industrialize, many in South South slow to industrialize, many in South caught in poverty, KKK (racist attitudes)caught in poverty, KKK (racist attitudes)
Pg. 221Pg. 221
End of ReconstructionEnd of Reconstruction
KKK- Ku Klux Klan, terrorized enemies of KKK- Ku Klux Klan, terrorized enemies of the south, dressed in white to represent the south, dressed in white to represent ghosts of Confederate Soldiersghosts of Confederate Soldiers
Compromise of 1877- Hayes would win Compromise of 1877- Hayes would win presidential election if he removed federal presidential election if he removed federal troops out of the Southtroops out of the South
Pg. 218-220Pg. 218-220