Early Civilizations: Indus Valley
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Transcript of Early Civilizations: Indus Valley
CIVILIZATIONS: INDUS VALLEY Araling Panlipunan 8
NOTES ON USAGE Last updated: November 24, 2016 This teacher-made slideshow presentation was intended for high school students in a public school setting and should be utilized in a manner consistent with Fair Use.
EARLY CIVILIZATIONS
SUBCONTINENT Definition
a large landmassthat is part of a continent
Human Legacy
1. Himalaya and Hindu Kush Mountain Systems
2. Northern Plains3. Deccan Plateau
INDO-GANGETIC PLAIN
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES• Yearly floods spread deposits of rich soil over a wide area but were unpredictable.• The rivers sometimes changed course.• The cycle of wet and dry
seasons brought by the monsoon winds was
unpredictable.
INDUS CIVILIZATION
WHAT WE KNOW FROM ARCHAEOLOGY
7000B.C. - agriculture and domesticated sheep and goats in the highlands 3200 B.C. - people were farming in villages along the Indus River
Indus River in Pakistan after a flood
Indus River from the Karakouram Highway
INDUS VALLEY TODAY
WHAT WE KNOW FROM ARCHAEOLOGY
2500B.C. – people began laying the bricks for India’s first cities More than 100 settlements have been found along the Indus in modern-day Pakistan. The largest cities are Kalibangan, Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa.
Map of a portion of Mohenjo-Daro shows sophisticated city planning
• fortified area• major buildings
citadel
bricks
plumbing
sewage
grid system
WHO WANTS SOME MUD BRICKS?
OVEN-BAKED AND SUN-DRIED
Harappa Euphrates Region
WHO WANTS SOME MUD BRICKS?
OVEN-BAKED AND SUN-DRIED
brick foundation of a warehouse in Gujarat Euphrates Region
INTERESTINGLY, THESE WERE THE FIRST CIVILIZATIONS IN CONTACT
THINK LIKE A HISTORIAN…
How can we prove that the two civilizations came into contact?
What can we use as proof?
SEALS
Seal used by Akkadian kingSar-kali-sari. The water buffaloin the seal were brought toMesopotamia by the Harappans.
SEALSAbout the size of a large postage stampUsed to make an impression on wet clayAnimals were carved on seals; unicorn was the most commonSigns on top are believed to be Indus writing
INDUS MOHENJO-DARO Watch this video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uasE8pum8g8
INDUS VALLEY CIVILISATION MOHENJO-DARO AND HARAPPA Watch this video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DV_5fI_9b3M
ARTIFACTS: WHAT WAS LIFE LIKE?langua
ge
elephant
rhinoceros
zebu (bull)
cultureuniformity in religion and cultureFigures could be early representations of ShivaFigures of a mother goddess, fertility imagesWorship of the bull
tradegold & silver
semiprecious stones
colored cotton cloth
AfghanistanDeccan PlateauPersia
traded with others
MOHENJO-DAROplumbi
ng
sewageIndus peoples built extensive and modern-looking plumbing systems.In Mohenjo-Daro almost every house had a private bathroom and toilet.No other civilization achieved this level of convenience until the 19th and 20th centuries.
“Mound of the Dead”
The Great Bath
Watch this video here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SdGbamPgf8o
INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION (MOHENJO-DARO)
made small figures of people and animals using metal and clay
few small statues surviveart
Priest King, Mohenjo-Daro
Dancing Girl
Nude Male Torso
TERRACOTTA FIGURINESart
bullock
TERRACOTTA FIGURINESart
OTHER EVERYDAY TOOLSweights used by traders
dice used for games
beauty kit
WHAT ABOUT WARFARE?
weapons?
It is true that Harappan art does not portray warfare. It is also true that no good weapons like spears or swords have been found. There is also no evidence of sacking or burning of Indus cities. The inescapable conclusion is that the Harappan were a peace loving people not given to war or aggression. ~Iravatham Mahadevan
copper and bronze spearheadswere found believed mainly toserve as protection from animals
The Indus Civilization probably had no natural enemies. [The] people of these regions had more to gain by peaceful cooperation than by attacking the Harappans. Similarly the nearest people by sea, the inhabitants of Oman, had much to gain by peaceful interaction and were too few to pose a threat, while the Mesopotamians, experienced in warfare, were too far away to make conquest feasible. ~Jane McIntosh
HOW DID THE INDUS CIVILIZATION END?
REFERENCES Beck, Roger B. (2009). World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell.
McIntosh, Jane. (2011). “The First Civilizations in Contact: Mesopotamia and the Indus”. University of Cambridge. Retrieved from http://www.cic.ames.cam.ac.uk/pages/ mcintosh.html
RECOMMENDED READINGS A comparison between Mesopotamian Civilization and Indus Valley Civilization made by students like you can be found here:
https://prezi.com/okprx92a44bz/mesopotamian-civilization-vs-indus-valley-civilization/