Early Government Democratic Roots. Athens and Rome Athens: Athens: Republic: Leaders elected by male...

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Early Government Early Government Democratic Roots Democratic Roots

Transcript of Early Government Democratic Roots. Athens and Rome Athens: Athens: Republic: Leaders elected by male...

Page 1: Early Government Democratic Roots. Athens and Rome Athens: Athens: Republic: Leaders elected by male citizens (US:______________________________) Republic:

Early GovernmentEarly Government

Democratic RootsDemocratic Roots

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Athens and RomeAthens and Rome

Athens:Athens: Republic: Leaders elected by male citizens Republic: Leaders elected by male citizens

(US:______________________________)(US:______________________________) Direct democracy: All male citizens were Direct democracy: All male citizens were

members of the legislative branch called the members of the legislative branch called the Assembly (US: Legislative branch = _______)Assembly (US: Legislative branch = _______)

Jury System: male citizens were chosen in large Jury System: male citizens were chosen in large numbers by lot to serve as jurors to try casesnumbers by lot to serve as jurors to try cases

Salaries for Public Officials: enabled poor Salaries for Public Officials: enabled poor citizens to take part in government service citizens to take part in government service (could leave their jobs)(could leave their jobs)

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Athens and RomeAthens and Rome

Rome:Rome: Veto: elected leaders could veto (______) laws Veto: elected leaders could veto (______) laws

passed by the government (checks and passed by the government (checks and balances)balances)

Representative democracy: Citizens chose Representative democracy: Citizens chose other citizens to represent them in the gov’t other citizens to represent them in the gov’t assembliesassemblies

Roman Law (Codified Law): by writing laws Roman Law (Codified Law): by writing laws down (all areas of society) in a orderly manner, down (all areas of society) in a orderly manner, all citizens can know themall citizens can know them

Consistent but flexible, and impartialConsistent but flexible, and impartial

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EnlightenmentEnlightenment

1717thth and 18 and 18thth Century Century produced a new way produced a new way of thinking/new of thinking/new philosophies on life philosophies on life and gov’tand gov’t John Locke:John Locke: natural natural

rights (life, liberty, and rights (life, liberty, and property); gov’t gets it’s property); gov’t gets it’s power from the people power from the people (social contract); gov’t (social contract); gov’t could be changed if it could be changed if it doesn’t meet the doesn’t meet the people’s needpeople’s need

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EnlightenmentEnlightenment

Voltaire: Natural rights and religious Voltaire: Natural rights and religious freedomfreedom

Montesquieu: Gov’t should have Montesquieu: Gov’t should have limits; separation of powers (3 limits; separation of powers (3 branches: Legislative, Executive, branches: Legislative, Executive, Judicial)Judicial)

Rousseau: people give the gov’t it’s Rousseau: people give the gov’t it’s powerpower

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Democracies/Republics in the Democracies/Republics in the New WorldNew World

Virginia House of Virginia House of Burgesses: started Burgesses: started in 1619in 1619

11stst such assembly such assembly in Americain America Legislative body Legislative body

elected by the elected by the peoplepeople

Meet once a year in Meet once a year in JamestownJamestown

Elected body was Elected body was called burgessescalled burgesses

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Democracies/Republics in the Democracies/Republics in the New WorldNew World

Mayflower Mayflower CompactCompact Signed by males on Signed by males on

the Mayflowerthe Mayflower Needed Needed

organization before organization before Pilgrims formed Pilgrims formed PlymouthPlymouth

Set up a gov’t Set up a gov’t structurestructure

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American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Events leading Events leading towards war:towards war: Taxes and Acts:Taxes and Acts:

Sugar ActSugar ActStamp Act (No Stamp Act (No

Taxation without Taxation without Representation)Representation)

Townsend ActTownsend ActBoston MassacreBoston MassacreTea Act (Boston Tea Tea Act (Boston Tea

Party)Party)““Intolerable Acts” Intolerable Acts”

(took away local gov’t)(took away local gov’t)

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American RevolutionAmerican Revolution

Declaring War:Declaring War: First Continental Congress (1974): met in Philly First Continental Congress (1974): met in Philly

to agree to fight for American rights and liberty to agree to fight for American rights and liberty for the coloniesfor the colonies

Patrick Henry “..give me liberty or give me Patrick Henry “..give me liberty or give me death.”death.”

Declaration of Independence:Declaration of Independence: Thomas JeffersonThomas Jefferson 1- Reasons for Separation (win public 1- Reasons for Separation (win public

support/propaganda against the king)support/propaganda against the king) 2- Theory of Gov’t (unalienable rights and natural 2- Theory of Gov’t (unalienable rights and natural

rights/ gov’t protects these rights and gets its power rights/ gov’t protects these rights and gets its power from the people)from the people)

3- Declaration of War3- Declaration of War

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American RevolutionAmerican Revolution Declaration cont….Declaration cont….

July 2, 1776 > 2July 2, 1776 > 2ndnd Continental Congress met Continental Congress met to vote on Declarationto vote on Declaration

Debated Jefferson’s Debated Jefferson’s document (Jefferson document (Jefferson almost left the convention)almost left the convention)

July 4, 1776 > ratification July 4, 1776 > ratification of Declaration with some of Declaration with some changeschanges

12-0 (New York makes it 12-0 (New York makes it 13-0 on July 15)13-0 on July 15)

August 2, 1776 > signing August 2, 1776 > signing of the Declarationof the Declaration

““we all must hang we all must hang together or we shall hang together or we shall hang separately” -Ben Franklinseparately” -Ben Franklin

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Battles of the RevolutionBattles of the Revolution

Lexington and Lexington and Concord (1775) > Concord (1775) > British march to British march to destroy Patriots’ destroy Patriots’ supply of supply of ammunition > Paul ammunition > Paul Revere’s ride > Revere’s ride > “shot heard ‘round “shot heard ‘round the worldthe world

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Battles of the RevolutionBattles of the Revolution

Trenton and Trenton and Princeton (1777) > Princeton (1777) > Washington Washington crosses Delaware crosses Delaware River to surprise River to surprise Redcoats > British Redcoats > British withdraw from withdraw from western New Jerseywestern New Jersey

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Saratoga (1777) > Saratoga (1777) > turning point of the turning point of the Revolution > patriots’ Revolution > patriots’ stop two offensives by stop two offensives by British > were British > were outnumbered> outnumbered> counterattack and counterattack and force British army to force British army to surrendersurrender

Yorktown (1781) > Yorktown (1781) > official surrender of official surrender of British army ending British army ending RevolutionRevolution