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Early 19th Century Reformers
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Women’s Rights Movement
Cult of domesticity Housework & child care only proper
activities for married women Seneca Falls Convention
Women’s rights convention Was where the “Declaration of
Sentiments” was writtenProvided women w/ increased
opportunities to act outside the home
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton Co-wrote “Declaration of
Sentiments” w/ Lucretia Mott and Susan B. Anthony
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Elizabeth Blackwell 1st woman doctor in U.S. Opened her own clinic
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Lucretia Mott Co-wrote “Declaration of
Sentiments” w/ Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony
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Margaret Fuller Advocated that women could have
opinions outside the “cult of domesticity”
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Abolitionists Slavery was one of the biggest
issues leading up to the civil war
Abolition – the movement to end slavery
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Frederick Douglass Black abolitionist Started a newspaper called “The
North Star”
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William Lloyd Garrison White abolitionist Published The Liberator
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Harriet Tubman Conductor of the underground
railroad
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Nat Turner Led a revolt on a Virginia
Plantation Was caught and hanged
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Sojourner Truth Abolitionist Feminist Public speaker on those issues Illiterate
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Harriet Beecher Stowe Wrote “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” One of the causes leading to the
Civil War
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION Phase 1
Manufacturers made products by dividing the tasks involved among the workers
Phase 2 Manufacturers built factories to bring
specialized workers together Phase 3
Machines did the work and people operated them
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Samuel Morse Invented telegraph (Morse Code) 1844
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John Deere Invented steel-tipped plow
(1837)
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Elias Howe & I.M. Singer Invented sewing machine (1846)
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Cyrus McCormick Invented mechanical reaper
(1834)
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Robert Fulton Invented Steamboat (1807)
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Charles Goodyear Goodyear's discovery of what
came to be known as vulcanization strengthened rubber so it could be applied to a vast variety of industrial uses, including, eventually, automobile tires.
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Peter Cooper 1st American Steam locomotive
(1830)
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New Philosophies Many people sought alternative to
traditional religionTranscendentalism
Emphasized living a simple life and celebrated the truth found in nature & in personal emotion & imagination
Stressed American ideas of optimism, freedom, and self-reliance
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Ralph Waldo Emerson Became known for challenging
traditional thought Chief spokesman for
Transcendentalism, (the American philosophic and literary movement)
Transcendentalism was a reaction against scientific rationalism
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Henry David Thoreau Protested Mexican War Wrote “The Duty of Civil
Disobedience”
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James Fenimore Cooper First major American novelist Best-known for tales of frontier
adventure including… “The Last of the Mohicans” (1826)
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Washington Irving Has been called the father of the
American short story Wrote “The Legend of Sleepy
Hollow”
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Nathaniel Hawthorne Wrote “The Scarlet Letter”
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Herman Melville Best-known for his novels of the
sea Wrote “Moby Dick”
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Edgar Allan Poe Known as the father of modern
mystery A master of the horror tale (I.e.
“The Raven”)
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Henry Wadsworth Longfellow Poet Known for rhymes from Mother
Goose Known for words to nursery
songs Was among the first American
writers to use native themes
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Walt Whitman Incorporated natural speech
rhythms into poetry Wrote 7 editions of “Leaves of
Grass”
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Emily Dickinson Poetry reflects her loneliness Was not publicly recognized during
her lifetime
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Dorothea Dix Worked to help the mentally ill Reformed prison conditions Educated people on mental illness
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Horace Mann Established modern public school
system; “Father of Public Schools” Developed an educational system
with grade levels & teacher training
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John James Audubon Set up a society for the study of
birds
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George Catlin Documented the tribal life of
Native Americans throughout his travels of the west
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Joseph Smith
Was the founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, also known as Mormonism,
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Brigham Young Young moved the Mormons in an
exodus to Utah
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Charles Grandison Finney Was a minister of the gospel who
became an important figure in the Second Great Awakening
Known as "the Father of modern revivalism"
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Sarah & Angelina Grimke Daughters of a slave owner First women to publicly argue
against slavery
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Susan B. Anthony Led the fight for women’s rights Her efforts led to the 19th
Amendment (women’s suffrage)