Early Days

• Born in 1940 at the start of World War II

• Luckily my Parents (mother matron, father hospital admin) not called up,

• However several moves as a consequence of bombing

• Wound up in Banbury 60 miles from London of nursery rhyme fame “Ride a cock horse to Banbury Cross” (attributed to Elizabeth I)

Growing Up

• From there to Cornwall home of legend (King Arthur), worked out tin mines, and the so called Cornish Riviera since warmer (and wetter) than rest of England and on the coast

School• Shebbear: 2nd Oldest Methodist

Public School in Britain

• Boarding school

• Located on the outskirts of Dartmoor of “Hound of the Baskervilles” fame

• Strong Boy Scouts movement led by ex-military school teachers.– Capture the flag, building structures

from ropes and logs, long hikes (escape from school)

Scouts• Joined as Cub scout,

continued onto Senior Scouts and awarded the Queens Scout Award in 1956

• Honor conferred at Gilwell (home of Scouting) by Chief Scout of the British Commmonwealth and Empire Lord Rowallen

University

• In Manchester: heart of the Industrial revolution, still recovering from loss of Empire markets

• University physics famous for Rutherford, Thomson, Geiger

• Home of Manchester United Soccer Club

• Honors BSc physics, then a PhD in Nuclear Physics

SLAC• Applied and accepted by Rolls

Royce, CERN and SLAC among others

• SLAC just finished getting first beams, Offered permanent post by future Nobel Prize winner Richard Taylor

• Wooed by promise of surfing and Beach Boys music

• Planned to come for 2 years

Nobel prize

• SLAC new lab, exploring frontiers of science

• Late 60’s and early 70s’ worked night and day on experiments that resulted in the discovery of the quark

• Leaders awarded Nobel prize 1990

• Traveled to Stockholm took part in week’s celebrations

Year’s leave of Absence at IBM UK Laboratories

• Awarded Patent (US 4688181) for Interactive Cursor Motion & Image Transformation

• Returned to SLAC to take up leadership of the computer networking group

China & the Internet• With Panofsky’s encouragement went to

Beijing & IHEP– A few months after Tiananenmen Square – Installed and made work a 9.6k modem that

provided dial up mail and logon capability

• For next 3 years worked on getting satellite connection and eventually the first permanent Internet connection for mainland China– Last mile hard

• China 200M Internet users in 2006

High Speed Networking

• Two times World LAN speed record holder in collaboration with Caltech and others– In 2004 Guinness Book of Records

• Three consecutive years won the SuperComputing Band Width Challenge– 2005 reached 150Gbits/s for an hour

Recent Work• High speed networking

• Measure the Digital Divide by means of the Internet performance– Its extent, how it is changing, its impact

How we measure

Internet

10 ping request packets each 30 mins

RemoteHost(typicallya server)

Monitoring host

>ping remhost

Ping response packets

Measure Round Trip Time & Loss

Data Repository @ SLAC

On

ce a Day

Uses ubiquitous ping

PingER Deployment• PingER project originally (1995) for measuring

network performance for US, Europe and Japanese HEP community - now mainly R&E sites

• Extended this century to measure Digital Divide:

– Monitor (40 in 14 countries)

– Beacons ~ 90– Remote sites

(~700)

• >150 countries (99% world’s connected population)– 40 in Africa

World throughput Behind Europe6 Yrs: Russia, Latin America 7 Yrs: Mid-East, SE Asia10 Yrs: South Asia11 Yrs: Cent. Asia12 Yrs: Africa

South Asia, Central Asia, and

Africa are in Danger of Falling

Even Farther Behind

Derived throughput ~ 8 * 1460 /(RTT * sqrt(loss))

Mathis et. al

http://www.internetworldstats.com/

Huge growth

~ 3x lower penetration than any other regionhuge potential market

Many systemic factors:Electricity, import duties,skills, disease, protectionist policies, corruption.915M people 14% world population, 3.6% of world internet users, mainly in cities

Africa

Costs compared to West• Sites in many countries have bandwidth< US residence

– “10 Meg is Here”, www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=104415

• Africa: $5460/Mbps/m– W Africa

$8K/Mbps/m– N Africa

$520/Mbps/m (IDRC study Jan 2005)

1 yr of Internet access > average annual income of most Africans, Survey by Paul Budde Communications

Bandwidth Initiative: Coalition of 11 African Universities (MZ, TZ, UG, GH,

NG, KY) + four major US Foundations to provide satellite thru Intelsat at 1/3 cost ($7.3K/Mbps/m =>

$2.23K)

• CERN and Charpak skiing

• Mount Shasta climbing

• 2 daughters, 3 grandchildren

• Still on first marriage

• 6 weeks in Borneo, 120 miles up river in boat, tropical disease of unknown origin