Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom...
-
Upload
hubert-golden -
Category
Documents
-
view
219 -
download
0
Transcript of Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom...
![Page 1: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Each degree of freedom contributes to the
energy of the system
Monatomic—three degrees of freedom
Diatomic---five degrees of freedom
TnCE vint
nRT21
RCv 23
RCv 25
![Page 2: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Alu
min
umB
eryl
lium
Cad
miu
mC
oppe
rG
erm
aniu
mG
old
Iron
Lead
Sili
con
Silv
er Ice
Wat
erM
etha
nol
Car
bon
Dio
xide
Hyd
roge
nN
itrog
enO
xyge
nA
mm
onia
c (J
/kg
K)
Specific Heat of Various Materials
![Page 3: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
Alu
min
umB
eryl
lium
Cad
miu
mC
oppe
rG
erm
aniu
mG
old
Iron
Lead
Sili
con
Silv
er Ice
Wat
erM
etha
nol
Car
bon
Dio
xide
Hyd
roge
nN
itrog
enO
xyge
nA
mm
onia
c v(J
/mol
e K
)
Molar Specific Heat of Various Materials
![Page 4: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Alu
min
umB
eryl
lium
Cad
miu
mC
oppe
rG
erm
aniu
mG
old
Iron
Lead
Sili
con
Silv
er Ice
Wat
erM
etha
nol
Car
bon
Dio
xide
Hyd
roge
nN
itrog
enO
xyge
nA
mm
onia
c v(R
)
Molar Specific Heat of Various Materials
![Page 5: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Supercooling video...
![Page 6: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Two gases in separate containers have equal volumes, equal
numbers of molecules, and the same temperature. However, one gas is monatomic and the
other is diatomic. The pressure of the diatomic gas isA. Less than that of the monatomic
gas.B. The same of that of the monatomic
gas.C. Greater than that of the monatomic
gas.
![Page 7: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Two gases in separate containers have equal volumes, equal
numbers of molecules, and the same internal energy Eint.
However, one gas is monatomic and the other is diatomic. The pressure of the diatomic gas isA. Less than that of the monatomic
gas.B. The same of that of the monatomic
gas.C. Greater than that of the monatomic
gas.
![Page 8: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Malachi 3:14-1714 Ye have said, It is vain to serve God: and what profit is it that we have kept his ordinance, and that we have walked mournfully before the Lord of hosts?
15 And now we call the proud happy; yea, they that work wickedness are set up; yea, they that tempt God are even delivered.
![Page 9: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
16 Then they that feared the Lord spake often one to another: and the Lord hearkened, and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before him for them that feared the Lord, and that thought upon his name.17 And they shall be mine, saith the Lord of hosts, in that day when I make up my jewels; and I will spare them, as a man spareth his own son that serveth him.
![Page 10: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
Boltzmann’s distribution law𝑛𝑉 (𝐸 )=𝑛0𝑒
−𝐸 /𝑘𝐵𝑇
![Page 11: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
About how many gas molecules in this room are travelling at 200 m/s?A. Less than 10B. From 10 to 1,000C. From 1,000 to 100,000D. From 100,000 to 10,000,000E. More than 10,000,000
![Page 12: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
![Page 13: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Escape speed is the speed an object has to go to escape Earth’s gravity. Escape speed for Earth is only 11.2 km/s.
A rocket ship to Mars must go at a speed greater than 11.2 km/s to escape from Earth.
If a gas molecule has a speed in excess of 11.2 km/s, it will escape totally from Earth. Hydrogen and helium have a mean speed that is a significant fraction of the escape speed. For this reason, there is almost no hydrogen or helium in Earth’s atmosphere.
![Page 14: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Suppose we have two jars of gas, one of helium and one of oxygen. If both jars have the same volume, and the two gases are at the same pressure and temperature, which jar contains the greatest number of molecules?A. Jar of helium
B. Jar of oxygenC. Both jars contain the same number.Consider both gases to obey the ideal gas law. Also note that the mass of an oxygen atom is greater than the mass of a helium atom.
![Page 15: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
If you have equal numbers of heavy and light
molecules in the gas, the ones that move the fastest
are:A. The heavy onesB. The light onesC. They move at the same average
speed
![Page 16: Each degree of freedom contributes to the energy of the system Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Monatomicthree degrees of freedom Diatomic---five degrees.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022082419/5a4d1b817f8b9ab0599bb442/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Two identical containers hold equal amounts of the same gas at the same temperature. In each case, a piston
compresses the gas to half the original volume. In one container the process takes place adiabatically, and in the other container it takes place at constant temperature in contact with a heat reservoir. The piston must do more
work in the case of(a) the adiabatic compression.(b) the constant-temperature compression.(c) In both processes the amount of work is
the same.