EAPY 677: Perspectives in Educational Psychology Dr. K. A. Korb University of Jos 14 May 2009.

EAPY 677:Perspectives in Educational Psychology

Dr. K. A. KorbUniversity of Jos

14 May 2009

Course outline Theories of Learning

Cognitive Theories Constructivist Theories

Schema Theory Situated Cognition

Theories of Motivation Theories of Cognitive Abilities Psychology of Instruction Cognitive and Academic Assessment Educational Research Methods

Course goals

Meaningful Learning Thorough understanding of the content Ability to apply the content to an educational

context Evaluation

Critical consumer of theories and research

Understanding, not memorization, is key to learning!

Expectations for Students

• Put forth a strong effort to study despite challenges

• Regular classroom attendance• Completion of reading assignments prior to

class• Independent completion of assignments• Utmost integrity in terms of academic honesty


Academic Honesty

• Wise and Foolish Builders (Matthew 7:24-27)– Wise Man:

• Put God’s Word into practice– Honesty– Working with all your heart

• House does not fall– “Well done, good and faithful servant.”– Bear fruit in your teaching

– Foolish Man:• Does not put God’s Word into practice• Fall with a great crash


plagiarism

Plagiarism: Presenting another person’s ideas and words as your own

According to www.plagiarism.org, all the following are considered plagiarism: Turning in someone else’s work as your own

Another person completes your assignment in part or whole Copying answers from a peer Brining a cheat sheet into the exam Completing an assignment as a group unless the instructor

explicitly states that it is a group assignment

http://www.plagiarism.org/

Plagiarism Copying words or ideas from someone else

without giving credit Plagiarism : Piaget had four stages of cognitive

development Must cite where you received the information

Giving incorrect information about the source of a quotation Correct: Kephart believed that a child’s first

encounter with the environment through their motor activities is the prerequisite for later learnings (Kephart, 1964, as cited in Kirk, 1972) Kirk’s reference goes in the References section.

Plagiarism Failing to put a quotation in quotation marks

Correct: “Education in any society tends to reflect the political philosophy of that society” (Kirk, 1972, p. 3).

Changing words but copying the sentence structure of a source without giving credit Plagiarism: Education in all societies often reflects the philosophy of

the society. Correct: The political philosophy of a society influences educational

practices. Copying so many words or ideas from a source that it makes up

the majority of your work, whether you give credit or not. First write an outline of your paper before finding sources. Use multiple sources of information for each project.

Setting Goals Set Goals

Specific Immediate Moderately challenging

Set Strategies to Achieve your Goals Strategies to meet goal Strategies to overcome obstacles

Monitor Progress toward your goals Increase belief in your abilities Provide motivation to change behavior


Monitoring Progress to Goals

• Continually ask yourself questions about the effectiveness of your learning strategies– Am I taking too few or too many notes?– Am I writing down important ideas or unimportant

details?– Am I simply reading my notes when I study or do I attempt

to elaborate on them with examples?– Do I spent enough time studying?– Is my study time free from distractions?


Study Skills

• Ask the following questions of each concept taught in class– What is another example of this idea?– How is this topic similar to or different from the

previous topic?– How does this idea relate to other big ideas I have

been learning?– How can I apply this idea in education?


Study Skills Write notes in your own words to help you

understand Read and re-read Summarize the material in lecture or reading by

making a concise description of the material Try to guess what questions will be on the exam

and ensure you can answer them Continually ask yourself: How can I learn more

effectively, given my goals and the nature of the task?


Suggested Study Schedule

ActivityActivityEveningEvening Review notes, Revise and/or Rewrite. Review notes, Revise and/or Rewrite.

Note unclear topics for clarification.Note unclear topics for clarification.

1-31-3 Learn 3 to 4 key topics.Learn 3 to 4 key topics.

4-54-5 Read next week’s assigned reading.Read next week’s assigned reading.

66 Quiz yourself over previous lecture’s Quiz yourself over previous lecture’s points. points.

Review reading for next dayReview reading for next day


Expectations for Instructor

• Treat all students with respect• Be prompt and prepared for each lecture• Be available outside of class for additional

assistance as needed• Be fair and honest in evaluation

Whoever wants to be great among you must be your servant.


Psychology Psychology: Scientific study of human behavior

and mental functions Scientific Study: Systematic, objective methods of

observing behavior and mental functioning Behavior: Activity that can be observed, recorded,

and measured Mental Functions: Infer from observable behavior

Areas of Study: Perception, Cognition, Development, Emotion, Personality, Motivation, Interpersonal relationships

Psychology Psychology: Study of behavior and mental processes

Assumption: People are similar across cultures Hypothesize factors within cultures that influence mental processes

Anthropology: Study of human beings in all places and at all times Cultural Anthropology: Systematic comparison of different

cultures Assumption: People are different across cultures

Needs Assessment: Studies that determine and address gaps between current conditions and desired conditions Assess local opinions about development and aid projects

Psychology

• Purpose of Psychology: Understand, explain, predict, and control behavior– Observe human behavior

• Response time• Frequency of behaviors• Performance on cognitive tasks• Self-report on questionnaires

– Develop hypothetical constructs that explain patterns of performance in human behavior

Psychology

Deterministic: One variable completely determines another Guarantee

Probabilistic: One variable increases the probability of another Substantial number of variables that influence

each outcome Free will Psychology is probabilistic

How will the research be used?Basic Applied

Research conducted to test theories and build a foundation of

knowledge.

Research conducted to solve practical human problems.

How does memory work?

How does learning occur?

Why do people do what they do? (Motivation) How can we

help our students memorize facts?

What teaching methods can we use to help our students learn more effectively?

How can we use principles of motivation to help our students succeed?


What is Educational Psychology?

• Application of psychological findings and principles to the process of education

• The study of learning and teaching with the goal of improving educational practice

• Two commonalities:– Applying psychological findings/Study of learning and

teaching• Scientific

– Process of education/Improving educational practice• Purpose is to make education more effective


Revision

• What is psychology?• How is psychology relevant for education?• What is educational psychology?• Why is educational psychology an important

subject for teachers?

EAPY 677: Perspectives in Educational Psychology Dr. K. A. Korb University of Jos 14 May 2009.

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