Early Roman Culture
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Transcript of Early Roman Culture
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Roman Culture
to the Gracchi
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Pre-literary to Literary Culture
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Public Culture
public ritual
public dramapublic writings (inscriptions)
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carmen, carminis, n.
chant, prayer, spell, law, song,
poem
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The Untranslatable Hymn of
the Salii
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fr. 1:
divum +empta+ cante, divum deo supplicate
fr. 2:
cume tonas, Leucesie, prae tet tremonti
+quot+ ibet etinei de is cum tonarem
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The Hymn of the Arval
Brethren
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enos Lases iuvate
enos Lases iuvate
enos Lases iuvate
That is, help us, Lares.
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neve lue rue Marmar sins incurrere in pleoris
neve lue rue Marmar sins incurrere in pleoris
neve lue rue Marmar sins incurrere in pleoris
Dont let plague and ruin, o Marmar, makeincursions on the people.
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satur fu, fere Mars, limen sali, sta berber
satur fu, fere Mars, limen sali, sta berber
satur fu, fere Mars, limen sali, sta berber
Be replete, Mars, leap the threshold, stay thebarbarian
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Other carmina:
Some kind of indigenous traditon
of historical song--maybe
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Cicero, in the Brutus:
Would that those songs were still extant,
which Cato tells us in his Origines used tobe sung by each guest in turn at thebanquets of our ancestors, many ages beforehis time, about the praises of illustriousmen.
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at the banquets of our
ancestors
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Carmen / Law
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Under the black stone (lapis niger) in
the Forum, was found, in 1899
a cippus, with an inscription possibly late 6th century BCE boustrophedon carving
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Some words are legible:
sakros es- let him be accursed (?)
recei for/to the king
iouxamenta draft animals
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The Twelve Tables
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From the Twelve Tables
Cito necatus insignis ad deformitatem puer esto.
A markedly deformed child shall be put to death
immediately.
Si pater filium ter venum duit, filius a patre liberesto.
If a father sells his son into slavery three times, theson shall be free of his father.
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186BCE The SCU de
Bacchanalibus
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from the SCU de
BacchanalibusLet none of them be minded to maintain a
place of Bacchic worship. Should there be
any who say that they must maintain a placeof Bacchic worship, they must come to
Rome to the urban praetor, and about these
matters, when their words have been heard,our Senate shall make a decision
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Epitaphs
Carmen / poem
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Lucius Cornelius Scipio Barbatus
son of Gnaeus, a brave man and prudent,
whose looks were fully equal to his valor;he was aedile, consul, (and) censor among you;
he took Taurasia (and) Cisauna in (or from) Samnium;
he subdues all Lucania and takes away hostages.
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A meter called Saturnians
a native Italian meter
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Early Latin Poetry
Epic
Drama
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Vortereto turn transform
Transforming a Greek Legacy
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Livius Andronicus
Dramatist and Latin Epic Poet
Possibly a half-Greek fromTarentum
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Comedy and Tragedies at the LudiRomani in 240BCE
names of his plays include: Aegisthus,Aiax, Equos Troianus, Ino, Tereus
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The Odyssey
virum mihi, Camena, insece versutum
Andra moi nnepe, Mosa, poltropon,w mla poll
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Greek Hexameter
Muse
Odysseus
Latin Saturnian Meter
Camena (an Italiannymph)
Ulixes
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Naevius
Bellum Punicum: an epic, in
saturnians, on the First Punic War
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Ennius
Annales
Drama
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Annales
Temporal Structure puts Rome atcenter
From Romes Foundation Latin, but in Hexameters
after Ennius, no one seemed to bother with
Saturnians anymore
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The Earliest Authors Whose
Works Survive Plautus
situations, names, Greek
Terence often combines the plots of two Greek
plays in one complains of competition from tight-rope
walkers, dancing bears
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Public venues:
the city (hymn of the Salii)
the forum (laws, plays)the roadside (epitaphs)
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Cato the Elder
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Speeches: he made copies andcirculated them
Wrote a treatise on farming Origines: origins of Italian cities
on Greek model of origin stories
did not name major characters; these arethe achievements of the people
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Cicero, in the Brutus:
Would that those songs were still extant,
which Cato tells us in his Origines used tobe sung by each guest in turn at thebanquets of our ancestors, many ages beforehis time, about the praise of illustrious
men.
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