Early Writings - Truman State University Press...Contents: v. 1. Early writings, creed, scripture,...

i

The Peter Martyr Library

Volume One

Early Writings

Vol1.Book Page i Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM

Irena Backus

Institut d’histoire de la RéformationUniversité de Génève

Peter S. Bietenholz

University of Saskatchewan

Rita Belladonna

York UniversityDownsview, Ontario

Fritz Büsser

Institut für SchweizerReformationsgeschichte, Zurich

Antonio D’Andrea

McGill University, Montreal

Richard C. Gamble

Calvin College and SeminaryGrand Rapids, Michigan

Robert M. Kingdon

Institute for Research in the HumanitiesUniversity of Wisconsin-Madison

William Klempa

The Presbyterian College, Montreal

John H. Leith

Union Theological Seminary of Virginia

Michael Percival-Maxwell


Alister E. McGrath

Wycliffe HallOxford University

John McIntyre

University of Edinburgh

H. Wayne Pipkin

Associated Mennonite BiblicalSeminaries, Elkhart, Indian

a

Jill Raitt

University of MissouriColumbia, Missouri

Donna R. Runnalls


Luigi Santini

Chiesa Evangelica ValdeseFirenze

Pamela D. Stewart

McGill UniversityMontreal

John Tedeschi

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Thomas F. Torrance

University of Edinburgh

Cesare Vasoli

Facoltà della Storia, Firenze

The Peter Martyr Library

Series One

General EditorsJ

OHN

P

ATRICK

D

ONNELLY

, S. J.

,

and

J

OSEPH

C. McLelland

Managing Editor

R

OBERT

V. S

CHNUCKER

Editorial Committee

Marvin W. Anderson Rita Belladonna

Edward J. Furcha Frank A. James III

William J. Klempa

Editorial Board

Vol1.Book Page ii Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM

iii

Vol1.prelims Page iii Friday, April 16, 2010 9:15 AM

This book has been brought to publication with the generous support ofNortheast Missouri State University

and is published jointly byThe Thomas Jefferson University Press

and Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, Inc.Kirksville, Missouri, U.S.A.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Vermigli, Pietro Martire, 1499–1562.[Works. English. 1994]The Peter Martyr library. Series one / general editors, John Patrick

Donnelly and Joseph C. McLellandp. c.m. — (Sixteenth century essays & studies : v. 30–31)Includes bibliographical references and indexes.

Contents: v. 1. Early writings, creed, scripture, church / translated byMariano Di Gangi and Joseph C. McLelland ; edited, with an introductionand notes, by Joseph C. McLelland — v. 2. Dialogue on the two natures ofChrist / translated and edited with an introduction and notes by JohnPatrick Donnelly.

ISBN 0-940474-32-8 (v. 1 : alk. paper)1. Theology, Doctrinal—History‚ 16th century. 2. Bible—Criticism,

interpretation, etc.—History—16th century. 3. Reformation. I. Donnelly,John Patrick, 1934– . II. McLelland, Joseph C. III. Title. IV. Series.BR350.V37 1994270.6—dc29 94-18802

CIP

Composed at Northeast Missouri State UniversityKirksville, Missouri 63501

Cover Art and Title Page by Teresa Wheeler, NMSU DesignerManufactured by Edwards Brothers, Ann Arbor, Michigan

Text is set in Carter & Cone Galliard 10/13

Copyright ©1994 by Sixteenth Century Journal Publishers, Inc., Kirksville, Missouri63501 U.S.A. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced or trans-mitted in any format by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopyingand recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permissionin writing from the publisher. Printed in the United States of America.

∞ The paper in this publication meets or exceeds the minimum requirements of theAmerican National Standard—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials,

ANSI Z39.48 (1984).

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v

Contents

List of Illustrations vi

Abbreviations used in this Volume viii

General Editors’ Preface ix

Biographical Introduction: Peter Martyr Vermigli,

by Philip M. J. McNair

3

Part One

�

The Apostles’ Creed

Introduction,

by Joseph C. McLelland

17

The Apostles’ Creed: A Plain Exposition of the Twelve Articlesof the Chrisian Faith,

translated by Mariano Di Gangi

27

I believe in God the Father Almighty, maker of heaven and earth

28

�

I believein Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was conceived of the Holy Spirit, bornof the Virgin Mary, suffered under Pointius Pilate, was crucified, died, and wasburied. He descended to Hell. On the third day he rose from the dead. He as-cended into heaven and sits at the right side of the Father Almighty. From therehe will come at last to judge the living and the dead 32

�

Conceived of the HolySpirit and born of the Virgin Mary

36

�

He suffered under Pontius Pilate,was crucified, died, and buried; he descended into hell

39

�

He was buried,and descended into hell.

43

�

The third day he rose again from the dead. Heascended into heaven, and sits on the right hand of God the Father Almighty

44

�

He shall come to judge the living and the dead

50

�

I believe in theHoly Spirit

55

�

I believe in the holy catholic church, the communion of saints

59

�

The forgiveness of sins

69

�

The resurrection of the flesh

73

�

And thelife everlasting

75

Part Two

�

Theses for Debate, Strasbourg, 1543–1545

Introduction,


83

The Propositions

85

�

Education through Debate

86

�

The Necessary andthe Probable

88

�

Text and Translation

89

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vi

Contents

Theses for Debate: The Propositions of Dr. Peter Martyr forPublic Disputation in the School of Strasbourg

translated by Joseph C. McLelland

91

Propositions from Genesis

91–125

�

Propositions from Exodus

126–151

�

Prospoitions from Leviticus

152–157

�

Judges

158

�

Prolemata

158

Part Three

�

Schism and the True Church

Introduction,


163

Apologia pro ecclesia reformata

163

�

Peter Martyr and John Jewel

166

�

Della Vera Chiesa

167

�

Text and Translation

168

Schism and the True Church: Whether Evangelicals Are Schismaticsfor Having Separated from the Papists

translated by Mariano Di Gangi

171

Of Schism

171

�

Our Separation was for Just Causes

173

�

Our SeparationWas Absolutely Necessary

206

�

We Have Not Rejected the Church but Re-turned to It

212

Chief Works of Peter Martyr Vermigli 225

Recent Works on Peter Martyr Vermigli 226

About the Translators 227

Acknowledgments 228

Scripture References 229

Index 233

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vii

vii

Illustrations

Peter Martyr Vermigli, from painting by H. Asper 2

Title page from first edition of Vermigli’s Credo (1544) 16

Title page from English edition of Vermigli’s Credo (1578) 80

Title page from Vermigli’s

Opuscula Theologica

(1532) 82

Peter Martyr Vermigli’s likeness from Beza’s

Icones

160

Title Page from Vermigli’s commentary on Kings (1566) 162

Title page from Vermigli’s

Tratto della Vera Chiesa

(1573) 170

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viii

viii

Abbreviations used in this Volum

‰

ACW Ancient Christian Writers Series. J. Quasten, W. J. Burghardt, andT. C. Lawler, General Editors. Westminster, Md.: Newman Press.

BIB

A Bibliography of the Writings of Peter Martyr Vermigli

. John Patrick Donnellyand Robert M. . Kingdon, with Marvin W. Anderson. Kirksville, Mo.: Six-teenth Century Journal Publishers, 1990.

BSSV

Bollettino Della Società Di Studi Valdesi

.CHRP

The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy

. Edited by C. Schmitt andQ. Skinner. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

CL

Clavis Patrum Latinorum

.CP

Common Places of P. M. V.

Anthony Marten. London, 1583.CR

Corpus Reformatorum

. Edited by C. G. Bretschneider and H. E. Bindseil.Halle, 1834–.

CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum.DM The Life, Early Letters and Eucharistic Writings of Peter Martyr. Translated by

G. E. Duffield and J. C. McLelland. Oxford: Sutton Courtenay Press,1989.

KS Die Theologie Peter Martyr Vermiglis während seines ersten Aufenthalts in Strass-burg 1542-1547: Ein Reformkatholik unter den Vätern der reformierten Kirche.Beiträge zur Geschichte und Lehre der Reformierten Kirche, 31. KlausSturm. Neukirchen-Vluyne: Neukirchener Verlag, 1971.

LC Loci Communes of Peter Martyr Vermigli, London: R. Masson, 1576; Basle:P. Perna, 1580–82 (3 vols.).

McN Peter Martyr in Italy: An Anatomy of Apostasy. Philip M. J. McNair. Oxford:Clarendon Press, 1967.

MWA Peter Martyr: A Reformer in Exile (1542-1562), Marvin W. Anderson. Nieuwk-oop: B. De Graaf, 1975.

PG Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Graeca. Edited by J. P. Migne. Paris, 1857.PL Patrologiae Cursus Completus, Series Latina. Edited by J. P. Migne. Paris,

1844– VWG The Visible Words of God: An Exposition of The Sacramental Theology of Peter

Martyr Vermigli, J. C. McLelland. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd, 1957.

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ix

ix

General Editors’ Preface

HE PETER MARTYR LIBRARY is a series of English translations of thechief works of Peter Martyr Vermigli (1499–1562). This first volume is

a composite, drawing together the work of three scholars and presentingbiography, theology, ecclesiology, and biblical interpretation. These EarlyWritings afford a view of the making of a Reformer, his formation in “ItalianEvangelism,” his advancement in a monastic and theological career, and hischoice of exile on behalf of his new orientation.

Philip M. J. McNair, leading modern biographer of Peter Martyr, offersa summary account of the life and work of this influential reformer. He tracesthe thorough grounding in philosophy and theology, the outstanding careerin the Augustinian Order, and the subsequent events of an exile spent in threecenters of Reform—Strasbourg, Oxford, and Zurich.

The first two works translated here belong to the first Strasbourgperiod, 1543–47. The third is included because it represents Martyr's consid-ered reasons for leaving the Church of Rome. Together they provide insightinto his early life and thought. All three display the heart of Martyr’s theology,which reflects Aristotle as well as Paul: theologia practica, both pastoral andmoral. Although forty-three years old when he left Italy, Martyr’s monasticvocation occupied him too closely for systematic writing. Besides, his naturaldiffidence held back this natural scholar. His erudition—perhaps second tonone of his generation—shows through in the voluminous writings of his lasttwenty years, especially the commentaries on Samuel and Kings, with theirnumerous scholia showing the breadth of his learning and perception. In thetrilogy presented here we see something of the pastoral intent, the scholarlymethod, and the hermeneutics of Peter Martyr.

Subsequent volumes will illustrate this Reformer's breadth of learningand interest. Some are as polemical as the age: against John Brenz and theLutheran doctrine of the ubiquity of Christ’s body, against Richard Smith onmonastic vows, and against Stephen Gardiner on the manner of Christ’s pres-ence in the eucharist. Others are more pastoral, notably Prayers from the Psalmsand addresses on Scripture reading and vocation. The bulk of his work con-

T

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x General Editors’ Preface

sists of biblical commentaries. Some of the longer scholia which they containwill be selected for separate volumes. Thus our series hopes to make availablethe chief works of this remarkable Reformer.

John Patrick Donnelly, S.J.Joseph C. McLelland

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3

3

Biographical Introducion

Peter Martyr Vermigli

NE OF THE MOST REMARKABLE DEVELOPMENTS of Reformation scholar-ship in the second half of the twentieth century has been the rise of inter-

est in Peter Martyr Vermigli. Forty years ago it would have been difficult tofind any book on him in an average academic library, and even librarians anduniversity professors were prone to confuse him with Peter Martyr of Anghi-era (1459–1526), who chronicled the discovery of the New World. Now, writ-ing on every aspect of his life and work has become a growth industry in bothEurope and North America. Indeed scholarly works devoted to him in recentdecades would already fill, not yet a bookcase, but at least a modest bookshelf,and more such works are promised and on their way.1

The first traceable manifestation of this renewed interest in Peter Martyrwas a thesis on him presented in 1949 for the degree of Bachelor of Divinity inThe Presbyterian College of McGill University, Montreal, by Mariano DiGangi, a work expanded and published recently as a popular biography. Onthe other side of the Atlantic, Gordon Huelin completed a doctoral thesis,“Peter Martyr and the English Reformation,” for the University of London in1955, in which he drew on the rich resources of Lambeth Library; it remainsunpublished.

The first published book on Martyr for ninety-nine years—and hence amajor landmark in the revival of interest in this once neglected reformer—appeared in the twentieth century. This was The Visible Words of God: An Expo-

1The titles mentioned in this section are listed on page 226.

O

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4 Peter Martyr Vermigli

sition of the Sacramental Theology of Peter Martyr Vermigli A.D. 1500–1562 byJoseph C. McLelland, a revision of his doctoral thesis of 1953 for the Univer-sity of Edinburgh. It was followed ten years later by Peter Martyr in Italy: AnAnatomy of Apostasy by Philip McNair. An Italian edition of this book underthe title Pietro Martire Vermigli in Italia: un’anatomia di un’apostasia, trans-lated by Edoardo Labanchi, was published in 1971.

The 1970s proved to be a particularly fruitful decade in this Peter Martyrrevival. In the same year that saw the publication of Labanchi’s translationthere appeared a third historico-theological study of the reformer, whichfocused on his first sojourn in Strasbourg, Die Theologie Peter Martyr Vermigliswährend seines ersten Aufenthalts in Strasbourg 1542-1547 by Klaus Sturm. In1975, two more books were added to the list: Marvin W. Anderson’s PeterMartyr, a Reformer in Exile (1542–1562), and Salvatore Corda’s Veritas Sacra-menti: A Study in Vermigli’s Doctrine of the Lord’s Supper. The following yearthere appeared Calvinism and Scholasticism in Vermigli’s Doctrine of Man andGrace by John Patrick Donnelly, and in September 1977 an international con-ference on Martyr was held at McGill University, sponsored by the Faculty ofReligious Studies, organized by Joseph C. McLelland, and attended by all theforegoing authors except Salvatore Corda.

Ten of the papers read to this conference were edited by ProfessorMcLelland and published, with an introduction, in 1980 under the title PeterMartyr Vermigli and Italian Reform. In the same year appeared The PoliticalThought of Peter Martyr Vermigli: Selected Texts and Commentary by Robert M.Kingdon, who also attended and contributed a paper to the 1977 conference.

After a lapse of nine years came the publication of The Life, Early Letters& Eucharistic Writings of Peter Martyr, edited by G. E. Duffield and J. C.McLelland, and in 1990 A Bibliography of the Works of Peter Martyr Vermigli,edited by J. P. Donnelly with R. M. Kingdon and M. W. Anderson.

Ten books in thirty-three years, with others in the pipeline. Why thisresurgence of interest in a sixteenth-century reformer who in the previous 394years had rated only three biographical studies (two of them by the samehand)? What special fascination does this man have for scholars of the latetwentieth century? Indeed, who was Peter Martyr Vermigli, and what was thequality of his life?

As his name suggests, Vermigli was Italian, and lived more than two-thirds of his life in Italy. His most memorable and enduring work was donenorth of the Alps during two decades of exile; nevertheless, he left an indeli-ble—if less perceptible—mark on his native land, where he was one of anumber of men and women who figured in the unsuccessful movement for


Biographical Introduction 5

Reformation south of the Alps, which has come to be called “Evangelism.”This term was coined to describe that transient phase in the history of theChurch between Luther’s protest in 1517 and the opening of the Council ofTrent in 1545, when certain Catholics in France and Italy embraced the core ofthe German reformer’s theology in the doctrine of justification by faith butrepudiated his break with Rome.

Pietro Martire Vermigli was born in Florence on 8 September 1499 (oneyear after the martyrdom there of Girolamo Savonarola), and was christenedPiero Mariano in the city’s baptistery the following day. His father, Stefano diAntonio Vermigli, was a prosperous shoemaker, and his mother, MariaFumantina, had sufficient education to teach her firstborn some Latin. Afterfurther schooling under Marcello Virgilio Adriani in the heyday of the Renais-sance, Pietro chose to dedicate his life to God. In 1514 he entered the monas-tery of S. Bartolomeo at Fiesole (known as the Badia Fiesolana, since 1972 theseat of the European University Institute). There he joined the Lateran Con-gregation of Canons Regular of Saint Augustine. Four years later he was pro-fessed, taking the name Peter Martyr from a thirteenth-century Dominicaninquisitor of Verona who was canonized in 1253.

Peter Martyr spent the next eight years—intellectually the most forma-tive of his life—at the University of Padua, which numbered among its stu-dents most of the leaders of Italy’s abortive Reformation. Living in his order’smonastery of S. Giovanni di Verdara, he followed the prescribed septennium ofstudies, attending the lectures of several distinguished professors, notablyBranda Porro (1487–1571) and Marcantonio de’ Passeri, called Genua (1491–1563); in so doing he made many friends among his fellow students, one ofwhom was Reginald Pole (1500–58), kinsman of the king of England, andanother was Marcantonio Flaminio (1498–1550), the humanist poet. It was inPadua that Martyr acquired his thorough training in Thomistic scholasticism,and first studied the writings of such rigorous exponents of Augustinianism asGregory of Rimini (died 1358). Here he mastered the art of public disputation,and taught himself Greek in order to read Aristotle. He was ordained priest in1525 and received his doctorate, and he stayed on in his Paduan monastery foran additional year to teach.

In 1526, he was elected to the office of public preacher in his congrega-tion, and he began to exercise his gift beyond Padua. We know the names ofnine northern Italian cities in which he preached (beginning with Brescia),and we also know that he taught in the monasteries of his order in Ravennaand Bologna—and in Vercelli, where he lectured on Homer; but many of hismovements in the next four years remain unrecorded.


6 Peter Martyr Vermigli

Martyr spent one triennium in S. Giovanni in Monte at Bologna, wherehe was vicar to his prior and learned Hebrew from a Jewish physician calledIsaac. In 1533 he was elected Abbot of S. Giuliano at Spoleto. In this Umbriancity he first manifested disciplinary zeal and administrative genius by quellinglocal riots and resolving long-standing disputes during the next three years.He was beginning to acquire a name for himself as a reformer—not yet of doc-trine, but of morals.

There is no record of his activities between May 1536 and April 1537, butin view of his later identification with the reforming party under GasparoContarini (1483—1542) it has been reasonably conjectured that he may havespent that year in Rome, where the drastic Consilium de emendanda ecclesia wasin course of preparation.

In April 1537, Martyr was elected abbot of the historic monastery ofS. Pietro ad Aram in Spanish-dominated Naples, and it was during his trien-nium there that “the greater light of God’s truth” began to dawn on him. Likemany other men and women at this time—such as Bernardino Ochino (1487–1564), Marcantonio Flaminio, Giulia Gonzaga (1513–66), and Pietro Carnesec-chi (1508–67)—he came under the powerful influence of the exiled Juan deValdés (c. 1498–1541). This charismatic Spanish hidalgo, author of spiritualtracts and commentaries on Scripture, taught him the way of God more per-fectly: but it might be argued that the influence was mutual, for they hadmuch to teach each other. It would seem that Martyr was already far advancedin Augustinianism and patristic studies, yet it was evidently here in the societyof Valdés that he began to read the writings of transalpine reformers andembraced the pivotal doctrine of justification by faith. It is to this point in hislife, therefore, that we can assuredly date his conversion to “Evangelism” and,in all probability, his evangelical regeneration.

In Naples, between Advent 1539 and Lent 1540, he began to expoundpublicly Saint Paul’s First Epistle to the Corinthians with enormous popularacclaim. But when he reached chapter 3, with its alleged proof-text for theexistence of purgatory, he was denounced by the Theatines for heresy and sus-pended by the viceroy, Don Pedro de Toledo (1484–1553). He appealed toRome and was reinstated, but soon afterwards fell victim to a severe bout ofmalaria, which he narrowly survived. (His closest friend and constant com-panion, Benedetto Cusano da Vercelli, did not.)

By now his reputation as an efficient reformer of morals was earninghim a place on a wider stage. In April 1540, he was elected one of the visitorsof his order, and in May 1542 he was appointed—by Pope Paul III actingthrough the chapter general—to an extraordinary commission of seven


Biographical Introduction 7

praepositi charged with addressing the reform of the Lateran Congregation.With this mandate he may well have traveled widely in northern and centralItaly, and he seems to have been largely responsible for bringing to justiceGianfrancesco Gaddi, a former rector general who had tyrannized the order.Such zeal earned Martyr as many enemies as friends among his fellow canons.

Meanwhile, in May 1541 he had been elected prior of the rich and influ-ential monastery of S. Frediano in the pocket republic of Lucca, a position ofquasi-episcopal importance in which he initiated a series of energetic reformsthat were not only educational and ecclesiastical, but also doctrinal and spiri-tual. Indeed, the fifteen months he spent there were arguably the busiest andmost fruitful of his life.

In the sphere of education he set himself to provide the people commit-ted to his care with the best available instruction in the three classical lan-guages. Under his aegis Paolo Lacizi da Verona (c. 1511–44) taught Latin,Massimiliano Celso Martinenghi da Brescia (1515–57) taught Greek, andEmanuele Tremelli (1510–80) taught Hebrew; associated with this trio werethe humanists Francesco Robortello (1516–67) and Celio Secondo Curione(1503–69). It was a brilliant team, worthy of any university of the day. He him-self expounded Scripture—we know from one of his canons, GirolamoZanchi (1516–90), that at this time he lectured on Romans—and built up hisdisciples, both intramural and extramural, in evangelical teaching. By thismeans he brought about a reform in doctrine that amounted to ideologicalrevolution; Lucca came perilously near to civic reformation on the pattern ofCalvin’s Geneva.

But during these active months at S. Frediano, Martyr came to see thathis position as a sacrificing priest in Roman orders was no longer tenable, andin consequence suffered an agonizing crisis of conscience. The crunch came inJuly 1542, the month in which Paul III resuscitated the Roman Inquisition.Called to account for his actions by his enemies within the order, Martyr reck-oned discretion the better part of valor and resolved to renounce his vows andflee the country. It proved to be the most traumatic decision of his career.With three faithful friends, he left Lucca early in August, celebrated the Lord’sSupper Christiano ritu in Pisa, and took temporary refuge near Florence in theBadia Fiesolana, the monastery in which he was professed. From there hewrote to his canons of S. Frediano on 24 August and declared himself “freefrom hypocrisy by the grace of Christ.” Taking leave of his native city the fol-lowing day, he and his companions headed north, crossed the Alps to Switzer-land and the Protestant camp, and in mid-September reached the safe havenof Zurich.


227

227

About the Editors

Mariano Di Gangi resides in Toronto after a career as pastor in Canada andthe United States, as a teacher at the Ontario Theological Seminary, and as anevangelist. His interest in Peter Martyr resulted in his Bachelor of Divinitythesis at The Presbyterian College, Montreal, 1949, on Peter Martyr Vermigli’slife and work, including “The Creed” as appendix. That early work has nowbeen expanded and published as Peter Martyr Vermigli: Renaissance Man,Reformation Master (1993), while the Credo begins the present volume.

Joseph C. McLelland is emeritus professor of McGill University and ofThe Presbyterian College, Montreal, and general editor of the Peter MartyrLibrary. His writings in philosophy and theology include The Visible Words ofGod: The Sacramental Theology of Peter Martyr Vermigli (1957) and The Life,Early Letters and Eucharistic Writings of Peter Martyr (with G. E. Duffield;1989).

Philip M. J. McNair served as professor of Italian and departmental head ofthe University of Birmingham. He retired to Cambridge, where he continuesto lecture in the Faculty of Theology and pursue writing assignments. He haswritten entries for several encyclopedias, and is the author of Peter Martyr inItaly (1967).


228

Acknowledgments

The editors are grateful to Dr. George Harper of The Presbyterian College,Montreal, for his assistance in word processing and verification of references,and to Mrs. Paula Presley, copy editor and indexer, for her diligence andpatience in steering our efforts in proper channels.


229

229

Scripture References

Genesis

Book of ............... 123—241 ............................93—951-2:4a .......................... 9311.................................9420................................942........................... 95—982:2...............................942:23 ............................. 972:24.......................... 211n2:28 ..............................952:29..............................953...........................97—993:5 ............................... 973:9ff............................. 983:14-15..........................994 ........................ 98—1004:26 .........................210n5 .........................99—1005:17............................ 1006 .........................99—1016:2............................. 1007........................ 100—1018........................100—1028:21-22 ........................ 1019 ..............................102n9:4 .............................1029:5 ..............................1029:6 ............................. 1279:21 ............................ 1039:25 ............................ 10303............................. 128n09:21 .......................... 10310 ..........................102—311...........................102—312 ..........................102—313.......................... 104—514 .........................104—615.......................... 104—715:7ff......................... 172n16 ......................... 107—8

Genesis (cont’d.)

17.......................... 107—818.......................... 108—919 ....................... 108—1019:18 ......................... 211n20....................... 109—1021.................................11122 ......................... 111—1223 ......................... 111—1224......................... 112—1325.......................... 112—1526 .........................114—1527 ........................ 114—1628 ......................... 115—1729 ........................ 116—1930 ........................ 118—1930:37ff......................... 11831......................... 118—1932 ........................119—2033.........................119—2034 ........................ 119—2135......................... 120—2136 ........................ 120—2137 ........................ 121—2237:2 ............................12237:35 ...........................12238 ........................ 121—2238:8 ............................12238:11............................12639 ...................85, 123—2440 ..................85, 123—2440:20 ........................ 12442................... 85, 124—2543 ................... 85, 124—2544 .................. 85, 124—2545 ................... 85, 124—2546................... 85, 124—258:20............................101

Exodus

Book of........................ 851 ......................... 126—272 ..........................127—283 ......................... 128—294................................ 1305 .......................... 131—326.......................... 131—326:3 ..............................1327 .......................... 131—328 ...........................131—338:15 .............................1328:18 .............................1329.......................... 132—3310 ........................ 132—3310:20 ........................132n11 ......................... 132—3314 ................. 129, 133—3415 ......................... 133—3416........................ 134—3617......................... 136—3818.........................136—3919........................ 138—4019:10 ...........................13919:12 ...........................13920 ....................... 141—4920:4......................... 184n20:12..................147, 184n20:8 ........................... 14321................................12722:16-17.......................159267ff. ................... 150—5133:20, 23....................... 7734:29-35 ....................... 7841 ................................ 8542 ................................ 8543 ................................ 8544................................ 8545 ................................ 8546................................ 85


Scripture References 230

Leviticus

1 ........................... 152—532............................153—552:4 ............................153n3............................153—554 .......................... 153—565 ........................... 155—576 ..........................156—5711................................ 15418:16 ......................... 123n

Numbers

16:2ff. ....................... 211n21:14-15 .....................179n

Deuteronomy

5:12-15 ....................... 143n6:4 ........................... 143n17:10........................204n

Judges

11..........................158—5912 ............................... 15816:28ff ......................148n

1 Samuel 8.................. 63

1 Kings

12ff ...........................210n13............................. 224n18:17-18 ..................... 211n19:18 .........................219n22:24ff. ..................... 181n

2 Kings

Book of ...................... 16324............................. 213n

Psalms

22:6............................. 4522:16............................ 4126:5 ......................... 209n69:21 ........................... 41110:3 ............................ 36117 ............................... 27144:15 .......................... 29146:3 ............................33

Isaiah

9:6............................... 3628.16 ........................ 199n29:13 ........................ 190n40:5 ............................. 3252:11.........................209n53:3 .............................. 3953:5 ..............................42

Jeremiah

7:4............................212n17:5 ...............................3350:8 .........................209n50:8ff. ....................... 211n

Ezekiel 10:18...........213n

Daniel

4:24 .........................145n131 ............................ 181n

Joel 2:28 ..................... 32

Malachi 2:8-9........ 214n

Maccabees................ 183

Matthew

4:19 ......................... 203n5:16.............................. 545:21ff. ........................147n5:29 .........................209n5:43 ..........................127n5:48 ............................. 306:25ff. ....................... 135n7:11 ............................... 517:15 ..........................206n7:15, 16 ..........................5210:14........................209n10:23.............................2110:28............................. 5110:32...........................85n10:34 .......................206n10:39............................ 7611:30 ............................ 3614:28-30 .................... 187n15:14 ........................206n

Matthew (cont’d.)

16:6 ......................... 210n16:18 ..... 197n—198n, 201n16:23 .........................187n18:15-18 ......................... 7118:17................. 185n, 216n18:18............................. 7218:19, 20....................... 7218:20........................ 216n18:21, 22 ....................... 7119:6 ......................... 214n19:29............................3020 ................................3421.................................3423:2......................... 204n24:3 ......................... 214n24:24 ........................ 181n24:35 ........................ 186n25:35..............................5326:27........................ 184n27:42 .......................... 4428:18 .............................5128:19 .............................55

Mark

8:26 ........................ 204n9:2 ............................... 789:2-8 ............................ 789:6............................187n9:23 ..............................3112:9.......................... 214n12:29ff. ..................... 143n

Luke

8:14ff. ........................ 2198:21 ...........................213n9:21......................... 204n9:23 ......................... 203n10:23, 24 ...................... 7812:11-12 ......................... 5712:32 ........................ 219n14:21 ........................ 219n16:19-31 ........................43228............................... 5222:24-27 .................. 204n22:32 ............... 186n, 202n


231 Scripture References

Luke (cont’d.)

23:5 ........................... 211n23:39ff. ...................... 215n

John

1................................... 321:42.......................... 198n3:5................................ 563:18 .............................. 523:27-29 .....................202n4:20.......................... 215n4:23 ..............................556:8 ........................... 203n6:39 ............................. 736:49.......................... 135n6:51 ........................... 135n6:68-69 .................... 203n8:3ff ......................... 148n8:37ff........................ 196n8:47 ..........................213n8:56..............................7810:5 ..........................206n10:27........................206n12................................. 5612:42-43 ...................206n13 ................................. 5613:1ff. ...........................4514:16 .............................5514:26............................ 5715:26 ............................ 5716:12 ............................ 5716:14 .............................5517:3 ..............................7717:20........................202n17:21.........................224n18:11 ..........................187n18:36 ........................220n20:21........................202n20:21-23.................... 197n20:27 ...........................4121ff...........................202n21:17......................... 219n

Acts

5ff. ........................... 194n5:29.......................... 214n

Acts (cont’d.)

7:51............................195n12:1ff. .......................220n15:5 ........................... 196n15:6ff. .......................190n15:23 ........................... 18917:11 ......................... 179n20:29 ....................... 196n24 .............................211n28:24-25.....................173n

Romans

2:16 ..............................503:28 .......................... 184n4..................................374:18-21......................... 304:25............................. 495:6, 7 ............................455:9................................ 355:12-21 .......................... 316:4.........................43, 496:5............................... 746:8 .............................. 746:15 ..............................366:69 ............................ 468:9 ............................... 578:13 .............................. 588:14.............................. 578:16 ......................... 35, 588:17 ...................... 29—308:18 ............................. 768:28.............................. 318:29.............................. 358:32 ............................. 429:3 ...........................207n9:5................................ 339:1-5 .........................220n10:17 ........................ 174n11:11-24......................213n12:5............................. 17615:4 .......................... 179n16:17.........................207n16:18.........................208n

1 Corinthians

1............................... 223n

1 Cor. (cont’d.)10............................... 17212 ............................... 17214................................ 7026.................... 192n, 219n2:5-11 ........................... 723:12........................... 218n5 .................................. 665:6............................210n5:1-5 ........................ 68, 725:11 .......................... 208n6:10.......................... 178n7:15...........................184n10:2 ..........................199n10:14 ....................... 209n10:22 ....................... 209n11:18-19 ....................... 17211:20............................ 6612:3..............................6012:11 .............................5612:12-27.........................5912:13 ............................6013:12 ............................ 7714:40 .......................... 6815:12 ......................... 223n15:21-23 .........................7315:24-28 ....................... 7815:33..........................210n15:35-36 ..................... 223n15:35-49.........................7515:37 ............................ 7615:42-44 ...................... 4715:44 ...........................4615:52 ............................ 54

2 Corinthians

1:24 .......................... 174n3:7............................... 785:1-8............................. 545:21.............................. 346:14-17....................... 20810:3-5........................... 6212 ............................ 202n12:01-6......................... 78


232 Scripture References

Galatians

1:8............................207n2:8 ............................193n2:11ff. .................186n, 1872:14.......................... 194n2:20 ............................. 583:13 ..............................394:4 .............................. 374:6............................... 355:1 .............................. 1765:6 ............................... 535:24............................. 426:17............................. 42

Ephesians

1:7................................ 351:14 .............................. 581:19 ........................48, 991:19-23..........................631: 19ff. ..........................741:20........................46, 482:13 .............................. 354:3ff. ........................ 223n4:4 .................... 60, 194n4:11 ................. 192n, 194n5:11...........................209n5:25 ...........................187n5:26................................75:30.......................... 223n

Philippians

21................................. 582:8 .............................. 463:10-11 ......................... 49

Philippians (cont’d.)

3:12-14......................... 49

Colossians

1:15............................... 352:16.......................... 184n2:16ff........................ 176n3:1............................... 493:34............................. 48

1 Thessalonians

4:13-18 ..........................734:17..............................545:3 ................................ 51

1 Timothy

3:15............................185n4:4-5 ............................ 316:5........................... 209n

2 Timothy

2:8 .............................. 493:13........................... 179n3:16, 17 ..................... 179nTitus2:12 .............................. 5201................................. 52

Philemon 2:7 ........38, 45

Hebrews

10:1ff. ........................152n13:4 .......................... 184n13:8 ..............................364-7:3...........................36n

James 2:19.................... 53

1 Peter

2:4 ........................... 199n2:5............................ 201n2:22............................. 343:19 .............................445:3 ............................ 174n5:1-4 .........................202n5:12........................... 174n

2 Peter

4................................. 3016-18.............................78

1 John 2:19 ..............216n

Jude

14ff........................... 214n4-15ff. ....................... 179n

Revelation

10...............................14612:1-6........................222n18:4 ......................... 209n24 ................................75212ff. ........................201n

Extra-Canonical

Bk. of Righteous .... 179

Wars of the Lord ... 179

Enoch 1:9 ............... 179n

Acts of Peter .......... 182

1 Clement 5............. 192n

Shepherd................. 182

Nicodemus .............. 182


233

233

NOTES: “Credo” in subheadings = Apostles’ Creed.“Martyr” in subheadings = Peter Martyr

VermigliPropositions. from “Theses for Debate” are

italicized, enclosed in parentheses, andfollowed by page no.; e.g. (28.N.6), 125.

Ab Ulmis, John, 88Abelard, Peter (1079-1142), 86Abraham (OT Patriarch), 104—5, 108Adiaphora, 175—76Adoption, 35Adriani, Marcello Virgilio, 5Affection(s) (28.N.6-7), 125Agricola, Rudolph (1443-85), 88Almsgiving (45.N.7), 149Amalek (OT figure), 137Ambrose (bishop), 151Amerbach, Boniface (1495-1562), 8, 19, 86Anabaptists, 165, 224Analectus, 183Anderson, Marvin W., 4Angel(s), 84; (15.N.1,2; 15.P.1), 108; (24.-

N.4-5, 7-9), 119—20; (31.P.2), 129Anger, (24.N.2), 119; (30.N.3), 127Antediluvian age, (3.P.6), 95; (7.P.1ff), 100Antichrist, 181Apostles’ Creed

art. 1 (God), 28—32art. 2 (Christology), 32—36art. 3 (Virgin birth), 36—38art. 4 (Crucifixion), 38—43art. 5 (burial; descent), 43—44art. 6 (Resurrection), 44—50art. 7 (second Advent), 50—54art. 8 (Holy Spirit), 54—59art. 9 (ecclesiology), 59—69art. 10 (forgiveness of sins), 69—75art. 11 (bodily resurrection), 72—75art. 12 (eternal life), 75—76as catechism, 23

Apostles’ Creed (cont’d.)introduction, 27—28proscribed by Sorbonne, 23translation of, 25—79

Apostolic authority, 62—63Aquinas, Thomas (1225?-1274), 86Arianism, 217Aristotelian logic, 85, 88Aristotle

Meta, 173Nicomachean Ethics, 11, 67Physics, 11Politics, 164

Ashworth, E. J., 89Assurance, 52—53, 57, 58, 64Athanasius, 197Augustine (d. 604/5), 84, 85, 168, 187,

190, 194, 203against Fundamentus, 182On Christian Doctrine, 185on schism and heresy, 171—72

Augustinian debate, 86Augustinian Order, 5

Backus, Irena, 87Baptism, (38.N.11f.), 139

administrator, 217, 217nas burial, 43and the Church, 60and circumcision (14.N.2), 107in name of Trinity, 55rebaptism of heretics, 180and remission of sins, 71; (9.N.11), 102

Barabbas, 39Basel, 8Basil (the Macedonian), 188Beauty (27.N.1-2), 123Belief. See FaithBelladonna, Rita, 169Bernardino of Siena, 64Beza, Theodore (1519-1605), 12, 165

Index


234 Index

Bible. See Scripture(s)Birthdays (27.N.6), 124Black, Max, 89Body

clothing (5.P.7), 98as metaphor, 59, 62, 216-17resurrected, 47, 74—75spiritual, 44, 46, 47

Boniface III, 195, 215Bucer, Martin (1491-1551), 8, 17, 19, 20,

24, 87, 89, 165Bullinger, Johann Heinrich (1504-75), 8,

13, 32, 166Burial, 44; (18.N.9ff.; 18.P.1ff.), 112

Cain and Abel (7.N.1-4), 99Cajetan (Thomas de Vio Gaetani; 1469-

1534), 190Calvary, typified by Mosaic sacrifices, 84Calvin, John

apologia, 163—65befriended by Bucer, 20counsel on Nicodemism, 22logic of, 88praises Defensio, 12

Capito, Wolfgang (1478-1541), 8, 19, 83, 84, 87

Celibacy, 176condemned, 86, 106, 184

Ceremonies. See also Sacrifices(46), 150—51

Charlemagne (c.742-814), 195Charles, son of Pepin, 195Chedsey, William (c.1511-74), 10Cheke, John (1514-57), 11Cherian, Grace, 26Chiliasm, 165Christians

comfort for, 42free will (39.N.1-12), 139—40obedience, 36stewardship, 86

Christoformia doctrine, 24Christology. See also Jesus Christ

Ascension, 45Atonement, 41—42

Christology (cont’d.)and the Church, 59-60, 63, 64in Credo, 24, 32—54Crucifixion, 39—41descent into hell, 43—44immortality, 46miracles, 76Resurrection, 44—50typology: Melchizedek, 84, 105;

Noah (10.P54), 103; in OT, 51, 84, 152—157; by rainbow (10.P.4), 103; by tree of life (4.P.3), 96

Chrysostom, 199Church councils, 175, 189—90

Chalcedon, 180, 189, 191Constantinople, 181emperors at, 188—89of Ephesus, 180episcopalian, 188Nicene, 180, 185, 193, 196of Trent, 189and Word of God, 183, 187

Church(es). See also Ecclesiology; Her-esy; Sectarians

adiaphora, 175—76at Alexandria, 191, 194at Antioch, 190, 194Arian, 217authority of, 72body metaphor, 59, 63, 216—17catholicity, 61, 176—77charity (8.N.6), 100Christ its head, 63at Constantinople, 191at Corinth, 223definition, 59—60discipline, 185, 204diversity, 59Eastern, 61—62at Ephesus, 196error, 186as flock of God, 202—203foundation of, 199—202Great Commission, 202invisible, 60—61, 216—17at Jersualem, 177—78, 190, 194, 196

Vol1.Book 4 Thursday, April 1, 2010 10:58 AM

235 Index

Church(es) (cont’d.)local, 174marks of (three), 187—88metaphors for, 59, 63, 216—18persecution, 215, 224pillar and ground of truth, 185—86and prayer (37.N.16), 137pre-Christian (24.N.1), 119Roman, 61, 168, 189—90; and excom-

munication, 68; persecution of Evangelicals, 174

rules of order, 68—69, 197schism, 206—12, 207—9traditions, 190true, marks of, 175unity, 223—4universal, 59—69, 61universal and local, 176visible, 216—17worship (46), 150—51

Ciceronian debate, 86Circumcision, and sacraments, 85

(14.N.2ff.), 107, 108Clergy, 174, (28.N.11-16), 125;(32.N.2-13),

130; (43.N.9), 146;(49.N.1), 155; (46.P.4), 151

apostles, 192—93bishops, 188, 192

College of Saint Thomas, Strasbourg, 8Colloquy of Poissy, 12Commandments, general and temporary

(34.N.3), 132Commerce (45.N.3), 149Communion

in Credo, 59—69in two kinds, 63

Confession, (49.N.2-3), 155and Holy Spirit, 60

Consecration (38.P.3), 139Constantine (274 or 288-337), 185, 188Contarini, Gasparo (1483-1542), 6Cooke, Anthony (1504-76), 11Corda, Salvatore, 4Counter-Reformation, 165Covenant, (30.N.11), 128; (33.N.5), 131;

(14.N.1ff.), 107—8

Covenant (cont’d.)Noahic (10.P.1), 103

Covetousness, (45.N.11-12), 149; (41.P.2-4), 143

Cox, Richard (1500-81), 10Cranmer, Thomas (1489-1556), 9, 10Creation, (1.P.1-6; 2.1-8; 3.N.1-11), 92—94

disputation on (2.1-8), 93doctrine of, 31—32ex nihilo, 85; (2.1), 93and perfection of God, 31—32

Credo. See Apostles’ CreedCrucifixion. See also under Christology.

38-43Curione, Celio Secondo (1503-69), 7Cusano da Vercelli, Benedetto (d. 1540),

6Cyprian (d. 258), 180, 194, 198Cyril of Alexandria, 199, 203

Dammartin, Catherinedeath, burial, exhumation, 10marries Martyr, 9

Dancing (35.N.9-11), 134Death, 21; (25.N.6ff.), 121; (11.P.2), 104

Christ victorious over, 45and the Fall (4.N.6), 95and resurrection, 73and sin, 72—73

Decalogue, 141—49, 142. See also Law, divine

Adultery (44.N.9,15-16), 148False witnesses (45.N.8), 149Lying, (15.N.7), 109; (45.N.8-10), 149;

(29.P.3), 127Murder: (10.N.2), 102; (29.N.9-10),

126127; (44.N.1ff.), 147—148; (30.P.2), 128

Oaths, (17.N.1-7; 17.P.1-3), 111; (40.N.13ff.), 141—142

Sabbath: (43), 146; (3.N.10-11), 94; (41.N.8), 143

Theft: (23.N.7), 118; (28.N.4-5), 125; (31.N.10), 129; (45.N.1), 148; (50.N.2), 156

Demons (7.P.4), 00


236 Index

De’Passeri, Marcantonio (Genua; 1491-1563), 5

Devil, (5.N.6; 5.P.3-5), 97; (39.N.12), 140; (40.N.11), 141;

Di Gangi, Mariano, 3, 26-79, 163-69Discipline, (49.N.5-7), 155; 185

and excommunication, 66—67as mark of true church, 187—88Martyr’s view, 164—66and remission of sins, 71—72scriptural basis, 178

Disputation, and education, 86—88Diversity, and community, 59Divorce (44.N.13), 148Doctrine, as mark of true church, 187—

88Donnelly, John Patrick, 4, 21, 169Douglass, Jane Dempsey, 26Dreams;(16.N.6-7), 110;(27.N.3-4), 123Drunkenness, (16.P.1-2), 110

of Lot (16.N.1-5), 110of Noah (10.N.4; 10.P.5), 103

Duffield, G. E., 4

Eastern Church. See under Church(es)Ecclesiology

of Calvin, 163—66conciliarism, 175in Credo, 24—25, 59—69infallibility of churches, 181lighting of churches, (50.P.1), 157of Martyr, 163—66“Schism and the True Church,” 167—

224typology: Ark, 84, 101; Eve (4.N.10;

4.P.7), 96; marriage (5.N.4), 97and Word of God, 181

Educationthrough debate, 86—88of Vermigli, 5, 7

Election, 53, 57England, Martyr’s sojourn in, 9—11English Reformation, 10Enmity, and schism, 172Episcopacy, 188Erasmus, Desiderius (1466?-1536), 86, 89

Esau (OT figure), 116f.Eternal damnation (51), 158Eternal life

in Credo, 30,75—79and resurrection, 73in Scriptures, 77—78

Eucharist. See also Lord’s Supper; Massin both parts, 184Defensio vs. Gardiner, 12and manna (3.N.10f.), 135Martyr’s doctrine of, 13Oxford Disputation, 9—10unleavened bread, 176

Eusebius Pamphili, 188Evangelism

in France, 5as historical term, 5Italian, 18—19Martyr’s conversion to, 6persecution of, 174and schism, 161—224

Evargrius, 198Excommunication, (16.N.4), 110

and discipline, 67—68of Evangelicals, 174and gathered church, 72

ExegesisAugustinian, 85literal, 84peshat, 84and Reformed typology, 84

The Exodus (36.P.1-3), 134

Faith, (13.N.6), 106; (34.N.9), 133; (38.P.2), 139; (49.N.14; 50.N.1), 156;

and curiosity (38.N.13), 139and divine calling (11.N.1-4), 104in God, 29, 30—31; (34.N.8-9), 133and Holy Spirit, 56of Peter, 202—3and remission sins, 69—70and sacrifices (32.N.15), 130true, 173—174typified by pregnancy (23.P.3), 119and works, 52—54, 184


237 Index

The Fall, 31; (4.N.6), 95;(6.N.1-11; 6.P.1-5), 98—99

and advents of Christ, 85devil and woman (5.N.6), 97

Family, 184; (5.N.1), 97; (23.N.1-3), 118; (43.N.9-10), 146; (19.P.1-2), 113; (43.P.1-3), 147

blessings of fathers, 115Fasting, 176Fear, 21

of death (11.P.2), 104and righteousness (24.N.6), 119

Figurative speech (9.P.3), 102Flaminio, Marcantonio (1498-1550), 5Flavian (d. 449), 180Flight in persecution, 21, 86; (23.N.11-12),

118—119; (31.N.1), 128; 168Forgiveness

in Credo, 24, 69—72and preaching, 70of sins, 56; (9.N.11), 56of sins (28.N.1-3), 125

Forty-Two Articles (Formatio Legum Ecclesiasticarum; 1553), 11

Foxe, John (1516-87), 9Francis of Assisi, 42Fraud (45.N.5), 149Free will, (39.N.2ff.) 139—140

of Christ’s elect, 57, 57n85French Evangelism, 5Fricius of Poland (Frycz Modrzewski),

189Friendship, 67Froschauer, C. (printer), 84Fumantina Vermigli, Maria (mother of

Martyr), 5Funerals, 86; (18.N.6), 112

Gaddi, Gianfrancesco, 7Garden of Eden, (4.N.4), 95; (6.N.1-11),

98; (4.P.2), 96Gardiner, Stephen (c. 1490-1555), 11, 12,

166Gellius, Aulus (ca. 130-180), 209Genealogies, (7.N.5-8; 7.P.1ff.), 99—100;

(25.N.14-15), 121

Generosus, 195Geneva, acquires Martyr’s library, 13Genua (Marcantonio de’Passeri; 1491-

1563), 5Geometrical/arithmetical proportional-

ity (45.N.7), 149nGesner, Konrad (1516-65), 13Glorification, at last judgment, 54God

creator, sustainer, 31—32divine accommodation, 128doctrine of, 23—24, 28—32faithfulness (26.N.8), 122fatherhood, 29—30grace of, 31, 36, 53, 61and history (34.N.13), 133holiness (38.N.9f.), 138—139justice, 40, 41mercy, 69—70; (8.N.4), 100names of (33.P.1), 132as object of human knowledge, 85;

(40.N.1-2), 141omnipotence, 30—31ontological interpretation (31.P.1ff.),

129promises, 30—31; (30.N.3ff.), 127;

(30.P.1), 128; (33.P.1), 132; (38.N.7), 138;

providence (22.N.1), 116vengeance (15.N.1-5), 108—109

Godhead. See TrinityThe Good, 29Government

civil, 163—165; democracy: (37.N.12), 137; (38.P.1), 139exemplar for churches, 196—197oligarchy: (37.N.12), 137; (38.N.1), 187

Grace, of God, 31, 36, 53, 61Gregory of Rimini (d. 1358), 5Gregory the Great (pope), 193, 213—14Grindal, Edmund (1519?-1583), 166Gubbio, 198Gwalther, Rudolph (Rodolph Gualter;

1518-86), 8

Haddon, Walter (1516-72), 11


238 Index

Harding, Thomas (1516-52), 167Hatred. See EnmityHauvenreuter, Johann, 87Heaven, 78—79

the Ascension, 48Hell

Christ’s descent, 43—44;(9.N.13), 102Heresy. See also Schism. (40.N.10), 141

Arianism, 217, 219Donatists, 176, 195and schism, 167—68, 171—72

Heretics, rebaptized, 180Hermeneutics, 84Hilary, 199Holiness (38.N.9f.), 138—139Holy Spirit, 57

and the Church, 59—61, 64and confession, 60at Creation (1.P.2), 92in Credo, 54—59definition, 54doctrine of, 24and forgiveness of sins, 56, 70and incarnation, 37indwells believer, 58and miracles, 57and new birth, 57personality of, 55and preaching, 57and resurrection, 48and salvation, 53, 106and sin (10.N.8), 114teacher, 179—180work of, 55, 56

Hooker, Richard (c. 1554-1600), 11Hosius, Stanislaus (1504-1579), 168—69

on marks of true church, 187—88Hubert, Conrad, 20—21Huelin, Gordon, 3Human body. See BodyHuman nature

bondage of (10.P.6), 103of Christ, 33corrupt (9.N.3), 101as “flesh,” 32—33and spirituality, 56—57

Humanity. See also Imago Deicreation of: (2.5-8), 93; (4.P.1), 96dichotomous, 43mortal (4.N.7), 96souls of (4.N.1-2), 95work of (4.N.9), 96

Idolatry, 37—38, 66; (34.N.1-2), 132; (37.N.9), 137; (40.N-Pff.), 141—42

Images, 181, 184, 216Imago Dei, (2.6), 93; (3.N.7-8), 94; (3.P.1,

3-4), 94—95and original sin (9.N.8), 102

Immortality, of Christ, 46Inheritance, of Christians, 30Innocent III (pope), 215Inquisition. See Roman InquisitionIrene (empress), 181Isaac (OT Patriarch), 115ff.Italian Evangelism, 5

Jacob (OT Patriarch), 115ff., 118, 120James, of Jerusalem, 192—93Jehovah (33.P.1-2), 33.P.2Jerome (pope), 198, 219Jesus Christ. See also Christology

death and burial, 39, 43grace of, 31humiliation and exhaltation, 46Imago Dei, 85Judge, 50—54King, 34, 47Lamb of God, 34Lordship, 32, 34, 35—36, 46, 47—48nativity, 36—38prayers, 47Redeemer, 35—36remission of sins, 69righteousness, 39Savior, 33—34sinlessness, 34—35, 37, 42sovereignty, 36suffering, 38—42, 45transfiguration, 76trial, 39two natures, 32—33, 37


239 Index

Jesus Christ (cont’d.)victory over death, 45as Word of God, 35

Jewel, John (1522-71), 11, 84, 164, 166—67

Jews (14.P.1-2), 108John the Baptist, 55John XXII (pope), 186nJoseph (OT figure), 122—24Judah (OT Patriarch), 123Judgment

in Credo, 50—54of living and dead, 54typology: Flood (8.P.2), 101, 211;

Sodom (15.N.9-10), 109and works, 52

Justification, (13.N.1-5; 13.P.1-3), 106—7in Christ, 49by faith, 23, 86and works, 52; (42), 144—145

Kerr, Hugh T., 26Keys, power of, 72—73Kingdom, heavenly, 78—79, 220Kingdon, Robert M., 4, 164Knowledge, natural and revealed (1.N.6),

92Knox, Cathy, 26

Labanchi, Edoardo, 4Labor (28.N.10ff.), 125Lacizi da Verona, Paolo (c. 1511-44), 7Lacizi, Paolo (d. 1544), 8Lactantius, 222Lancellot, J. (printer), 84Language

Hebrew, 6hyperbole (34.N.10), 133inclusive, 26

Lavater, Ludwig, 20, 84Law

divine: (4.N.5), 95; (40.N-45.P), 141—49; (39.P.1-5), 140—41; and cardi-nal virtues, 143n158;

Mosaic (8.N.8), 95natural (29.N.8), 126

Law and Gospel, (1.N.4,5), 92in Martyr’s hermeneutics, 85

Lent, 64, 176Leo (pope), 181, 193Life everlasting. See Eternal lifeLimbo (26.N.7), 122Logic

Aristotelian, 85, 88Augustinian, 182efficient and final causes, 182of “Theses for Debate,” 88

Lord’s Supper, 63, 65; (36.N.15), 135. See also Communion; Eucharist; Mass

doctrine of, 25elements of, 66Martyr’s doctrine of, 13and sacrifice, 86; (9.N.1), 101typology of manna, 84

Lord’s Supper (48.N.6), 154Lordship of Christ. See under Jesus

ChristLucca, 7, 18Luther, Martin (1483-1546), 87, 218McLelland, Joseph C., 4, 15—26, 163—

169McNair, Philip M.J., 4, 18, 86McNeil, John T., 165Magic (33.P.3), 132Magistrates, (23.N.10), 118; (27.N.10ff.),

124; (28.N.10), 125; (38.N.2ff.), 138and war (37.N.2), 136; (43.N.3), 146;

Mannaas sacrament (36.N.4ff.; 36.P.1ff.), 135—

36typified Eucharist, 84

Marbach, Johann (1521-81), 11, 87Marcellus I (d. 309), 192Marcian (306-487), 188Marriage. See also Celibacy; Polygamy.

95; (4.N.8), 96; (5.P.1–2-4), 97; (14.P.4), 108; (P.23.P.1-2), 119; (24.N.11), 120; (38.N.14), 139; (44.N.9-14), 148.

consanguinity (22.N.15), 117invalid (22.N.16), 117

Marten, Anthony, 25, 90


240 Index

Martinenghi da Brescia, Massimiliano Celso (1515-57), 7

Martyr, Peter. See under VermigliMartyrdom (44.N.6-8), 147—148Mary, the virgin, 36—37Mason, John (1503-66), 11Mass. See also Eucharist; Lord’s Supper

condemned in Credo, 65elevation of host (50.P.2), 157and Reformed exegesis, 84and schismatics, 178

Masson, Robert, 25Maximus (c.380-c.470), 187, 220Meander, 210Melchizedek, typified Christ, 84, 105Men, to instruct women (4.P.6), 96Merenda, Caterina, marriage to Martyr;

death, 12Military arts. See also War

(37.N.4-5), 136—137Ministers. See ClergyMiracles. (23.N.5), 118; (32.N.1), 130;

(33.N.6-8), 131; (36.N.6), 135and Holy Spirit, 57

Modrzewski, Frycz, 189Monasteries, 5

S. Bartolomeo, Fiesole (Badia Fiesolana), 5, 7, 18, 19

S. Frediano, Lucca, 7, 18S. Giovanni di Verdara, Padua, 5, 20S. Giovanni in Monte, Bologna, 6S. Pietro ad Aram, Naples, 6, 18

Monastic vows, 86;(22.N.9), 117Morgan the Sophister (Morgan Phil-

lips), 10Morison, Richard (d. 1556), 11Mosaic sacrifices, typifies Calvary, 84Moses (OT Patriarch), 127ff.Music (35.N.1-8), 133—134Myconius, Oswald (1488-1552), 8

Names, governed by God (3.N.1), 93—94

Natural theology; (22.N.8), 117; (33.N.1), 131

Nature, and Creation, 31; (3.N.6), 94

Nazianzen, 181, 219Nepotian, 198New birth, and Holy Spirit, 56Nicodemism, 22, 168

Martyr’s break with, 19Noah

covenant with God (10.P.1), 103drunkenness (10.N.4), 102the Flood, and ark (8.N.1ff), 100—101

Ochino, Bernardino, of Siena, 9Offerings. See SacrificesOracles (19.P.3), 113Oratio de vita & obitu Petri Martyris Ver-

milii (Simler), 13Origen, 197Oxford Disputation (1549), 87, 88Oxford University, 9

Padua, 5, 7Paganism, and Eastern Church, 61Panormitanus (1386-1445), 188Papacy, 63—64, 65, (28.N.8), 125; 167—68

arguments against, 190—99established by Boniface III, 195greed, 184infallibility, 186—87Peter’s Chair, 190quadrumvirate, 193and Reformed exegesis, 84and schism, 172and Scriptures, 184superstitions of, 65—66

Paphnutius, 210Paradise (4.N.3-4), 95Paul III (pope), 6, 7Pedro de Toledo, Don (1484-1553), 6Pellikan, Konrad (1478-1556), 8, 11Penance, 24Penitence. See also Repentance

and absolution, 72and excommunication, 71

Perfection, (3.N.9), 94of Christ, 34—35of the Creation, 31—32in Credo, 30


241 Index

Perna, Pietro, 89Persecution, 21—22Perseverance of saints, 59Peter Martyr of Anghiera (1459-1526), 3Peter Martyr Vermigli. SeeVermigli,

Peter MartyrPeter, the Apostle, not bishop of Rome,

191ff.Petilian (Donatist), 147Phillips, Morgan (Morgan the Sophis-

ter; c.1517-70), 10Philosophy, and Creation doctrine, 31, 85Photius (emperor), 195Pilgrimages, condemned, 42Pole, Reginald (1500-58), 5, 18, 168, 193Polygamy, 86; (23.P.1), 119

of Jacob (23.N.1), 118Pomponius (lawyer), 216Ponet, John (1514-56), 11Popes

Boniface III, 215Gregory, 193Innocent III, 215Jerome, 198, 219John XXII, 186n41Leo I, 193Paul III, 6, 7

Porro, Branda (1487-1571), 5, 86Prayer(s), (8.N.3), 100; (9.N.14), 102;

(30.N.10), 127; (33.N.2), 131; (37.N.5ff.), 137; (37.P.3), 138

of Christ, 47in Christ’s name, 35for the dead, 65effectual (21.N.12), 116Lord’s Prayer (36.N.3), 134and prophecy (21.P.1-3), 116

Preaching, (8.N.1), 100and forgiveness of sins, 70and Holy Spirit, 57neglect of, 64

Predestination (19.N.7-11), 113Printers

C. Froschauer, Zurich, 84Claudiana, Florence, 168L. Lancellot, Heidelberg, 84

Problemata, 159Promises of God, 30—31Prophecy (16.N.8-9; 16.P.3-4), 110Propositions, of “Thesis for Debate,” 85Prostitution (26.N.12), 123Pulcheria Augusta, 189Punishment (51), 158Purgatory, 6, 183

Quails, in Exodus (36.P.2-3), 136

Rebekah (OT figure), 116fRebellion against tyranny (25.N.1-4),

120—121Reconciliation, 38, 41Redemption, in Christ, 35, 37Reformation

necessity of, 161—224, as restoration, 212—24

Reformed theologyand Martyr’s logic, 89and “Thesis for Debate,” 86

Regenerationof Christians, 48and discipline, 71—72and Word and sacrament, 71

Remission of sins. See under Forgiveness Repentance. See also Penitence. 53,

(21.N.3), 115; (27.N.16-17), 124; (30.N.9), 127; (33.N.9), 131; (30.P.4), 128

and absolution, 72Antediluvian (7.P.5), 100and faith (9.N.3), 101of God (8.N.10-11), 101

Resurrection. See also under Christologyof Christ, in Credo, 44—50and Christian love, 77of the dead (31.N.6), 128doctrine of, in Credo, 25, 72—75of the flesh, in Credo, 72—75and Holy Spirit, 48human, 46—48; (25.N.9-10), 121and knowledge of God, 77and salvation, 45


242 Index

Reverence, to God and humans (37.N.8-9), 137

Rhetoric, and “Thesis for Debate,” 88Righteousness, 38

and faith, 53and Holy Spirit, 57and judgment, 52

and works (42), 144—45Robortello, Francesco (1516-67), 7Roman Inquisition, 7Ronco, Lodovico (married Caterina Ver-

migli), 12

Sacramental theology, 13, 25Sacraments. See also Baptism; Eucharist;

Lord’s Supper; Mass. (14.N.4ff.), 107—8; (32.N.14), 130; (34.N.13), 133

adoration of, 66and circumcision, 85contamination, 65and idolatrty, 66and manna (3.N.10f.), 135as marks of true church, 187—88and Reformation, 221and remission of sins, 71significance of, 70

Sacrifice(s), (8.N.13-14), 101; (47-50), 152—57

and Lord’s Supper, 86Sadoleto, Jacopo (1477-1547), 165Sanctification, 42

of fallen Creation, 31and the Law (42.N.11), 145

Santerenziano, Giulio, 14Schism

definition, 171, 172for just causes, 173—74necessary, 206—12and the true church, 167—224

Schlosser, F. C., 19, 24Schmidt, Charles, 20, 84Scholasticism, 5Scripture(s). See also Scripture Refer-

ences index on pp. 229-32. (1.N.1-7), 91—92

Scripture(s) (cont’d.)and assurance, 64authority, 179, 183canonical, 182—83extra-canonical, 179glosses, 184inerrant, 180, 183literal interpretation, 84oral tradition, 179reliable, 30, 33

Sectarians; sects. See also Church(es)Anabaptists, 165, 224Arians, 217, 219

Self-defense (10.N.3), 103Sermons. See PreachingShaddai (33.P.1-2), 132Simler, Josiah (1530-76), 18, 19, 20, 83,

84, 86, 87funeral oration, 13

Sin, (48-49), 154—155and assurance, 53consciousness of, 41expiated in Christ, 40and justice of God, 41and the Law (45.N.12-13), 149lust vs. drunkenness (16.P.2), 110not excused by ignorance (16.N.1-2),

109not found in Christ, 34—35original, 34; (9.N.1,4-10), 101; (9.P.1),

102remission, 56, 69—72

Singing. See MusicSlavery, 86; (10.N.6-9), 103Smith, Richard (1500-63), 9—10, 164Social-ethical issues, 86Socrates (auth. Eccl. Hist.), 193Sorrow, (21.N.3), 115; (18.N.7ff.), 112;

(25.N.6ff.), 121Soteriology, 86; (49.N.14-15), 156

assurance, 52—53, 57, 58election, 53and Law (42-43), 144—46and Resurrection, 45, 48salvation in Christ only, 33—34, 45and works, 52, 100


243 Index

Soul,creation of, (4.N.1-2) 95traducianism denied (5.P.2), 97

Sovereignty, of Christ, 36Sozzini, Lelio (1525-62), 13Spartans, 174Spirit, as divine nature, 55Spirituality, 47, 56Stewardship, 86Strasbourg, Martyr’s sojourn in, 8—9, 11,

19—21, 83—84, 87, 164Sturm, John (1489-1533), 19, 89, 165Sturm, Klaus, 4, 23Suffering. See under Jesus ChristSuicide, (10.N.1), 102; (44.N.6), 147Superstitions, (23.N.8), 118; (31.N.7), 128;

(48.N.4), 154; (50.N.4), 156and adiaphora, 175—76of Roman Church, 190

Synods. See Church councils

Tamar (OT figure), 123Taxes (45.N.4), 149Temptation(s), (5.N.5), 97; (5.P.5-7), 97—

98; (18.N.6; 19.N.1ff.), 111—12; (24.P.4), 120

Tertullian, 141, 194Tetragrammaton (31.N.7-8), 128—29Theatines, denounce Vermigli, 6Theodoret, 185, 188Theodosius II, 188Theology

practical (1.N.2), 92Reformed, and “Theses for Debate,”

86Thomism. See ScholasticismTraducianism, denied (5.P.2), 97Transubstantiation, 215

Martyr’s rebuttal (1549), 9“Treatise on the True Church...,” 22—23Tree of Knowledge (4.P.4), 96Tree of Life (4.P.3), 96Tremelli, Emanuele (1510-80), 7, 83Tresham, William (1495-1569), 10Trials (49.N.6ff.), 155—156

Trinityin Credo, 28—29and Holy Spirit, 55typified in OT, 84; (31.P.1), 129

Ulrich, Georg, 12University of Paris, 186Usury (45.N.6), 149

Valdès, Juan de, 6, 18Valla, Lorenzo (1406-1457), 88Vasoli, Cesare, 89Vautrollerius, Thomas, 89Vengeance, (44.N.3-4), 147Vermigli, Caterina Merenda

England sojourn, 166marriage to Martyr; death, 12

Vermigli, Catherine Dammartin, 9, 10Vermigli, Maria (b. 1563), daughter of

Martyr, 12Vermigli, Maria Fumantina, mother of

Martyr, 5Vermigli, Peter Martyr (Piero Mariano;

1499-1562), 3—14affinity with Calvin, 163—165Aristotelian logic of, 85biography, 3—14, 17—18Defensio against Gardiner, 12expositions/writings: Old Testament

lectures, 83; Genesis, 20, 83—84; “Theses for Debate,” 91—125; Exo-dus, 20, 83; Leviticus, 83; Judges, 11; 1 Kings, 12, 20; 2 Kings, 12, 20; Samuel, 20; 1 Samuel, 12; 2 Sam-uel, 12; Psalms, 12; Lamentations, 9, 20, 83; Minor Prophets, 9, 12, 20; Amos, 9; Romans, 9; 1 Corin-thians, 9; Common Places, 13; Nico-machean Ethics, 11, 85; “Of Flight in Persecution,” 21—23; “Of Schism,” 163ff.; “Theses for Debate,” 83—159, 88; “Treatise on the True Church...,” 22; Una sem-plice dichiaratione sopra gli XII arti-coli della fede christiana (Credo; 1544), 8, 15—79; Universis Ecclesiae


244 Index

Vermigli, Peter Martyr (cont’d.)Lucensis fidelibus, 19

and John Jewel, 164, 166—167marriages: Catherine Dammartin, 9;

Caterina Merenda, 12nicodemism, 168Strasbourg sojourn, 8—9, 11, 83—84Zurich sojourn, 163f.

Vermigli, Stefano di Antonio (father of Martyr), 5

Vestments, 176Virgin birth. See Jesus Christ, nativityVocation (divine calling). See ClergyVows (22.N.6-16), 117

War. (37.N.1-7), 136—37Just War theory, 86by magistrates (27.N.12ff.), 124rules for (12.N.1-8; 12.P.1), 105

Wealth (11.N.6-10), 104Whittingham, William (c. 1524-79), 11Woman; women. (39.N.2), 139

concubines (19.N.6), 113counsel of (21.N.7), 115creation of (4.N.10), 96

Woman; women (cont’d.)Augusta, 189taught by men (4.P.6), 96Word of Godand Church, 186and church councils, 187and Creation (1.P.3), 92Jesus Christ as, 32—33, 35Koran metaphor, 220and remission of sins, 71Works. See also Righteousnessand final judgment, 53relationship to salvation, 100;

(28.N.2-3), 125and righteousness (42-43), 144—146

Worship, 49, 50; (23.N.8), 118; (31.N.3), 128; (46), 150—51;

Zabarella, Jacopo, 87Zanchi, Girolamo (1516-90), 7, 11Zanin, Paolo, 12Zurich, 7—8, 11-12, 163Zwingli, Huldrych (1484-1531), 87, 203,

218


Early Writings - Truman State University Press...Contents: v. 1. Early writings, creed, scripture,...

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