Early Seral Biodiversity in Managed Landscapes: Introduction to … to... · Hidden Diversity:...
Transcript of Early Seral Biodiversity in Managed Landscapes: Introduction to … to... · Hidden Diversity:...
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Early Seral Biodiversity in Managed Landscapes:
Introduction to the Intensive Forest Management Study
Matthew Betts, COF, OSUJake Verschuyl, NCASI
A.J. Kroll, Weyerhaeuser
Jack Giovanini, WeyerhaeuserThomas Stokely, COF, OSU
Paul Hammond, OSUMelissa Scherr, NWERC
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Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, 2010
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• “Structurally and compositionally diverse
early seral forest habitats are now the
scarcest habitat in the region” (Thomas et
al. 2006 – Cons. Biol.)
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BBS Population trends for Oregon
Orange-crowned warbler Rufous hummingbird
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• Plantation forestry creates a steady, uniform and predictable supply of wood-fiber.
• High production on a small land area reduces harvest pressure on other forests.
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Research Objective
• Evaluate whether bird abundance, productivity and diversity is correlated with early-seral hardwood cover in plantations
– How can plantation management practices advance to produce timber and conserve biodiversity?
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1. Occupancy Thresholds at the
Landscape Scale
Little quantitative guidance to managers on thresholds in relation to IFM(Brokerhoff 2008 Biol. Cons.)
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Coastal Oregon
Oregon
IDNO TREE # SPECIES DBHCM HTM CC BHAGE TPHPLT
41034020 101 TSHE 39.116 24.384 4 83 2.617
41034020 116 CHLA 109.728 32.309 3 136 2.617
41034020 123 TSHE 55.880 39.319 3 103 2.617
41034020 129 PSME 200.152 58.826 3 913 1.000
41034020 133 PSME 66.802 40.843 3 99 2.617
41034020 316 TSHE 57.404 40.234 3 80 2.617
41034020 319 CHLA 105.664 45.110 3 244 2.617
41034020 320 CHLA 80.518 42.062 4 349 2.617
Attribute table (joined to ArcGIS grid)
Each pixel, or ArcGIS grid cell
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1. Point Counts
N=4375
2. Gradient Nearest Neighbor (GNN)
+
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2 km
0.5 km
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• Positive response to early-broadleaf by 8/12 pecies
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Population trends of ‘early-seral’species
Betts et al. 2010. Ecol. Apps.Betts et al. 2010 Ecol. Apps.
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2. Bird abundance thresholds at stand
scale
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Study Area: Central OR Coast Range
1k
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A
B
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Bird mist-netting and banding
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Results
• 6,013 total net captures
• Banded 4,639
• Recaptured 837
• 53 species
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Total bird capture rate
Hardwood
threshold at
6.7 %
(SE=1.6)
Full model
R2 = 0.45Foliage gleaners=
12.8% (SE=3.5)
Ellis & Betts 2011 For. Ecol. & Management
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Critical Questions
1. Bird abundance and productivity: Do correlations reflect causation?
3. “So what?” Are there ecosystem
consequences to bird decline?
4. Will ‘hidden’ biodiversity be affected?
2. Does abundance reflect productivity?
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Why are experiments important?
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Did Avas cause the U.S. housing bubble?
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A large-scale manipulative study on intensive forest management
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A. Control
D. IntensiveC. Moderate
B. Light
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Study Treatment Year Post-harvest Practice Chemical and Quantity/Acre
Control 1-10 Plant (year 2) None
Light
Intermediate
2 (spring) Herbaceous release2.66 lbs. Velpar (hexazinone)
32 oz 2-4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid)
3 (late summer) Woody veg control1.5 qt Accord (glyphosate)
20 oz Garlon (triclopyr)
Heavy
Intermediate
1 (late summer) Site prep
1.5 oz Escort (metsulfuron methyl)
3 qts Accord (glyphosate)
24 oz Chopper (imazapyr)
3 oz Oust (sulfometuron methyl & metsulfuron methyl)
24 oz MSO (methylated seed oil)
2 (spring) Herbaceous control2.66 lbs. Velpar (hexazinone)
32 oz 2-4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid)
3 (late summer)
Woody veg control1.5 qt Accord (glyphosate)
20 oz Garlon (triclopyr)
Bigleaf maple sprout control (as
necessary)Imazapyr (either hack and squirt, or foliar)*
4 (late summer)Big-leaf maple sprout control follow-
up (if necessary)Imazapyr (either hack and squirt, or foliar)*
Intensive
1 (late summer) Site prep
1.5 oz Escort (metsulfuron methyl)
3 qts Accord (glyphosate)
24 oz Chopper (imazapyr)
3 oz Oust (sulfometuron methyl & metsulfuron methyl)
24 oz MSO (methylated seed oil)
2-10 (spring) Herbaceous control2.66 lbs. Velpar (hexazinone)
32 oz 2-4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid)
3-10 (late summer)
Woody veg control (Annual review
with backpack treatments as
necessary).
1.5 qt Accord (glyphosate)
20 oz Garlon (triclopyr)
3-10 (late summer)Big-leaf maple sprout control and
follow-up (as necessary)Imazapyr (either hack and squirt, or foliar)*
Herbicide Treatments
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8 Study blocks 4 herbicide
treatments/block
Intensive Forestry
Study Design
Established 2009
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1. Bird abundance and population trends
- 96 point count stations- 3/ stand- Sampled 4 times/ season
20
11
20
21
Bir
d a
bu
nd
ance
ControlLightModerateIntensive
Year
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2. Bird Demography
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Nest Boxes
• 256 Nest boxes installed (8 per stand) in late winter/early spring
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3. Ecosystem Processes and ServicesM
anag
em
en
t in
ten
sity
Objective #1
Biodiversity outputs
Objective #2
Management inputs Ecosystem services
Tree growthBirds
N. Sayin
A. Ramamurthy
L. Turner
Control
Heavy
Intermediate
Light
Pollinators
Ungulates
D. Bae
Soil productivity
Pollination
Carbon storage
L. McGuff
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3. ‘Hidden Diversity’:
Moths in Intensively Managed Forest
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UngulateDensity
Herbicide Intensity
Arthropod Biomass
Early Seral Vegetation
Avian Abundance & Diversity
pre
dat
ionfo
od
avail.
Food web dynamics in Intensively Managed Forests
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“Efficiency Frontiers” in early seral foretsEc
osy
ste
m s
erv
ice
Management intensity
Pollination
Carbon storage
Soil productivity
Timber productionEfficiency frontiers
Timber production
az
ax
ayEco
syst
em
se
rvic
e
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THANKS: Cooperating forest managers and biologists
• Josh Johnson & Mike Rochelle – Weyerhaeuser
• Tim Tompkins – Weyerhaeuser
• Andy Weathers, Jennifer Bakke & Rudy Frazzini –Forest Capital/ Hancock
• Tim McBride, Al Heimgartner & Andy Weathers –Hancock
• Donald Irons & Jeff Light – Plum Creek
• Mitch Taylor & Erick Finnell – ODF
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Thanks to Funders
• NCASI
• OSU F&W in Managed Habitats Program
• Noble Fund
• Oregon Forest Industry Council (OFIC)
• Agriculture and Food Research Initiative (AFRI)