Early-Late Middle Ages: Wars & Growing Nations
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Transcript of Early-Late Middle Ages: Wars & Growing Nations
Early-Late Middle Ages: Wars & Growing Nations476-1500
100 Years War (1337-1453)▪ Early 1300’s English King Edward III had land in France= vassal▪ 1328, royal family dies out Edward III is king▪ Assembly chose Philip VI (of Flanders)
▪ 1337, Ed attacked= 100 Years War▪ 116 yrs. of raids & battles
▪ England losses the war▪ 1453, France regained almost all it’s land
Edward III & Philip VI
France After the 100 Years War▪ Suffered more b/c all on their soil▪ Fighting in the royal family France disunited▪ Joan of Arc Charles VII was crowned king▪ Ppl backed their king & were able to drive out the English
▪ Joan of Arc French victory
Joan of Arc▪ Visions from God that told her to fight▪ Sent to the siege at Orleans, lifted after 9 days= hero at 17
▪ Captured by the English & burned at the stake a heretic at 19▪ Later, declared a martyr & saint by the Catholic church
100 Years War▪ New weapons= longbows; gunpowder & cannons made castles
vulnerable▪ Both the French & English monarchies became weaker ▪ Outcome= Parliament, particularly the House of Commons, gained
power over the king
War of the Roses▪ After HYW ended= war for England’s throne began▪ 1455, York & Lancaster families rivalry▪ White rose= York & red rose= Lancaster
▪ 1485, Henry Tudor, Lancaster, won▪ Married a daughter from York, & as Henry VII= set up a strong
monarchy
▪ Henry Tudor as Henry VII ▪ Red rose in his hand & white in hers
France After the 100 Years War▪ 1461, Louis XI followed Charles VII as king▪ Made monarchy stronger & Estates General lost power▪ Set up a harsh, efficient gov’t▪ Louis united France▪ Feudal lords lost power▪ Peasants gained little freedom
Spain▪ United in 1479 under Ferdinand & Isabella▪ 1492, captured Granada, last stronghold of the Moors (Muslims)
▪ Devout Catholics= ordered all non-Christians out or to convert▪ Most Jews & Muslims left▪ Lost most leaders in industry & trade
Quick Review▪ Why did the 100 Years War Begin and what were the
results?
▪ What was the impact of the 100 Years War in England & in France?
▪ How did the country of Spain change in 1492?
Video: Joan of Arc▪ https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xpswyzn-LZA
Activity: Memorial▪ Partners▪ Create a memorial for Joan of Arc▪ Include:▪ Location, connection to her legacy,
accomplishments, etc…
Holy Roman Empire
▪ Holy Roman Empire= Germany & Italy▪ Ruled by princes & knights= Emperors lacked power
▪ 1273, member of the Habsburg family became emperor▪ Ruled a small state, in present day Switzerland, weak, & owned little
land▪ Used it to arrange marriages w/ powerful families▪ Slowly their lands
▪ Emperor Maximilian I Netherlands, Luxembourg, & Burgundy
Holy Roman Empire▪ Maximilian I’s son, Philip married into Spanish royalty land in Spain &
Italy▪ Habsburgs= most powerful family in Europe▪ Couldn’t unite the Holy Roman Empire or the German states within it▪ German rulers refused to surrender power▪ Nor could Italy Papal States Pope